Sociology Perspectives Test 1

Learning more about sociology helps us to:

A. See the constraints in our lives B. see the opportunities in our lives C. Be more active participants in our society

Which of the following concepts refers to social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a lot of personal ability and effort?

Achieved Status

According to Comet, which of the following is a way of understanding the world based on science?

Positivism

Which disciple defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?

Sociology

About how many adults in the US speak a language other than English at home?

47 million

Which of the following concepts refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily take on later in life?

Ascribed status

The concept "subculture" refers to:

Cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society's population

Which woman made a mark as an early sociologist by studying the evils of slavery and also translating the writings of Auguste Comet?

Harriet Martineau

Who was the pioneering sociologist who founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

Jane Addams

Which early sociologist claimed that important task was not to simple understand society but to change it?

Karl Marx

____distinguish between right and wrong; _____ distinguish between polite and rude.

Mores; folkways

What statements comes close to describe Erik Erikson's view of socialization?

Personality develops over the entire life course in patterned ways

_____ defines who and what we are in relation to others.

Status

In a sample of 250 students, researchers are ensuring that the proportionate number of students is based on class standing, race, sex, and major course of study. This is an example of:

Stratified random sample

Gerhard Lenkst focused on which of the following factors as having great power to shape a society?

Technology

One of the early concerns of IQ test was that they tested the subject's knowledge of the upper-class white culture of the scientist who developed them and no the true educational potential of the person tested. In view of this, which assessment of the early IQ test is most accurate?

The early IQ tests lacked validity.

What historical changes stimulated the development of the discipline sociology?

The growth of cities, new political ideas stressing individual rights, and the rise of an industrial economy

The early US sociologist who earned the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color was:

W.E.B. Du Bois

Which US Sociologist studied the African American community and severed as a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?

W.E.B. Du Bois

According to Comet, during the Middle Ages most people in Europe thought of society as:

an expression of God's will

The cultural values that largely define a culture:

are sometimes in conflict with one another.

Making use of the sociological perspective encourages:

challenging commonly held beliefs

Human guide to reality is determined by:

command of language

Culture is source of human freedom because:

cultural creatures must make and remake the world for themselves

The concept "counterculture" refers to:

cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held

What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that, together, constitute a people's what of life?

culture

The study o social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as:

dramaturgical analysis

The concept "presentation of self" refers to

efforts to create impressions in the minds of others

Research method called participant observation is also termed

field work

It is correct to say that the development of more complex technology:

has both positive and negative effects

3 qualities on which research ethics are based?

honesty; truth;openness

Sociologists use the concept "empirical evidence" to refer to"

information people can verify with their senses

The concept "ethnocentrism" refers to:

judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.

Keeping young people off the streets would be a ___ of sports.

latent function

Unrecognized and unintended consequences of social structure are called:

latent functions

Science can be defined as:

logical system that bases knowledge on direct systematic observation.

Bases on both Harlows' research with monkeys, and the case of Anna , one might reasonably conduce that:

long-term social isolation leads to permanent development damage in both monkeys and humans.

The recognized and intense consequences of a social pattern are referred to as:

manifest functions

What status refers to that of very great importance for social identify, often shaping a person's entire life?

master status

All of the following are dimensions of culture:

material, normative, cognitive

The Harlow experiments to discover the effects of social isolation on rhesus monkeys showed that:

monkeys isolated for as little as 6 months were permanently damaged

Culture acts as a constraint on human freedom because:

much culture is habit and is repeated again and again.

The ideal of objectivity means that a researcher:

must strive to be personally neutral about the outcome of the research

Cultural transmission refers to the process of

passing cultural patterns from one generation to another.

All around the world, what we find everywhere is:

people creating cultural systems

When Charles Horton Cooley used the term "looking-glass self" he was referring to the fact that:

people see themselves as they think others see them.

What is an example of manifest function of sports?

providing people with recreation and physical conditioning

The term _____ refers to the extend to which different studies come up with similar results.

reliability

Sociologists use ____ to refer to the behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status.

role

_____ refers to conflict among roles correspond to two or more statuses.

role conflict

_____ refers to the process by which people disengage from important social roles

role exit

_____ refers to tension among roles connected to a single status

role strain

According to George Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. These people are referred to as:

significant others

The Thomas Theorem states that:

situations defined as real are real in their consequences.

Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society. What concept refers to the negative consequences?

social dysfunctions

Taken together, the case of Anna and Genie provide strong evidence that:

social experience has a crucial role in forming human personality

The process by which people act and react in relation to others is:

social interaction

Which of the following concept refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?

socialization

Which theoretical approach highlights the fact that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as the meaning they attach to their behavior?

symbolic-ineraction approach

All of the following play a part in creating global culture:

the flow of goods, the flow of information, the flow of people

George Herbert Mead considered the self to be:

the part o fan individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image.

The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is:

the reality people construct as they interact with one another.

The "framework for building theory that seems society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change" is which of the following?

the social-conflict approach

Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called:

values

Studying the meaning people attach to their everyday lives is the search for:

verstehen

The trade case of Anna, the isolated girl studied by Kingsley Davis, shows that:

without social experience, a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action.

Norms are:

rules are defining appropriate behavior

All three roles stains are resolved by ___ and ___.

setting priorities and planning.

The theoretical approach in sociology that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the:

structural-functional approach