Structure and Function of Adipose Tissue

Where is visceral fat located?

-Located around organs -First depot to start filling

Where is adipose deposited?

1. Visceral Fat 2. Subcutaneous fat 3. Intermuscular 4. Intramuscular

What is adipose tissue?

Specialized connective tissue that is approximately 80% lipid (fat)

Where is intramuscular fat located?

-Associated with the perimysim -Located between muscle bundles -known as marbling -Starts to form/fill last in the sequence -Varies between species, breeds

What does energy storage mean for fat tissue function?

-Chief storage site of triglyceride storage -In some animals, adipocytes synthesize triglycerides from glycerol and free fatty acids -Triglycerides are broken down and free fatty acids exported for energy

Brown adipose

-Color from vascular supply & mitochondria -Multiple lipid droplets, with a central nucleus -Function is thermogenesis (heat production) by oxidation of fatty acids, uncoupling proteins -per-cardial, peri-renal,iner-scapu lar

What is the function of adipose tissue?

-Cushion and protection of internal organs -Insulation/heat production _energy storage

Adipose tissue is heavily vascularized

-Extensive collateral circulation -Blood flow regulation is almost as dynamic as muscle

Where is subcutaneous fat?

-Located under the skin -Starts to form/fill after visceral fat

Where is intermuscular adipose tissue located?

-associated with epimysium -Located between muscle groups -known as seam fat -Starts to form and fill approximately the same as subcutaneous fat

White adipose

-single lipid droplet with a peripheral nucleus -lipid storage, synthesis in some species -Long term regulation of food intake

What kind of visceral fat are there?

1. Mersenteric fat- around intestines 2. Caul Fat - over stomach 3. Perirenal fat- around kidneys 4. Leaf fat- thoracic cavity

What are the 3 layers that develop with subcutaneous fat?

1. Outer layer comes first- insulation 2. Middle layer comes next- largest, most active 3. Inner layer- last, hard to see in lean animals

How small is cytoplasm in the cell?

1/40th lipid volume

What cells does adipose tissue contain?

Fibroblasts and adipocytes -adipocytes are 20-40% of the DNA in adipose

What is in the cytoplasm only after refeeding?

Glycogen

What do mature adipocytes have in them?

Large lipid droplets and small amount of cytoplasm

What occurs in the cytoplasm?

Lipogenisis and lipolysis

Where is stored lipid not?

Membrane bound

When fat is filling we talk about it going in an order but each spot is never full

Since it is continuous it will feed into visceral, backfat, seam, and marbling

Adipocytes produce factors which influence whole body metabolism

Some of these factors include: -Leptin-appetite regulation, energy expenditure -Adiponectin -insulin resistance -TNFaphla- immune response

What are the two types of adipose tissue?

White and brown