sociology exam #4

Liberation theology

a movement in Christian theology, developed mainly by Latin American Roman Catholics, that emphasizes liberation from social, political, and economic oppression as an anticipation of ultimate salvation.

Measuring religious adherence and practice, what researchers call ________, has long posed problems for researchers.

religiosity

Jayce and Madison have been through it all as a family. Their 4-year-old son was diagnosed with Leukemia, a form of cancer, while both of Madison's parents were killed by a drunk driver. Through all of this they have managed to stay together and keep as positive an outlook as they can. They know things will get better and that their strength as a couple and a family will see them through. Their family has _________.

resiliency

Judaism is the oldest of the modern, major world religions, but its adherents make up less than _____ percent of the world population.

1

The fertility rate in the U

62.5 births per 1,000 women

__________ is the idea that older people, especially those in good health, can and should be encouraged to remain active and productive in their communities.

Activity theory

In this sociologist's research, women were found to work a full shift of labor while expecting to perform unpaid family work at home, amounting to an extra month of work a year. The name of this researcher is ____________.

Arlie Hochschild

Which of the following is NOT identified as one of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?

Autocratic

_________ refers to the social institution that provides formal training for people to gain knowledge and skills, as well as learn values and norms.

Education

There is a clear worldwide cultural preference for female children.

False

_____________ is the fear and hatred of homosexuality.

Homophobia

__________ refers to the biological and anatomical differences between females and males.

Sex

___________ refers to a person's direction of sexual and emotional interest.

Sexual orientation

In the experiment, Rosenthal and Jacobsen informed teachers that some of their students were poised to see a significant increase in their IQ scores based on a series of tests they had run at the beginning of the year. When they retested, what did they discover?

The identified students saw their scores improve significantly

The holy book of Jews

Torah

Matriarchy

a family, society, community, or state governed by women. a form of social organization in which the mother is head of the family, and in which descent is reckoned in the female line, the children belonging to the mother's clan; matriarchal system.

Sects

a group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs (typically regarded as heretical) from those of a larger group to which they belong.

Ecclesia

a political assembly of citizens in The definition of ancient Greece, or the church members

Patriarchy

a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.

The "boomerang generation/effect

a term applied to young adults graduating high school and college in the 21st century in Western culture. They are so named for the percentage of whom choose to share a home with their parents after previously living on their own

If an employer decided to fire all of its employees over the age of 50 because it felt they were too old, this would be an example of:

ageism

Alameda believes that all forms of life contain elements of the supernatural. That is one of the reasons she doesn't like to hurt or kill insects. Alameda's belief system is referred to by sociologists as ____________

animism

Safe haven laws

are statutes in the United States that decriminalize the leaving of unharmed infants with statutorily designated private persons so that the child becomes a ward of the state.

Kayla and Carter have three children: Landon, who is 17; Leah, who is 16; and Lila, who is 14. As parents, they demand strict obedience from their children and expect them to follow the house rules completely. Any deviation in house rules by any of their children results in swift discipline. They are considered _________ parents.

authoritarian

Credentialism

belief in or reliance on academic or other formal qualifications as the best measure of a person's intelligence or ability to do a particular job.

Stepfamilies are characterized in the family science literature as both ___________.

binuclear families and blended families

Family researchers who apply the _________ perspective often focus on the unequal distribution of power, its source and consequences in family life.

conflict

When employers require job applicants to have certain degrees, they are taking part in the practice known as:

credentialism

Grace has been poor her whole life. Grace says that when she was younger, she could make some money picking fruit or cleaning people's homes. Now that she is in her seventies, those opportunities to do a little manual labor and make some money are gone, leaving her poorer now than she has ever been. What Grace is describing fits with __________________.

cumulative disadvantage theory

Familism

defined as a social structure where the needs of the family are more important and take precedence over the needs of any of the family members.

. According to family researcher Paul Bohannon, during the _________ divorce station, a spouse may disengage from the marriage from the perspective of trust, respect and affection, and it is common for spouses to demonstrate anger, frustration and hurt.

emotional

Hudson and Taylor just got married. Both of them are very similar, and in some ways it is like they are the same person. Both are white, are 31 years old, have bachelor degrees and have attended the same church both before and after marriage. Their marriage is a form of ___________.

endogamy

James has attended the same church for some time now. He rarely donates money but takes full advantage of the perks offered by the church, which include free breakfast before church on Sunday and use of the church gym to work out. James is what some might call a ___________.

free rider

Bontle is an elderly woman living in the country of Lesotho, in Africa. Here women are unable to own property. She worries if her husband, Kamohelo, dies first, she'll lose the land she has lived on for the last forty years. What Bontle is describing is a system of_________.

gender stratification

Sexual harassment

harassment (typically of a woman) in a workplace, or other professional or social situation, involving the making of unwanted sexual advances or obscene remarks.

Some babies are born ________, or without genitalia that is clearly male or female.

intersexed

Covenant marriage

is a legally distinct kind of marriage in three states (Arizona, Arkansas, and Louisiana) of the United States, in which the marrying spouses agree to obtain pre-marital counseling and accept more limited grounds for later seeking divorce

The high school dropout rate today in the United States is:

less than 10 percent

An intense feeling of attachment and affection for another is defined as _______.

love

In the text, Carl's early household arrangement consisted of Carl and his biological parents, Xavier and Carrie. Collectively, the three comprised a traditional ____________.

nuclear family

Sharia Laws

or Islamic law is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith.

Polygyny

polygamy in which a man has more than one wife.

Polyandry

polygamy in which a woman has more than one husband.

Sexism

prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex.

Sociologists use the concept of _________ to refer to the way groups are ranked on a scale of perceived social worth and how that ranking affects access to resources such as property, prestige and power.

social stratification

Machismo

strong or aggressive masculine pride.

"Disengagement theory"

that it is natural and acceptable for older adults to withdraw from society.

Judaism, Christianity and Islam are often referred to as the Abrahamic religions because they all trace their roots to a singular event that occurred in __________ more than 4,000 ago.

the Middle East

Polytheism

the belief in or worship of more than one god.

endogamy

the custom of marrying inside the community

exogamy

the custom of marrying outside a community, clan, or tribe.

Egalitarianism

the doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Serial monogamy

the practice of engaging in a succession of monogamous sexual relationships

Monogamy

the practice or state of being married to one person at a time.

The Protestant ethic

the view that a person's duty is to achieve success through hard work and thrift, such success being a sign that one is saved.

The vast majority of homeschooled students are:

white