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USB
2.0- 480MB/s 5m 3.0- 5.0GB/s 3m 3.1- 10.0GB/s 3m Computer can have MAX 127 USB devices Four pins 5v Mostly half duplex Type A/B 4pins Micro/Mini 5pins Type A is flat, Type B is square
At what frequency do Bluetooth-connected devices communicate?
2.4 GHz
Wireless Frequency channels
2.4GHz channel 1-11 5GHz channel 48-165
DDR1 RAM
2.5v
Thunderbolt v2
20 Gbit/s aggregated channels
Pins on DDR and DDE2 SDRAM SO-DIMM
200
Pins on DDR3 SDRAM SO-DIMM
204
FTP file transfer protocol
21
What is the default port for FTP
21
Pins on a Micro DIMM DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM
214
SSH Secure Shell
22 File transfer on secured channel.
What is the value of 1101 1100 in decimal?
220
Telnet
23
Bluetooth 3.0+HS Data Rate
24 Mbit/s
Bluetooth 4.0 Data Rate
24 Mbit/s
Pins on DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM
240
DDR2 DIMM
240 pins
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
25 Sends email, send mail to people.
Single Layer Blu-Ray Capacity
25 GB
Throughput of PCIe
250 MB/s to 2GB/s
Class A Subnet Mask
255.0.0.0
Class B Subnet Mask
255.255.0.0
Class C Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
DDR4 DIMM
288 pins 1.05v Not backwards compatible.
What is the maximum bandwidth of graded index multimode fiber?
2GHz
What is the minimum number of disks required for a configuration of RAID level 5?
3
An analog computer monitor connection has how many rows of pins?
3 15pins
Bluetooth 2.0+EDR Data Rate
3 Mbit/s
Maximum distance of thunderbolt over copper
3 meters
Average Latency of a 10,000 RPM HDD
3 ms
Sata 2
3.0 Gbit/s, 1 meter
What are the three voltages provided by the power supply in most systems?
3.3, 5, 12
TCP/IP addresses in the current version most heavily used today are ___________ bits long.
32
CPU Bits
32 bit - (Can handle 4GB of RAM) 64 bit - (
DIMM (dual inline memory module)
32- or 64-bit type of DRAM packaging with the distinction that each side of each tab inserted into the system performs a separate function. DIMMs come in a variety of sizes, with 184-, 240-, and 288-pin being the most common on desktop computers.
CardBus
32-bit PC cards that can support up to eight devices on each card. Electrically incompatible with earlier PC cards (3.3 V versus 5 V).
The PCI Interface supports which two bus widths?
32/64
What is the maximum wattage of an 8-pin connector that provides 12 volts of power to the central processing unit (CPU)?
336 watt
RDP
3389
How many channels must exist between two 802.11b frequency bands in order to avoid channel overlap?
4
How many disks are required to set up a RAID 10 (1+0( array)?
4
How many pins are contained in the Molex drive connector?
4
What is the maximum number of MIMO streams supported by 802.11n wireless standards?
4
IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
4 Mbit/s Line of sight, 1 meter
Molex Power Connector
4-pin Red 5v, Black ground, black ground, yellow 12v Used in case fans, IDE hard drives, optical drives.
Average Latency of 7200 RPM HDD
4.16 ms
DVD Sing Layer Capacity
4.7 GB
ATA33
40 Pins
Thunderbolt v3
40Gbit/s
SLP
427 service location protocol
HTTPS
443 HTTP with security
What is the maximum data transfer speed in the Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0 standard?
480 Mbps
USB 2.0
480 megabits pers second 5 meters
What is the maximum data transfer speed in the Universal Serial Bus (USB) 3.0 standard?
5 Gigabits per second (Gbps)
USB 3.0 Super Speed
5 gigabits per second 3 meters
Average Latency of 5400 RPM HDD
5.55 ms
Dual Layer Blu-Ray Capacity
50 GB
What is the largest sized Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) 0 partition you could create if you combined a 50 gigabyte (GB) drive with a 250 megabyte (MB) drive?
500 MB
What is blu-ray maximum storage?
50GB
DNS
53 Domain Naming system
AFP
548 apple filing protocol
What is the voltage provided by the USB standard?
5V
What is the cable limit for the USB 2.0 standard?
5m
PCIe Power Connector
6-pin, 12v version 2.1 8-pin, 12v version 2.2
How many pins does a FireWire 400 connector have?
6-pins
Sata 3
6.0 Gbit/s, 1 meter
Maximum distance of thunderbolt over optical
60 meters
Processor Temperature
60-75celsius 140-167F
What is the maximum data throughput supported by the 802.11n standard?
600 Mbps
What is the data path for modern memory which allows modules to be installed individually and provide 8 bytes of data transfer simultaneously?
64-bit
DDR Double Data Rate
64-bit wide bus (8bytes per second) Data Transfer Rate is: Clock Speed * bytes * 2 100MHz * 8 * 2 = 1600MB/s
How many pins are contained in the SATA data cable?
7
CD Capacity
700 MB
What is the typical CD capacity?
700MB
Color Depth used in windows
8-bit 256 16-bit 65,536 24-bit 16,777,216 32-bit 4,294,967,296
DVD Dual Layer Capacity
8.5 GB
HTTP
80 transfers webpages
ATA 66
80 Pins
What standard supports speeds up to 54 Mbps in the 5 GHz frequency band.
802.11a
Which IEEE wireless LAN standards is not compatible with the standard currently known as Wi-Fi
802.11a
Of the IEEE specifications listed, which ones are capable of operating at 54Mbps
802.11a, 802.11g, & 802.11n
What is capable of reaching transmission speeds of over 1 Gbps
802.11ac
What standard supports speeds up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
802.11b
What standard supports speeds up to 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
802.11g
Which Wi-Fi standard provides data transfer up to 54Mbps on the 2.4Ghz frequency range?
802.11g
Which wireless LAN standard remains backwards compatible with 802.11b, but specifies higher data rates?
802.11g
What standard supports speeds up to 600 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency ranges.
802.11n
Which wireless standard can transmit at speeds up to 500Mbps
802.11n
How many pins does a FireWire 800 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)1394B connector have?
9
Micro ATX Motherboard
9.6in by 9.6in to 6.75in by 6.75in Backawards compatible with ATX
How big is a microATX board?
9.6x9.6 inches
Loopback Address for IPv6
::1
multifactor authentication
Authentication schema requiring more than one unique authentication method. For example, a password and a fingerprint.
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Authentication wrapper that EAP-compliant applications can use to accept one of many types of authentication. While EAP is a general-purpose authentication wrapper, its only substantial use is in wireless networks.
DAC (Discretionary Access Control)
Authorization method based on the idea that there is an owner of a resource who may at his or her discretion assign access to that resource. DAC is considered much more flexible than mandatory access control (MAC).
What is DHCP?
Automate the IP address configuration process
What is APIPA?
Automatic Private IP Addressing Automatically assigned addresses 169.255.1.0 through 169.254.254.255
What Windows feature allows a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) client computer to configure itself automatically with an IP address in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 if no DHCP server is available?
Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA)
Which optical media has a maximum capacity on the original dual layer discs of 50GB?
Blu ray
BD-RE
Blu-Ray Disc Recordable Erasable
Blu-Ray
Blu-Ray Discs (BDs) Are used for HD and games and have a capacity of 25 to 128 GB (mini-discs 7.8 or 15.6 GB) and a write speed of 1x to 16x (36 Mb/s to 576 Mb/s).
BD-R
Blu-ray Disc Recordable
BD-ROM (Blu-ray Disc-Read Only Media)
Blu-ray Disc equivalent of a DVDROM or CD-ROM. (See Blu-ray Disc.)
BD-RE (Blu-ray Disc-REwritable)
Blu-ray Disc equivalent of the rewritable DVD, allows writing and rewriting several times on the same BD. (See Blu-ray Disc.)
BD-R (Blu-ray Disc-Recordable)
Blu-ray Disc format that enables writing data to blank discs.
Which choice below best describes the use of CompactFlash Device
CompactFlash Device is a SSD with no moving parts capable of storing data, images, music and more. They are popular in audio and video recording applications
Pearson VUE
Company that administers the CompTIA A+ exams.
ISP (Internet service provider)
Company that provides access to the Internet, usually for money.
ISO file
Complete copy (or image) of a storage media device, typically used for optical discs. ISO image files typically have a file extension of .iso.
Registry
Complex binary file used to store configuration data about a particular Windows system. To edit the Registry, users can use the applets found in the Control Panel or regedit.exe or regedt32.exe.
CMOS
Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
erase lamp
Component inside laser printers that uses light to make the coating of the photosensitive drum conductive.
Which one of the following cables produces the lowest quality of video output?
Composite
file server
Computer designated to store software, courseware, administrative tools, and other data on a LAN or WAN. It "serves" this information to other computers via the network when users enter their personal access codes.
video capture
Computer jargon for the recording of video information, such as TV shows or movies.
HDMI
Can carry out video and audio. A-Supports all HD modes, compatible with DVI-D B-Double-video bandwidth, supports higher resolutions C-Mini-HMDI, portable devices D-Micro-HDMI, smallest
(ECC) Error Correction Code
Can detect and correct errors. Slowest and most expensive RAM type. Can be disabled in BIOS.
sampling
Capturing sound waves in electronic format.
printhead
Case that holds the printwires in a dot-matrix printer.
What is the minimum cable type specified for 100baseTX
Cat 5
Which UTP category will support Gigabit Ethernet
Cat 6
Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 16 MHz?
Cat-3
Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 100 MHz?
Cat-5
Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 1 Gbps?
Cat-5E
Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 250 MHz and max 10Gbps?
Cat-6
Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 1 GHz?
Cat-7
What category of UTP is most commonly used and provides the ability to achieve 1Gbps transfer speeds?
Cat5e
CAT 5e
Category 5e wire; TIA/EIA standard for UTP wiring that can operate at up to 1 Gbps.
CAT 6
Category 6 wire; TIA/EIA standard for UTP wiring that can operate at up to 10 Gbps.
CAT 6a
Category 6a wire; augmented CAT 6 UTP wiring that supports 10GbE networks at the full 100-meter distance between a node and a switch.
Switch
Central connecting device that all computers connect to (Topology), sends the signals directly to the correct computers instead of broadcasting to all computers. Does this by identifying the MAC address. Common in 1Gb/s, 10Gb/s networks 1Gb/s is 802.3ab 10Gb/s is 802.3an
Which two hardware components would you suspect if a user reported to you that she frequently, but randomly, experiences shutdowns?
Central processing unit (CPU), power supply
The buffer surrounds the core and cladding and is usually made of plastic.
Coating
product key
Code used during installation to verify legitimacy of the software.
file
Collection of any form of data that is stored beyond the time of execution of a single job. A file may contain program instructions or data, which may be numerical, textual, or graphical information.
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
Collection of protocols that makes voice calls over a data network possible.
net
Command in Windows that enables users to view a network without knowing the names of the other computers on that network.
xcopy
Command in the command-line interface used to copy multiple directories at once, which the copy command could not do.
md (mkdir)
Command in the command-line interface used to create directories.
mkdir
Command in the command-line interface used to create directories.
del (erase)
Command in the command-line interface used to delete/erase files.
format
Command in the command-line interface used to format a storage device.
move
Command in the command-line interface used to move a file from one location to another.
rd (rmdir)
Command in the command-line interface used to remove directories.
ren (rename)
Command in the command-line interface used to rename files and folders.
dir
Command used in the command-line interface to display the entire contents of the current working directory.
Attrib.exe
Command used to view the specific properties of a file; can be also be used to modify or remove file properties, such as read-only, system, or archive.
Recovery Console
Command-line interface boot mode for Windows that is used to repair a Windows XP system suffering from massive OS corruption or other problems.
Windows PowerShell
Command-line tool included with Windows. Offers a number of powerful scripting tools for automating changes both on local machines and over networks.
expand
Command-line utility included with Windows that is used to access files within CAB files.
What are T568A, T568B, and T568C?
Commercial cabling standards
Which protocol allows users to open and share files over the Internet in native applications rather than just in web browsers?
Common Internet File System (CIFS)
Wi-Fi
Common name for the IEEE 802.11 wireless Ethernet standard.
CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)
Common remote access protocol; the serving system challenges the remote client, usually by means of asking for a password.
LPT port
Commonly referred to as a printer port; usually associated with a local parallel port.
broadband
Commonly understood as a reference to high-speed, always-on communication links that can move large files much more quickly than a regular phone line.
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
Communication over IP-based networks. Phone for the computer.
Which processor feature segregates memory areas for storage of code or of data for security purposes?
Disable execute bit
What should you do to protect your computer's components from a failing power supply?
Disconnect all the components before troubleshooting
What should you do to repair a drive acting sluggish?
Disk Defragmenter
What technique is employed in a Redundant Array of Independent Disks 1 (RAID 1) configuration to ensure that the controller card is not a single point of failure?
Disk duplexing
eliciting answers
Communication strategy designed to help techs understand a user's problems better. Works by listening to a user's description of a problem and then asking cogent questions.
www.comptia.org
CompTIA's Web site.
thick client
CompTIA's name for a standard desktop computer. Runs desktop appli- cations and meets recommended requirements for selected OS.
RAID 6
Disk striping with extra parity. Like RAID 5, but with more parity data. Requires five or more drives, but you can lose up to two drives at once and your data is still protected.
bootable disk
Disk that contains a functional operating system; can also be a floppy disk, USB thumb drive, or optical disc.
fdisk
Disk-partitioning utility used in DOS and Windows 9x systems.
DLP (digital light processing)
Display technology that reflects and directs light onto a display surface using micromechanically operated mirrors.
SRAM
Does not need to be refreshed. volatile faster than DRAM
DNS
Domain Name System
What service enables clients to locate the servers that host the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory?
Domain Name System (DNS)
Which database does the nslookup utility query for information about a host?
Domain Name System (DNS)
DNS
Domain Naming System
What 3 things must be specified on a workstation for DNS resolution?
Domain, Host, & IP Address
Which of the following is an example of an impact printer?
Dot Matrix
DDR2
Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM 2x the bus clock multiplier of DDR
DDR3
Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM 4x the bus clock multiplier of DDR
DDR
Double Data Rate SDRAM Twice the data rate of SDRAM
Which type of Random Access Memory (RAM) eventually replaced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) by transferring data twice per clock cycle?
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR SDRAM)
BitLocker Drive Encryption
Drive encryption software offered in high-end versions of Windows. BitLocker requires a special chip to validate hardware status and to ensure that the computer hasn't been hacked.
mount point
Drive that functions like a folder mounted into another drive.
unsigned driver
Driver that has not gone through the Windows Certification Program to ensure compatibility. The Windows Certification Program was formerly known as the Windows Hardware Quality Labs and the Microsoft Windows Logo Program.
DIMM
Dual Inline Memory Module Electrical contact are different on each size
Double-sided DIMMS are also referred to as?
Dual Rank
Printer Configuration settings:
Duplexing = printing on both sides Collating = printing multiple jobs in sequence Orientations = portrait or landscape Quality = DPI (600 or 1200) Dots per inch
IP addresses that are assigned to a node each time it connects to the network
Dynamic
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
What allows any number of internal addresses to share a pool of external addresses.
Dynamic Network Address Translation (DNAT)
there is not a one-to-one ratio of internal to external addresses. This basically means that any number of internal addresses can share a pool of external addresses.
Dynamic Network Address Translation (DNAT)
DRAM
Dynamic RAM Required constant refreshing to maintain data. Write once
What ports have a range of 49152 to 65535
Dynamic and private
Subnet Mask
EX: 255.255.255.0 defines which portion of the IP address is the network number and which portion is the individual host number. The 255's defines the network portion, while the 0 indicates the host number.
region code
Encoding that restricts you from playing DVD or Blu-ray Disc movies on a player that doesn't share the same region code.
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
Encrypted connection over the Internet between a computer or remote network and a private network.
What is SSH?
Encrypted remote console login
ARM
Energy-efficient processor design frequently used in mobile devices.
MFT (master file table)
Enhanced file allocation table used by NTFS. (See also FAT.)
PCI-X (PCI Extended)
Enhanced version of PCI, 64 bits wide. Typically seen in servers and high-end systems.
power conditioning
Ensuring and adjusting incoming AC wall power to as close to standard as possible. Most UPS devices provide power conditioning.
EPROM
Erasable PROM Write/Erase/Write again
Some memory modules, a DIMM for example, normally have an even number of hips on them. If you come across DIMM with an odd number of chips it means the memory is:
Error Correction Code(ECC)
File Systems
FAT32- USB exFAT- SD NTFS- Windows
Which utility must you use to prepare a disk or filesystem BEFORE you format it?
FDISK
If you install a new disk drive into a computer, but cannot access it, what must you do to make the disk accessible?
FDISK and FORMAT
Software on a non-volatile chip is called _______?
FIRMWARE
PGA 905
FM1 Release Date: 2011 CPUs: AMD 10h RAM: DDR3 dual-channel
Which socket type is designed to work with Athlon's X4 processor?
FM2
PGA 904
FM2 Release Date: 2012 CPUs: Piledriver RAM: DDR3 dual-channel
PGA 906
FM2+ Release Date: 2014 CPUs: Steamroller RAM: DDR3 dual-channel
What is Port 21?
FTP
distended capacitors
Failed capacitors on a motherboard, which tend to bulge out at the top. This was especially a problem during the mid-2000s, when capacitor manufacturers released huge batches of bad capacitors
Library
Feature in Windows 7 and later that aggregates folders from multiple locations and places them in a single, easy-to-find spot in Windows Explorer or File Explorer. Default libraries in Windows include Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos.
accelerometer
Feature in smartphones and tablets that rotates the screen when the device is physically rotated.
MIMO (multiple in/multiple out)
Feature of 802.11n devices that enables the simultaneous connection of up to four antennas, greatly increasing throughput. 802.11ac also uses MU-MIMO, which gives a WAP the capability to broadcast to multiple users simultaneously.
event auditing
Feature of Event Viewer's Security section that creates an entry in the Security Log when certain events happen, such as a user logging on.
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)
Feature of Windows that automatically assigns an IP address to the system when the client cannot obtain an IP address automatically.
Remote Assistance
Feature of Windows that enables users to give anyone control of his or her desktop over the Internet.
compatibility modes
Feature of Windows to enable software written for previous versions of Windows to operate in newer operating systems
chassis intrusion detection
Feature offered in some chassis that trips a switch when the chassis is opened.
quad-channel architecture
Feature similar to dual-channel RAM, but requiring four sticks instead of two.
Which type of Internet infrastructure is ideal for use in smaller areas where very high data exchange is a priority?
Fiber
Cables that use light
Fiber Optic
Of the media types listed, which has the highest bandwidth?
Fiber Optics
Which type of network cabling uses optical pulses of light instead of electrical signals?
Fiber optic
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
FTP
File Transfer Protocol Port 21
USB (universal serial bus)
General-purpose serial interconnect for keyboards, printers, joysticks, and many other devices. Enables hot-swapping of devices.
applet
Generic term for a program in the Windows Control Panel.
swipe
Gesture for mobile devices where you hold your finger on the screen and slide it across the screen, either right to left or top to bottom, depending on the type of application.
Memory Controller Chip
Gets data from the RAM to the CPU. The Go Between. Located in the CPU or northbridge.
1000BaseT
Gigabit Ethernet on UTP.
IoT Internet of Things
Global network of physical objects which have embedded processors that can communicate with computers across the internet.
Laptop Battery Alarms
Go to the battery area and the low battery notification
Ethic of Reciprocity
Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
printwires
Grid of tiny pins in a dot-matrix printer that strike an inked printer ribbon to produce images on paper.
Administrative Tools
Group of Control Panel applets, including Computer Management, Event Viewer, and Reliability and Performance Monitor.
LAN (local area network)
Group of computers connected via cabling, radio, or infrared that use this connectivity to share resources such as printers and mass storage.
triad
Group of three phosphors—red, green, blue—in a CRT.
Resource Pooling
Grouping of servers and infrastructure for use by multiple customers but in a way that is on-demand and scalable.
Web Server
Houses the website of the organization. Microsofts Internet information services Apache HTTP server (Linux) lighttpd (FreeBSD) iPlanet Web Server Sun (Oracle)
file format
How information is encoded in a file. Two primary types are binary (pictures) and ASCII (text), but within those are many formats, such as BMP and GIF for pictures. Commonly represented by a suffix at the end of the filename; for example, .txt for a text file or .exe for an executable.
What does the Repeat Delay setting in the Keyboard Properties dialog box control?
How long a key needs to be held down before characters repeats on the screen
What is the benefit of using plenum cable?
It does not give off poisonous gases when it burns.
What is the most defining quality of a face contact (FC) fiber optic connector?
It features a heavy duty ferrule in the center for more mechanical stability.
default gateway
In a TCP/IP network, the nearest router to a particular host. This router's IP address is part of the necessary TCP/IP configuration for communicating with multiple networks using IP.
Spyware
Malicious software either downloaded unwittingly from a website or installed along with some other third-party software.
Northbridge
Managed the connection between CPU and memory. May also connect high-end graphics such as PCIe
dual-scan passive matrix
Manufacturing technique for increasing display updates by refreshing two lines at a time.
Disadvantages of a laser printer
Many moving parts Requires memory int the printer Requires high voltages
EIDE (Enhanced IDE)
Marketing concept of hard drive-maker Western Digital, encompassing four improvements for IDE drives, including drives larger than 528 MB, four devices, increase in drive throughput, and non-hard drive devices.
DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
Max distance not part of standard 15 feet at 1920x1200 resolution
Bluetooth Radio Class 3
Maximum Power: 1 mW Range: 1 meter
Bluetooth Radio Class 1
Maximum Power: 100 mW Range: 100 meters
Bluetooth Radio Class 2
Maximum Power: 2.5 mW Range: 10 meters
work area
In a basic structured cabling network, often simply an office or cubicle that potentially contains a PC attached to the network
e-mail (electronic mail)
Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another via computer. Can also be sent automatically to a group of addresses (mailing list).
What is a defining quality of step index multimode fiber?
It contains a core surrounded by cladding, and uses total internal reflection to trap light.
A customer calls to say that the Windows desktop appears to be distorted. What could you do to try and isolate the problem?
Monitor can be malfunctioning & Boot computer to command prompts
Which component is most likely to use a DVI-D connection on the PC?
Monitor or video card
touchscreen
Monitor with a type of sensing device across its face that detects the location and duration of contact, usually by a finger or stylus.
Dynamic addresses
More common for a client computer Computer seeks out DHCP server so it can get its IP info automatically
Hypervisor type 1 (Bare Metal)
More efficient then type 2 hypervisor
flatbed scanner
Most popular form of consumer scanner; runs a bright light along the length of the tray to capture an image.
4G
Most popularly implemented as Long Term Evolution (LTE), a wireless data standard with theoretical download speeds of 300 Mbps and upload speeds of 75 Mbps.
What does the Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) protocol do?
Most recent version of a standard protocol for receiving e-mail.
Fiber Optic
Most secure cable Single mode is used over longer distances, 8-10microns Multi mode is 50-62.5 microns 1000Mb/10Gb networks 600 meters
Which PC component provides data communications for all other internal and external components?
Motherboard
BTX (Balanced Technology eXtended)
Motherboard form factor designed as an improvement over ATX.
FlexATX
Motherboard form factor. Motherboards built in accordance with the FlexATX form factor are very small, much smaller than microATX motherboards.
MPEG-4
Moving Pictures Experts Group standard of video and audio compression offering improved compression over MPEG-2.
MPEG-2
Moving Pictures Experts Group standard of video and audio compression offering resolutions up to 1280 × 720 at 60 frames per second.
migration
Moving users from one operating system or hard drive to another.
This is the process of modifying IP address information in the IP packet headers as they pass through a router.
NAT
The data light on a NIC card will come on when which of the following happens?
NIC starts receiving Data
Which filesystem would you use to support file compression on Windows 7
NTFSNew Technology File System)
filename
Name assigned to a file when the file is first written on a disk. Every file on a disk within the same folder must have a unique name. Filenames can contain any character (including spaces), except the following: \ / : * ? " < > |
Ethernet
Name coined by Xerox for the first standard of network cabling and protocols. Based on a bus topology
DE (desktop environment)
Name for the various user interfaces found in Linux distributions.
Which networking command allows you to confirm that the computer can connect to a Domain Name System (DNS) server and resolve an IP address for a given computer name?
Nslookup
bit depth
Number of colors a video card is capable of producing. Common bit depths are 16-bit and 32-bit, representing 65,536 colors and 16.7 million colors (plus an 8-bit alpha channel for transparency levels), respectively.
40-pin ribbon cable
PATA cable used to attach EIDE devices (such as hard drives) or ATAPI devices (such as optical drives) to a system. (See PATA.)
80-wire ribbon cable
PATA cable used to attach fast EIDE devices (such as ATA/100 hard drives) or ATAPI devices (such as optical drives) to a system. (See PATA.)
webcam
PC camera most commonly used for Internet video.
TWAIN (technology without an interesting name)
Programming interface that enables a graphics application, such as a desktop publishing program, to activate a scanner, frame grabber, or other image-capturing device.
Component Services
Programming tools in Windows for the sharing of data objects between programs.
Component Services
Programming tools in Windows for the sharing of data objects between programs.
rearview projector
Projector that shoots an image onto a screen from the rear. Rearview projectors are usually self-enclosed and very popular for TVs, but are virtually unheard of in the PC world.
safety goggles
Protective glasses that keep stuff out of your eyes.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
Protocol in the TCP/IP suite used with the command-line utility of the same name (arp) to determine the MAC address that corresponds to a particular IP address.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
Protocol that enables client hosts to request and receive TCP/IP settings automatically from an appropriately configured server.
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System)
Protocol that operates at the Session layer of the OSI seven-layer model. This protocol creates and manages connections based on the names of the computers involved.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Protocol used by many operating systems and applications to access directories.
Remote Desktop Protocol
Protocol used for Microsoft's Remote Desktop tool. Uses port 3389.
Which AMD processor uses the AM3 socket
Phenom II X6 black
RJ11
Phone cable 6 wires
persistence
Phosphors used in CRT screens continuing to glow after being struck by electrons, long enough for the human eye to register the glowing effect. Glowing too long makes the images smeary, and too little makes them flicker.
volume
Physical unit of a storage medium, such as tape reel or disk pack, that is capable of having data recorded on it and subsequently read. Also, a contiguous collection of cylinders or blocks on a disk that are treated as a separate unit.
bandwidth
Piece of the spectrum occupied by some form of signal, such as television, voice, or fax data. Signals require a certain size and location of bandwidth to be transmitted. The higher the bandwidth, the faster the signal transmission, allowing for a more complex signal such as audio or video. Because bandwidth is a limited space, when one user is occupying it, others must wait their turn. Bandwidth is also the capacity of a network to transmit a given amount of data during a given period.
PGA
Pin Grid Array (AMD)
Which of the following is the correct syntax for the command to ping another computer until you stop it manually?
Ping -t hostname
Limited connectivity?
Ping Localhost, then move outward and use ipconfig/all.
Why type of cabling must you run if you are to utilize the HVAC vents to run network lines?
Plenum rated cabling or plenum
All modern devices support __________________ so device drivers are loaded automatically and resources configured when the device is first connected to the system?
Plug and Play
flux reversal
Point at which a read/write head detects a change in magnetic polarity.
trackball
Pointing device distinguished by a ball that is rolled with the fingers.
Quality of Service (QoS)
Policies that control how much bandwidth a protocol, PC, user, VLAN, or IP address may use.
Which of the following is a common cause of low-quality image printing from a laser printer?
Poor-quality paper
ATX (Advance Technology Extended)
Popular mother form factor that generally replaced the AT form factor.
Print to file
Print to the driver, but save it as a file File will be in an output format specific to that printer Must copy the file to the printer: copy filename LPT1
If you see streaks on a printed page, which part of the printer needs to be cleaned?
Printer Heads
A machine with one or more printers connected to it. It can manage the print queues of several different devices
Printer Server
What tool is helpful in determining where a print job is faulting?
Printer Spooler
PCL (printer control language)
Printer control language created by HewlettPackard and used on a broad cross section of printers.
How does an Impact Printer work?
Printer head strikes a ribbon and the paper
dot-matrix printer
Printer that creates each character from an array of dots. Pins striking a ribbon against the paper, one pin for each dot position, form the dots. May be a serial printer (printing one character at a time) or a line printer.
dye-sublimation printer
Printer that uses a roll of heat-sensitive plastic film embedded with dyes, which are vaporized and then solidified onto specially coated paper to create a high-quality image.
thermal printer
Printer that uses heated printheads to create high-quality images on special or plain paper.
XPS (XML Paper Specification) print path
Printing subsystem in Windows. Has enhanced color management and good print layout fidelity.
How does an Inkjet Printer work?
Prints with very fine drops of ink
defragmentation (defrag)
Procedure in which all the files on a hard disk drive are rewritten on disk so that all parts of each file reside in contiguous clusters. The result is an improvement in disk speed during retrieval operations.
degauss
Procedure used to break up the electromagnetic fields that can build up on the cathode ray tube of a monitor; involves running a current through a wire loop. Most monitors feature a manual degaussing tool.
firmware upgrade
Process by which the BIOS of a motherboard can be updated to reflect patched bugs and added features. Performed, usually, through CMOS, though some motherboard manufacturers provide a Windows program for performing a firmware upgrade.
activation
Process of confirming that an installed copy of a Microsoft product (most commonly Windows or a Microsoft Office application) is legitimate. Usually done at the end of software installation.
calibration
Process of matching the print output of a printer to the visual output of a monitor.
NAT network address translation
Process of modifying IP addresses as information crosses a router. Hides an entire IP address space on the LAN.
multitasking
Process of running multiple programs or tasks on the same computer at the same time.
compression
Process of squeezing data to eliminate redundancies, allowing files to use less space when stored or transmitted.
A/V Sync
Process of synchronizing audio and video
A/V sync
Process of synchronizing audio and video.
burn
Process of writing data to a writable optical disc, such as a DVD-R.
Autodetection
Process through which new disks are automatically recognized by the BIOS.
escalate
Process used when person assigned to repair a problem is not able to get the job done, such as sending the problem to someone with more expertise.
Laser Printing Step 1
Processing Build the entire page into memory
Most important part of a Virtualization Workstation
Processor RAM (MAXIMUM CPU AND RAM)
Most important part of a Graphics/CAD/CAM workstation
Processor Video RAM (MAXIMUM RAM)
When you purchase a "boxed" processor from Intel, which of the choices will be in the kit?
Processor, cooling fan, and Thermal Kit
A power-on self-test (POST) card is used during POST to do what?
Produce diagnostic error codes
FM synthesis
Producing sound by electronic emulation of various instruments to more or less produce music and other sound effects.
Web browser
Program designed to retrieve, interpret, and display Web pages.
CMOS setup program
Program enabling you to access and update CMOS data. Also referred to as the System Setup Utility or BIOS setup.
browser
Program specifically designed to retrieve, interpret, and display Web pages.
virus
Program that can make a copy of itself without your necessarily being aware of it. Some viruses can destroy or damage files. The best protection is to back up files regularly.
Trojan horse
Program that does something other than what the user who runs the program thinks it will do. Used to disguise malicious code.
device driver
Program used by the operating system to control communications between the computer and peripherals
regedit.exe
Program used to edit the Windows Registry.
PROM
Programmable Read-Only Memory Programable ROM. Write once.
bug
Programming error that causes a program or a computer system to perform erratically, produce incorrect results, or crash. The term was coined when a real bug was found in one of the circuits of one of the first ENIAC computers.
msinfo32
Provides information about hardware resources, components, and the software environment. Also known as System Information.
Which of the following tasks are included as part of maintaining an impact printer?
Replacing the printhead and ribbon when necessary, and removing dust from the wheels in the tractor feed
Voltage
Representation of potential energy.
IPv6 Link Local Addresses
Required on every IPv6-enabled interface fe80::/10 with only one subnet allocated (all zeros) The last 64 bits are created with a modified EUI-64
Disadvantages of a thermal printer
Requires a specially coated paper Sensitive to light and heat Images degrades rapidly
RAM issue?
Reseat modules: clean with compressed air. Overheating? Try RAM heat sinks. BIOS beep codes or displayed errors? Consult motherboard docs and use POST card tester.
What should you do after periodic laser printer maintenance?
Reset the page count
DMA controller
Resides between the RAM and the devices and handles DMA requests.
native resolution
Resolution on an LCD monitor that matches the physical pixels on the screen.
USB Type-C (connector)
Reversible USB type cable that supports USB Super- Speed+ USB 3.1 with a top speed of 10 Gbps.
Which of the following devices would hold several expansion cards?
Riser
SATA (serial ATA)
Serialized version of the ATA standard that offers many advantages over PATA (parallel ATA) technology, including thinner cabling, keyed connectors, and lower power requirements.
SCSI chain
Series of SCSI devices working together through a host adapter.
beep codes
Series of audible tones produced by a motherboard during the POST. These tones identify whether the POST has completed successfully or whether some piece of system hardware is not working properly. Consult the manual for your particular motherboard for a specific list of beep codes.
program/programming
Series of binary electronic commands sent to a CPU to get work done.
The subnet mask provides what functionality in relation to the IP address?
Separates and distinguishes the network ID and host ID portions of the address
What type of cable use a miniDIN-4 connector?
Seperate S-video
Dual-Rail PSU
Seperates and limits the current through each wire to avoid overheating.
The IEEE 1394 interface is related to which type of bus?
Serial
To which of the available ports does an external modem attach?
Serial
SATA
Serial ATA uses a 15 pin power connector and 7-pin data connector. Rev 1 (1.5 Gb/s) Rev 2 (3 Gb/s) Rev 3 (6 Gb/s) Rev 3.2 (SATA express) (16 GB/s)
eSATA
Serial ATA-based connector for external hard drives and optical drives.
PCIe (PCI Express)
Serial communication - xl, x2, x4, x8, xl6, x32 lanes High performance for devices like high-end graphics adapters PCI Express throughput per-lane in each direction
COM port(s
Serial communications ports available on a computer. COMx is used to designate a uniquely numbered COM port such as COM1, COM2, etc.
ATAPI (ATA Packet Interface)
Series of standards that enables mass storage devices other than hard drives to use the IDE/ATA controllers. Popular with optical drives. (See EIDE.)
SMB
Server Message Block
SMB
Server Message Block Port 445 Port 137-139
What protocol helps share resources such as files, printers, and serial ports among computers.
Server Message Block (SMB)
Which protocol works on the Application layer and helps share resources such as files, printers, and serial ports among computers?
Server Message Block (SMB)
SLP
Service Location Protocol
maintenance kits
Set of commonly replaced printer components provided by many manufacturers.
algorithm
Set of rules for solving a problem in a given number of steps.
What must you do after replacing the paper spool on a thermal printer (before closing the unit)?
feed through the printer
rootkit
software designed to gain administrator level control over a computer system without being detected.
When install a processor fan, how is it attached
spring clamps
Networking connectors
twister pair (RJ45, RJ11)
What port does SNMP use?
udp/161
What port does DNS use?
udp/53
What port does DHCP use?
udp/67-68
UTM
unified threat management
IDS
intrusion detection system
IPS
intrusion prevention system
ping -n
pings the host a specific number of times.
ping -l
pings the host but specify the number of bytes per packet to be sent.
ping -t
pings the host until the command is stopped.
What device should you suspect if you smell a burning smell coming from the PC?
power supply
Virtualization workstations
powerful CPU and lots of Ram. Type 1 hypervisor is native or bare metal. Type 2 is hosted; runs on top of OS.
code
Set of symbols representing characters (e.g., ASCII code) or instructions in a computer program (a programmer writes source code, which must be translated into executable or machine code for the computer to use).
expansion bus
Set of wires going to the CPU, governed by the expansion bus crystal, directly connected to expansion slots of varying types (PCI, AGP, PCIe, etc.).
address bus
Set of wires leading from the CPU to the memory controller chip (traditionally the Northbridge) that enables the CPU to address RAM. Also used by the CPU for I/O addressing. On current CPUs with built-in memory controllers, the address bus refers to the internal electronic channel from the microprocessor to RAM, along which the addresses of memory storage locations are transmitted. Like a post office box, each memory location has a distinct number or address; the address bus provides the means by which the microprocessor can access every location in memory.
backside bus
Set of wires that connects the CPU to Level 2 cache. First appearing in the Pentium Pro, all modern CPUs have a backside bus. Some buses run at the full speed of the CPU, whereas others run at a fraction. Earlier Pentium IIs, for example, had backside buses running at half the speed of the processor. (See also frontside bus and external data bus.)
When you use your laser printer, the toner is not fused to the paper. What can you do to fix it?
Set the fuser mode for the paper
user profiles
Settings that correspond to a specific user account and may follow users regardless of the computers where they log on. These settings enable the user to have customized environment and security settings.
antistatic wrist strap
Special device worn around the wrist with a grounding connection designed to equalize electrical potential between a technician and an electronic device. Used to prevent electrostatic discharge.
dynamic disks
Special feature of Windows that enables users to span a single volume across two or more drives. Dynamic disks do not have partitions; they have volumes. Dynamic disks can be striped, mirrored, and striped or mirrored with parity.
CDDA (CD-Digital Audio)
Special format used for early CD-ROMs and all audio CDs; divides data into variable-length tracks. A good format to use for audio tracks but terrible for data because of lack of error checking.
cache (L1, L2, L3, etc.)
Special section of fast memory, usually built into the CPU, used by the onboard logic to store information most frequently accessed by the CPU.
ECC (error correction code)
Special software, embedded on hard drives, that constantly scans the drives for bad sectors.
SDK (software development kit)
Software that used to create custom applications or add features to existing applications on your mobile device.
digital zoom
Software tool to enhance the optical zoom capabilities of a digital camera.
DUN (Dial-up Networking)
Software used by Windows to govern the connection between the modem and the ISP.
LED (light-emitting diode)
Solid-state device that vibrates at luminous frequencies when current is applied.
SSD
Solid-state drive (flash-based)
SMB
TCP 445 NetBIOS 137-139 Server Message Block
What is the primary protocol that is used on the internet and LANs today?
TCP/IP
DNS (domain name service)
TCP/IP name resolution system that translates a host name into an IP address.
Processes
Tab in Task Manager that lists all running processes on a system. Frequently a handy tool for ending buggy or unresponsive processes.
Performance
Tab in Task Manager that tracks PC performance.
partition table
Table located in the boot sector of a hard drive that lists every partition on the disk that contains a valid operating system.
memory addressing
Taking memory address from system RAM and using it to address non-system RAM or ROM so the CPU can access it.
extension
Two, three, four, five, or more letters that follow a filename and identify the type of file. Common file extensions are .zip, .exe, .doc, .java, and .xhtml.
DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
Type of DRAM that makes two processes for every clock cycle. (See also DRAM.)
TFT (thin film transistor)
Type of LCD screen. (See also active matrix.)
16-bit (PC Card)
Type of PC Card that can have up to two distinct functions or devices, such as a modem/network card combination.
DDR4 SDRAM
Type of SDRAM that offers higher density and lower voltages than DDR3, and can handle faster data transfer rates. Maximum theoretical capacity of DDR4 DIMMs is up to 512 GB.
DDR2 SDRAM
Type of SDRAM that sends 4 bits of data in every clock cycle. (See also DDR SDRAM.)
DDR3 SDRAM
Type of SDRAM that transfers data at twice the rate of DDR2 SDRAM.
fingerprint lock
Type of biometric device that enables a user to unlock a mobile device using a fingerprint.
34-pin ribbon cable
Type of cable used by floppy disk drives.
If you attempt to connect to a known wireless network Service Set Identifier (SSID), but receive a message that the SSID is not found, what is the problem?
Someone has changed the access poin'ts SSD
Memory Stick
Sony's flash memory card format; rarely seen outside of Sony devices.
AC'97
Sound card standard for lower-end audio devices; created when most folks listened to stereo sound at best.
PCM (pulse code modulation)
Sound format developed in the 1960s to carry telephone calls over the first digital lines.
5.1 Speaker System
Speaker setup consisting of four satellite speakers plus a center speaker and a subwoofer.
7.1 Speaker System
Speaker setup consisting of six satellite speakers (two front, two side, two rear) plus a center speaker and a subwoofer.
2.1 speaker system
Speaker setup consisting of two stereo speakers combined with a subwoofer.
cache (disk)
Special area of RAM that stores the data most frequently accessed from the hard drive. Cache memory can optimize the use of your systems.
microATX (μATX)
Variation of the ATX form factor, which uses the ATX power supply. MicroATX motherboards are generally smaller than their ATX counterparts but retain all the same functionality.
microBTX
Variation of the BTX form factor. MicroBTX motherboards are generally smaller than their BTX counterparts but retain all the same functionality.
Thunderbolt
Ver 1 = 10 Gb/s and uses Display port Ver 2 = 20 Gb/s (Also uses Display port) Ver 3 = 40 Gb/s and uses USB Type C
Which computer configuration would benefit most from using multi-core processors and maximum RAM?
Virtualization
user interface
Visual representation of the computer on the monitor that makes sense to the people using the computer, through which the user can interact with the computer. This can be a graphical user interface (GUI) like Windows 7 or a command line interface like the Windows PowerShell or the Recovery Console.
virtual assistant
Voice-activated technology that responds to user requests for information. Virtual assistants can be used to search the Internet, make reminders, do calculations, and launch apps.
mirrored volume
Volume that is mirrored on another volume. (See also mirroring.)
T568A
W/G G W/O B W/B O W/Brown Brown
T568B
W/O O W/G Blue W/Blue G W/Brown Brown
A network connects a company branch in the United States to another branch in Germany. What type of network would best describe this?
WAN(Wide Area Network)
Which of the choices below correctly identifies the optional security mechanism that was specified by the 802.11 protocol in order to provide authentication and confidentiality in a wireless LAN environment?
WEP
What is the latest encryption standard for wireless communications that would utilize AES for encryption and protect connection keys using a passphrase?
WPA-2
What is the port range of 0 to 1,023 referred to as?
Well-Known Ports
ICS (Internet Connection Sharing)
Windows feature that enables a single network connection to be shared among several machines.
power options
Windows feature that enables better control over power use by cus- tomizing a balanced, power saver, or high-performance power plan.
netdom
built into windows server. manages active directory domains from the command line.
When installing a USB floppy disk drive the A: drive letter designation is established ________?
by the cable
Sound Cards
connect as x1 PCIe or PCI cards and normally have PC 99 color-coded 1/8" mini-jacks for I/O and speakers and optical I/Os known as S/PDIF. (Example: TOSLINK)
Switches
connect computers in a LAN.
microprocessor
"Brain" of a computer. Primary computer chip that determines relative speed and capabilities of the computer. Also called CPU.
In which situations should Continuous Aware Mode be configured on Wireless Lan Clients?
"Laptops that plugged in & Desktops that are plugged in."
How can you check your local TCP/IP connection
"PING localhost & PING 127.0.0.1"
Which of the following devices have similar looking connectors?
"SCSI Scanner & Parallel Port"
At the maximum segment length of 15 Feet, IEEE 1394 supports which max length?
"Standard Firewire 400mbps IEEE 1394b 800 mbps"
Which one of the following ports will most often be used to connect a digital camera to a computer?
"USB & Firewire 1392 IEEE"
CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing
"cider", changing the subnet mask from the default to create a new network name. EX: 10.52.128.201/16 routing prefix is /16, which means 16 masked bits. So, subnet mask is 255.255.0.0 since each space is 8 bits. so Network portion is 10.52 and the host portion is 128.201
Mac
(Also Macintosh.) Common name for Apple Computers' flagship operating system; runs on Intel-based hardware. CompTIA refers to the operating system as Mac OS X. Apple calls the current operating system OS X, dropping the Mac altogether.
Blu-ray Disc
(BD) Optical disc format that stores 25 or 50 GB of data, designed to be the replacement media for DVD. Competed with HD DVD.
Coaxial
(F-Connector, BNC)
USB 1.1
(Full Speed) runs at 12 Mb/s with a max cable length of 3 meters
USB 2.0
(High Speed) runs at 480 Mb/s with aa max cable length of 5 meters.
Which standard is designed to provide voice, video, and data transmission over a digital telephone network.
(ISDN) Integrated Services Digital Network
MPA
(Microsoft Product Activation)
NAT
(Network Address Translation): process of modifying an IP address as it crosses a router. Translates from one network to another.
Which protocol provides strong authentication methods and secure communications over insecure channels to allow users to execute commands and manage files
(Secured Shell)SSH
USB 3.1
(Super Speed +) runs at 10 Gb/s.
USB 3.0
(Super Speed) runs at 5 Gb/s.
IEEE 1394A
(aka FireWire) runs at 400 MB/s
USB 1.1 Low Speed
1.5 megabits per second 3 Meters
DDR2 RAM
1.8v
Thunderbolt v1
10 Gbit/s per channel, 20 Gbit/s total throughput
The Laser-Printing imaging process
1. Processing 2. Charging 3. Exposing 4. Developing 5. Transferring 6. Fusing 7. Cleaning
568B Standard
1. White/Orange 2. Orange 3. White/green 4. Blue 5. White/blue 6. Green 7. White/brown 8. Brown
What is the maximum data transfer speed in the Universal Serial Bus (USB) 3.1 standard?
10 Gbps
Which of the following is an example of a network address that is using the classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) addressing method?
192.168.1.100/21
If you are connected to the internet through a Hot Spot, what connection speed can you generally anticipate?
2 - 11 Mbps
eSATA distance
2 meters
workgroup
A simple, decentralized network that Windows PCs are configured to use by default.
system fan
Any fan controlled by the motherboard but not directly attached to the CPU.
Nonvolatile
Any information stored will not be lost when cut off.
BIOS
(basic input/output services) (basic input/output system) Classically, software routines burned onto the system ROM of a PC. More commonly seen as any software that directly controls a particular piece of hardware. A set of programs encoded in read-only memory (ROM) on computers. These programs handle startup operations and low-level control of hardware such as disk drives, the keyboard, and monitor.
During laser printing, what charge is placed on the drum during the conditioning phase?
-600V
Steps before installing Expansion Cards
-Check motherboard documentation to determine number and type of slots -Check adapter card documentation for hardware and software requirements -Use ESD strap, anti-static bag, and other electrostatic discharge precautions -Confirm driver installation through Windows Device Manager
CAT 5
...
CNR (communications and networking riser)
...
dd Linux command for copying entire block volumes.
...
How many devices per channel does a SATA connection support?
1
What is the maximum number of MIMO streams supported by 802.11g wireless standards?
1
Bluetooth 1.2 Data Rate
1 Mbit/s
How many bytes are in an octet?
1 byte (8 bits)
When a parallel port communicates information to a device, how is it done?
1 byte at a time
DDR3 DIMM
1.2v 240 pins Not backwards compatible with DDR2
Sata 1
1.5 Gbit/s, 1 meter
What is the typical maximum download speed for a regular Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection?
1.5 Mbps
What are the only three channels in the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi spectrum that do NOT overlap with each other?
1, 6, and 11
Bluetooth Classes
1- 100mW, 100m 2- 2.5mW, 10m 3- 1mW, 1m
Thunderbolt
1- 10Gb/s, DisplayPort 2- 20Gb/s, DisplayPort 3- 30Gb/s. USB Type-C
Wireless Ethernet versions, including their name, data transfer rate, frequency, and modulation used:
1. 802.11a, 54Mb/s, 5 GHz 2. 802.11b, 11 Mb/s, 2.4 GHz 3. 802.11g, 54 Mb/s, 2.4 GHz 4. 802.11n, 300/600 Mb/s, 5 and 2.4 GHz 5. 802.11ac, 1.7 Gb/s and beyond 5 GHz
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
10 Meters
Class A Private IP address range
10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
Magnetic Tape Capacity
100 GB to multiple TB/cartridge
What is the cable length limitation for Ethernet network cables?
100m
What is the maximum number of FireWire busses that can be linked together?
1024
Throughput of PCI-X
1064 MB/s
POP3
110 Post office protocol 3 retrieves email
USB 1.1 Full Speed
12 megabits per second 5 meters
What is the typical voltage provided by an office or home receptacle
120 VAC
U.S. power standards
120 volts AC 5 volts DC (Most of the internal power connections)
How many devices are supported by the USB 3.0 standard?
127
How many devices can the USB interface support
127
Maximum number of USB ports
127
The reserved IP address that is used to refer to yourself is?
127.0.0.1
Built in loop-back address for IPv4
127.0.0.1 Class A
IPv6
128 bit system, 340 undecillion theoretical addresses more secure, 4billion bytes max.
ATX Motherboard
12in by 9.6in +3.3V +5V +12V -12V outputs 5V standby output 24-Pin power connector
ATX
12v 2.x power supplies connect to the motherboard by way of 24-pin cable + 4-pin/8-pin for CPU and 6- or 8-pin for PCIe video.
How big is an ATX board?
12x9.6 Inches
What is the maximum throughput of the PCI bus?
132 Mb/sec
Throughput of PCI
133 MB/s to 533 MB/s
FireWire 800 (Beta Mode)
1394b 800 Mbit/s full duplex Optical connections -100 meters max
The 802.11b and 802.11g specifications define 14 channels within the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band. Each channel is composed of a range of frequencies transmitting at low power, rather than a single frequency transmitting at high power.
14
IMAP
143 enables messages to remain on email server
How many pins are on a VGA monitor?
15
What is the maximum supported distance of a single FireWire segment?
15 Ft
SATA Power Connector
15-pin 3.3v orange, 5v red, 12v yellow Serial ATA hard drives and optical drives.
SATA power connector
15-pin, L-shaped connector used by SATA devices that support the hot-swappable feature.
VGA
15pin, usually blue, known as DE15
Unicode
16-bit code that covers every character of the most common languages, plus several thousand symbols.
Pins on SDRAM
168
Which of the following addresses are assigned with Windows Automatic IP addressing?
169.254.1.22
What is the maximum capacity of a double-sided dual layer digital versatile disc (DVD)?
17.1 GB
Pins on a Micro DIMM DDR SDRAM
172
Class B Private IP address range
172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
Select the public IPv4 address space from the choices provided
173.16.0.0 - 173.31.255.255
Pins on DDR SDRAM
184
DDR DIMM
184 pins special placed notch so not backwards compatible
What is the maximun wattage of an 4-pin 12-volt ?
192 Watts
Class C Private IP address range
192.168.0.0-192-168.255.255
subnet masks
A 1-126, 255.0.0.0 = net.node.node.node B 128-191, 255.255.00 = net.net.node.node C 192-223, 255.255.255.0 = net.net.net.node
Nano-ITX
A 4.7 inch by 4.7 inch variation of the ITX form factor.
multiple Desktops
A GUI feature that enables a computer to have more than one Desktop, each with its own icons and background. Mac OS X supports multiple Desktops with Spaces. Most Linux distros use multiple Desktops, often called workspaces. Microsoft introduced the feature with Windows 10.
FAT64 (exFAT)
A Microsoft-proprietary file system that breaks the 4-GB filesize barrier, supporting files up to 16 exabytes (EB) and a theoretical partition limit of 64 zettabytes (ZB). Envisioned for use with flash media devices with a capacity exceeding 2 TB.
RAID 0+1
A RAID 0 configuration created by combining two RAID 1s. Provides both speed and redundancy, but requires at least four disks.
RAID 1+0
A Stripe of Mirrors Stripe file blocks across mirrored drives High disk space utilization High redundancy Minimum of 4 drives
Jump List
A Windows 7 menu that shows context-sensitive information about whatever is on the taskbar.
bootrec
A Windows Recovery Environment troubleshooting and repair tool that repairs the master boot record, boot sector, or BCD store. It replaces the fixboot and fixmbr Recovery Console commands used in Windows XP and earlier operating systems.
Windows XP Mode
A Windows XP virtual machine that ships with Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions of Windows 7 to enable users to run programs that don't work on Windows 7.
Authorization
Any method a computer uses to determine what an authenticated user can do
dock
A bar at the bottom of the Mac OS X desktop where application icons can be placed for easy access.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
A block cipher created in the late 1990s that uses a 128-bit block size and a 128-, 192-, or 256-bit key size. Practically uncrackable.
What networking device is software-based and makes decisions about whether to forward a packet based on whether the destination is part of the same LAN or another LAN?
A bridge
protective cover
A case or sleeve that protects a mobile device from physical damage.
prompt
A character or message provided by an operating system or program to indicate that it is ready to accept input.
triple-channel architecture
A chipset feature similar to dual-channel RAM, but requiring three matched sticks instead of two.
access control list (ACL)
A clearly defined list of permissions that specifies what actions an authenticated user may perform on a shared resource.
In which type of network model are file sharing and authentication services centrally managed?
A client-server model
What is the most accurate description of an F-connector?
A coaxial connector used to connect cable TV and FM antenna cables
bcdedit
A command-line tool that enables you to view the BCD store, which lists the Windows boot options.
remote network installation
A common method of OS installation where the source files are placed in a shared directory on a network server. Then, whenever a tech needs to install a new OS, he or she can boot the computer, connect to the source location on the network, and start the installation from there
virtual machine (VM)
A complete environment for a guest operating system to function as though that operating system were installed on its own computer.
What type of printer produces images from melted ink sticks?
A solid ink printer
Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
A special set of tools in the Windows setup that enables you to access troubleshooting and repair features.
Authentication
Any method a computer uses to determine who can access it .
Web server
A computer that stores and shares the files that make up Web sites.
frame
A data unit transferred across a network. Frames consist of several parts, such as the sending and receiving MAC addresses, the data being sent, and the frame check sequence.
When TCP/IP communications need to be routed to systems on other networks, the protocol directs the packets to a special address known as what?
A default gateway
bridge
A device that connects two networks and passes traffic between them based only on the node address, so that traffic between nodes on one network does not appear on the other network. For example, an Ethernet bridge only looks at the MAC address. Bridges filter and forward packets based on MAC addresses and operate at Level 2 (Data Link layer) of the OSI seven-layer model.
Since sound capabilities are typically now built into the motherboard, what additional feature is often built into sound cards to help consumers justify buying them?
A digital output port
Which of the following is NOT a cause of vertical lines on a laser printer output?
A dirty fuser roller
chain of custody
A documented history of who has been in possession of a system.
digitally signed driver
A driver designed specifically to work with Windows that has been tested and certified by Microsoft to work stably with Windows.
When you power on a computer, you hear two beeps during power-on self-test (POST) and the computer never completely boots into the operating system. What is the likely cause?
A failed or failing hardware component.
ITX
A family of motherboard form factors. Mini-ITX is the largest and the most popular of the ITX form factors but is still quite small.
Mission Control
A feature of Mac OS X that enables switching between open applications, windows, and more.
data roaming
A feature of cellular data systems that enables the signal to jump from cell tower to cell tower and from your provider to another provider without obvious notice.
eMMC (embedded MMC)
A form of embedded flash memory widely seen in mobile devices.
MDM (mobile device management)
A formalized structure that enables an organization to account for all the different types of devices used to process, store, transmit, and receive organizational data.
punchdown tool
A specialized tool for connecting UTP wires to a punchdown block.
distribution (distro)
A specific variant of Linux.
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
A standard included on many WAPs and clients to make secure connections easier to configure.
URL (uniform resource locator)
An address that defines the location of a resource on the Internet. URLs are used most often in conjunction with HTML and the World Wide Web.
Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP)
An advanced IT certification specifically covering Microsoft products.
Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
A hardware platform for the acceleration of cryptographic functions and the secure storage of associated information.
Which networking device sends data to all connected devices to it and lacks the intelligence to determine the best path for data packets?
A hub
CMOS clear
A jumper on the motherboard that, when set, will revert CMOS settings to the factory defaults.
drive letter
A letter designating a specific drive or partition.
DMZ (demilitarized zone)
A lightly protected or unprotected subnet network positioned between an outer firewall and an organization's highly protected internal network. DMZs are used mainly to host public address servers (such as Web servers).
profile
A list of settings that a calibration device creates when calibrating monitors and printers.
PRL (Preferred Roaming List)
A list that is occasionally and automatically updated to a phone's firmware by the carrier so that the phone will be configured with a particular carrier's networks and frequencies, in a priority order, that it should search for when it can't locate its home carrier network.
What is meant by an ad-hoc network?
A local network that is formed spontaneously as devices connect
An external USB hard drive would typically have its own power supply and a USB cable described as?
A male to B male
air filter mask
A mask designed to keep users from inhaling particulate matter, as when cutting drywall.
NAT (Network Address Translation)
A means of translating a system's IP address into another IP address before sending it out to a larger network. NAT manifests itself by a NAT program that runs on a system or a router. A network using NAT provides the systems on the network with private IP addresses. The system running the NAT software has two interfaces: one connected to the network and the other connected to the larger network. The NAT program takes packets from the client systems bound for the larger network and translates their internal private IP addresses to its own public IP address, enabling many systems to share a single IP address.
liquid cooling
A method of cooling a PC that works by running some liquid— usually water—through a metal block that sits on top of the CPU, absorbing heat. The liquid gets heated by the block, runs out of the block and into something that cools the liquid, and is then pumped through the block again.
What would a 3-pin Molex KK connector be used to power?
A motherboard fan
You recently built a computer from components and all of the components are known to be good; however, when you power on the new system, you have power but no Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) beeps and the system won't attempt to boot. All of your connections to the components are verified as good and all the components are installed correctly. What do you check as the mostly likely source of the malfunction?
A motherboard-to-case short
What single component is required for a device to connect to a network?
A network interface card (NIC)
DFS (distributed file system)
A storage environment where shared files are accessed from storage devices within multiple servers, clients, and peer hosts.
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
A network technology that runs at speeds between 25 and 622 Mbps using fiber-optic cabling or CAT 5 or better UTP.
hybrid
A network topology that combines features from multiple other topologies, such as the star-bus topology.
broadcast
A network transmission addressed for every node on the network.
Action Center
A one-page aggregation of event messages, warnings, and maintenance messages in Windows 7.
In which of the following scenarios is Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) NOT effective?
A sudden, catastrophic disk failure
Which networking device is hardware-based rather than software-based and forwards packets to only the destination port based on media access control (MAC) addresses?
A switch
Which statement about Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) connectors is true?
All SATA cables have seven-pin connectors.
multi rail
A power supply configuration where the current is split into multiple pathways, each with a maximum capacity and its own Over Current Protection circuitry. CompTIA calls two-rail versions of this technology "dual rail."
app
A program for a tablet or smartphone. Also, a program written for the Windows 8 Metro interface.
command
A request, typed from a terminal or embedded in a file, to perform an operation or to execute a particular program.
Which of the following devices is example of a wireless access point (WAP)?
A router
proprietary crash screen
A screen, differing between operating systems, that indicates an NMI.
Network Controller
A server that acts as a central repository of user accounts and computer accounts on the network. All users log into this server. Authentication server
What happens to any files that are open during a Windows Backup that includes those files?
A shadow copy is made and then backed up.
thin client
A system designed to handle only very basic applications with an abso- lute minimum amount of hardware required by the operating system. Meets minimum requirements for selected OS.
What happens during the developing step of the laser printing process?
A thin layer of toner is attracted to the areas of the drum that were hit by the laser light.
What device emits a beeping sound when it detects a signal in a pair of wires?
A tone probe
File Explorer
A tool in Windows 8/8.1/10 that enables users to browse files and folders.
DB-15 connector
A two- or three-row D-sub connector (female) used for 10Base5 networks, MIDI/joysticks, and analog video.
DB-9
A two-row DB connector (male) used to connect the computer's serial port to a serial-communication device such as a modem or a console port on a managed switch.
unattended installation
A type of OS installation where special scripts perform all the OS setup duties without human intervention.
transistor-transistor logic (TTL)
A type of digital circuit found in early digital monitors.
mirror set
A type of mirrored volume created with RAID 1. (See also mirroring.)
64-bit processing
A type of processing that can run a compatible 64-bit operating system, such as Windows 7, 8, 8.1, or 10 and 64-bit applications. PCs have a 64-bit-wide address bus, enabling them to use more than 4 GB of RAM.
peripheral
Any device that connects to the system unit.
When troubleshooting drive errors, such as read and write errors, you might find that your hardware checks out as fully functional, but you still experience errors. What do you look at as the probable cause of the errors?
A virus infection
wide area network (WAN)
A widespread group of computers connected using long-distance technologies.
Private IP ranges
A, 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 B, 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 C, 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
The primary internal component within a CPU that performs the calculations is known as what?
ALU or Arithmetic Logic Unit
What was designed for Phenom II processors.
AM3
AMD Sockets
AM3 AM3+ FM1 FM2 FM2+
PGA 941
AM3 Release Date: 2009 CPUs: Athlon II/Phenom II RAM: DDR2/DDR3 dual-channel
What is a modification of the AM3 socket with an additional pin for AMD Bulldozer processors. It is backwards compatible with AM3 processors.
AM3+
PGA 942
AM3+ Release Date: 2011 CPUs: Athlon II/Phenom II RAM: DDR3 dual-channel
Which motherboard allows you to to turn off the computer via software?
ATX
Which of the following form factors is recognized for both cases and motherboards?
ATX
Rapid Elasticity
Ability to build your cloud-based network.
What would installing a cellular card allow a computer to do?
Access 3G or 4G networks
Fast User Switching
Account option that is useful when multiple users share a system; allows users to switch without logging off.
SATA bridge
Adapter that allows PATA devices to be connected to a SATA controller.
An application has installation requirements of 1GB Ram, 2MB video memory and 15GB HD space. When you try to install the program on your laptop, it displays an error message, "Insufficient memory". You know for a fact that your system has exactly 4GB of RAm and your video card is set at 2GB. There is more than 250GB free HD available. What will resolve this error?
Add more RAM
What can you do to be certain that the wattage of a power supply will meet the needs of a computer?
Add up the power requirements of the components that the computer will use.
IP address conflicts can occur on a network when system administrators do what to workstations without performing some preparative work on the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server?
Adding static IP Addresses
What is the purpose of TPM?
Adds advanced cryptographic functions. It is used by full disk encryption software.
administrative shares
Administrator tool to give local admins access to hard drives and system root folders.
USMT (User State Migration Tool)
Advanced application for file and settings transfer of multiple users.
Power Users group
After Administrator/Administrators, the second most power- ful account and group type in Windows. Power users have differing capabilities in differ- ent versions of Windows.
establish a plan of action and implement the solution
After establishing and testing a theory about a particular problem, techs solve the problem. (Step 4 of 6 in the CompTIA troubleshooting theory.)
establish a theory of probable cause
After identifying a problem, techs question the obvious to determine what might be the source of the problem. (Step 2 of 6 in the CompTIA troubleshooting theory.)
EULA (End User License Agreement)
Agreement that accompanies a piece of software, to which the user must agree before using the software. Outlines the terms of use for the software and also lists any actions on the part of the user that violate the agreement.
protocol
Agreement that governs the procedures used to exchange information between cooperating entities. Usually includes how much information is to be sent, how often it is to be sent, how to recover from transmission errors, and who is to receive the information.
CFS (Common File System)
Along with CFS (Command File System), this term is found in the Acronym List of the CompTIA A+ learning objectives, and nowhere else. After diligent research, your intrepid author has not found a satisfactory reference to this alleged technology and believes that your ability to recognize that CFS can stand for Common File System will be sufficient knowledge to pass any exam questions about this topic on the corresponding test. —Mike Meyers
CFS (Command File System)
Along with CFS (Common File System), this term is found in the Acronym List of the CompTIA A+ learning objectives, and nowhere else. After diligent research, your intrepid author has not found a satisfactory reference to this alleged technology and believes that your ability to recognize that CFS can stand for Command File System will be sufficient knowledge to pass any exam questions about this topic on the corresponding test. —Mike Meyers
ATA/ATAPI-6
Also known as ATA-6 or "Big Drive." Replaced the INT13 extensions and allowed for hard drives as large as 144 petabytes (144 million GB).
latency
Amount of delay before a device may respond to a request; most commonly used in reference to RAM.
link light
An LED on NICs, hubs, and switches that lights up to show good connection between the devices.
activity light
An LED on a NIC, hub, or switch that blinks rapidly to show data transfers over the network.
What type of cable is used to connect a cable modem to a wall jack that provides a signal from a cable provider?
An RG-6 cable with an F-connector
My Computer
An applet that enables users to access a complete listing of all fixed and removable drives contained within a system and to view/manage configuration properties of the computer. Also, an aspect of Windows Explorer.
BYOD (bring your own device)
An arrangement in some companies' IT departments where employees are permitted to use their own phones or other mobile devices instead of company-issued ones. Also, a feature of some wireless carriers where you can buy an unsubsidized device and use it to get cheaper wireless rates.
DDOS (distributed denial of service)
An attack on a computer or network device in which multiple computers send data and requests to the device in an attempt to overwhelm it so that it cannot perform normal operations.
DoS (denial of service)
An attack on a computer resource that prevents it from performing its normal operations, usually by overwhelming it with large numbers of requests in an effort to monopolize its resources.
Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI)
An efficient way for motherboardsmother- boards to work with SATA host bus adapters. Using AHCI unlocks some of the advanced features of SATA, such as hot-swapping and native command queuing.
Lightning
An eight-pin connector, proprietary to Apple, that can be inserted without regard to orientation. Used to connect mobile devices to a power or data source.
microphone
An input device for recording audio.
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
An older 32/64-bit expansion slot designed by Intel specifically for video that ran at 66 MHz and yielded a throughput of at least 254 Mbps. Later versions (2×, 4×, 8×) gave substantially higher throughput.
Thunderbolt
An open standards connector interface that is primarily used to con- nect peripherals to devices, including mobile devices, if they have a corresponding port.
In an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address, what does a double-colon represent?
An unbroken string of zero values
Line of sight
An unobstructed view between two devices. Required for IR communications.
An inbound modem converts
Analog to digital
file allocation unit
Another term for cluster. (See also cluster.)
Multipath Propagation
Antennas receive radio signals on two or more paths. MIMO- which is part of n and ac 802.11, multiple input and output
FRU (field replaceable unit)
Any part of a PC that is considered to be replaceable "in the field," i.e., a customer location. There is no official list of FRUs—it is usually a matter of policy by the repair center.
mode
Any single combination of resolution and color depth set for a system.
system disk
Any storage device with a bootable operating system.
removable media
Any storage on a computer that can be easily removed. For example, optical discs, flash drives, or memory cards.
unauthorized access
Anytime a person accesses resources in an unauthorized way. This access may or may not be malicious.
Trojan Horse
Appears to perform desired functions but is actually performing malicious functions behind the scenes
AFP
Apple Filing Protocol
AFP
Apple Filing Protocol Port 548 (or 427)
iCloud
Apple cloud-based storage. iCloud enables a user to back up all iPhone or iPad data, and makes that data accessible from anywhere. This includes any media purchased through iTunes and calendars, contacts, reminders, and so forth.
Boot Camp
Apple tool used to install and boot to versions of Windows on a Mac OS X computer.
App Store
Apple's mobile software storefront, where you can purchase apps for your smartphone, tablet, or other Apple products
Add or Remove Programs
Applet allowing users to add or remove a program manually to or from a Windows system.
User Accounts applet
Applet in Control Panel that enables you to make changes to current accounts (local or global), and gives you access to the Settings charm (or app in Windows 10) when you opt to add a new account.
Performance Information and Tools
Applet that provides a relative feel for how your computer stacks up against other systems using the Windows Experience Index
How does a Thermal Printer work?
Applies heat to special paper
DMZ demilitarized zone
Area between the internet and LAN.
print spooler
Area of memory that queues up print jobs that the printer will handle sequentially.
track
Area on a hard drive platter where data is stored. A group of tracks with the same diameter is called a cylinder.
queue
Area where objects wait their turn to be processed. Example: the print queue, where print jobs wait until it is their turn to be printed.
The outer jacket wraps and protects the entire cable and is sometimes
Armor
How does the evolution in display device technology relate to energy efficiency and cost?
As technology evolves, display devices tend to use less energy, but cost more.
If you set up your Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server to resolve Internet Protocol (IP) address conflicts, which of the following problems does this action resolve?
Assignment of duplicate IP addresses
To ensure the highest compatibility and support for time sensitive data transmission, IEEE 1394 supports which of the transmission method
Asynchronous & Isychronous
What term refers to the reduction in signal strength over the distance of a cable?
Attenuation
Archive Attribute
Attribute of a file that shows whether the file has been backed up since the last change. Each time a file is opened, changed, or saved, the archive bit is turned on. Some types of backups turn off this archive bit to indicate that a good backup of the file exists on tape.
CD quality
Audio quality that has a sample rate of 44.4 KHz and a bit rate of 128 bits.
CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)
Authentication challenge using images, videos, sounds, or other media to be identified by a user. Computers have a much more difficult time discerning the content of these tests than humans, making the challenge useful in determining if a human or a computer is attempting access.
Kerberos
Authentication encryption developed by MIT to enable multiple brands of servers to authenticate multiple brands of clients.
BD-R vs BD-RE
BD-R (Recordable) Can write a disc once. BD-RE (Recordable/Erasable) Erased and recorded many times.
Regarding Blu-Ray technology, which statement is most accurate
BD-R has a maximum capacity of 250MB per layer
What is processed first?
BIOS
What is the software that is used to start your computer?
BIOS
Where are the instructions to start the computer system stored?
BIOS
Intrusion Detection
BIOS notifies you when the computer has been opened
Supervisor Password
BIOS password needed to make configuration changes
User Password
BIOS password needed to start the computer
APM (Advanced Power Management)
BIOS routines (developed by Intel in 1992 and upgraded over time) that enable the CPU to turn on and off selected peripherals. In 1996, APM was supplanted by Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI).
Which of the following is a boot sector repair tool for Windows computers that have failed to boot properly?
BOOTREC
daily backup
Backup of all files that have been changed on that day without changing the archive bits of those files. Also called daily copy backup.
antistatic bag
Bag made of antistatic plastic into which electronics are placed for temporary or long-term storage. Used to protect components from electrostatic discharge.
UPC (Universal Product Code)
Bar code used to track inventory
Capturing pertinent statistical information about the network behavior over a period of time to determine what is normal operational behavior is called?
Baselining
two types of disk Windows support?
Basic & Dynamic
BIOS
Basic Input Output System Resides on an EEPROM chip Identifies and tests components
BIOS
Basic Input/Output System
packet
Basic component of communication over a network. Group of bits of fixed maximum size and well-defined format that is switched and transmitted as a single entity through a network. Contains source and destination address, data, and control information.
Print Server
Basic servers that take control of multiple printers on the network.
Which laptop component is the most likely to need replacing?
Battery
Li-Ion (Lithium-Ion)
Battery commonly used in portable computing devices. Li-Ion batteries don't suffer from the memory effects of Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries and provide much more power for a greater length of time.
What type of connector is found at the end of an RG-58A cable?
Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC)
What event usually confirms the completion of POST
Beep
If you replace a central processing unit (CPU) and then the computer will not function afterward, which of the following should you look for when troubleshooting?
Bent or broken pins on the CPU
What type of connector does a floppy disk controller use?
Berg
machine language
Binary instruction code that is understood by the CPU.
Common Motherboard Problems
Boots to BIOS instead of OS. (Could be a faulty CMOS Battery) Intermittent Issues, Blue Screen of Death (Usually ESD or electrical Issues) Component Failures such as SATA ports (Very pricey to add a new one) Manufacturer Defects
What type of transmission uses analog communication to divide the cable into series of channels?
Broadband
A data pathway in a computer system is referred to as what?
Bus
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
Cloud-hosted provider of virtualized servers and networks.
Optical Storage
CD DVD Blue Ray
CD-R (CD-recordable)
CD technology that accepts a single "burn" but cannot be erased after that one burn.
CD-RW (CD-rewritable)
CD technology that accepts multiple reads/writes like a hard drive.
music CD-R
CD using a special format for home recorders. Music CD-R makers pay a small royalty to avoid illegal music duplication.
Drive Speeds
CD- 150KB/s per x DVD- 1.32MB/s per x Blue Ray- 4.5MB/s per x SATA 1.0- 150MB/s
CD Recording technologies
CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) 48x or 52x (7.2MB/s) CD-RW (Re-writable) 24x (3.6MB/s), 32x (4.8MB/s)
Which Windows program should you run to help diagnose and fix disk-related errors?
CHKDSK
Where were BIOS setting stored in older systems?
CMOS
Where would hard disk configuration be stored?
CMOS
DriveLock
CMOS program enabling you to control the ATA security mode feature set. Also known as drive lock.
Which of the following is firmware?
CMOS/BIOS
What device in the computer system does all the processing of information obtained from various input devices?
CPU
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
CPU and chipset manufacturer that competes with Intel. Produces FX, A-Series, Phenom II, Athlon, Sempron, and Opteron CPUs and APUs. Also produces video card processors under its ATI brand.
hyperthreading
CPU feature that enables a single pipeline to run more than one thread at once.
ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
CPU logic circuits that perform basic arithmetic(add, subtract, multiply, and divide).
dual-core
CPUs that have two execution units on the same physical chip but share caches and RAM.
In which type of Internet access delivery does the speed of the network depend on the collective activity of the users sharing the same node connected to the Internet service provider (ISP)?
Cable
What type of Internet connection is a high speed shared data access connection often capable of 75Mbps or more?
Cable
Which electrical instrument is used to determine if a signal is present on a network cable?
Cable tester
coaxial cable
Cabling in which an internal conductor is surrounded by another, outer conductor, thus sharing the same axis.
digital camera
Camera that simulates film technology electronically.
wildcard
Character used during a search to represent search criteria. For instance, searching for *.docx will return a list of all files with a .docx extension, regardless of the filename. The * is the wildcard in that search.
DHCP Server
Charge of handing out IP addresses to clients.
Laser Printing Step 2
Charging Prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge
Noisy Computer?
Check CPU fan, case fan, power supply fan, and use compressed air and vacuum.
Trouble with CPU?
Check CPU fan, heat sink and thermal compound, overclocking setting in BIOS, and whether CPU is secure.
No second screen on laptop?
Check Fn key. Laptop display blank? Check resolution settings, inverter, backlight, or damage to LCD.
Time/date resets to January 1, 2000?
Check Lithium Battery
Poor wireless signal?
Check distance, placement, antennas, and update hardware and software.
Garbage printout?
Check driver.
Ghosted image?
Check drum and toner cartridge.
Lines or smearing?
Check drum, primary corona wire, and replace toner cartridge.
Toner not staying on paper?
Check fusing assembly.
No network connectivitiy
Check link light, patch cable, disabled NIC, wireless switch is off, IP configuration, and Windows Network Diagnostics.
No connectivity?
Check power, network connection, whether printer is shared, proper IP address, and whether printer is set up as default in Windows.
Several users report that they can only see and connect to other workstations, but cannot connect to other network resources or to the Internet. What common failure point do you check?
Check the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server
If the computer you are working on has an onboard Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) controller that appears in power-on self-test (POST) as functional, but your computer cannot boot from the array nor can it detect the array, what should you check to troubleshoot the problem?
Check the RAID configuration in the controller's Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Power is good but no display?
Check the big four: Video CPU RAM Motherboard
Several users notify you that the network is slow. How do you investigate the problem?
Check the switch or switches for activity
A user tells you that she cannot connect to some network resource while others are readily accessible and no one else has the same problem. What do you check in order to investigate this problem?
Check the user's Active Directory and shared resource permissions
You have a user who complains that, while he can connect to everything on the network, he cannot connect to the Internet, but other users can. Where do you look to solve the problem?
Check the user's default gateway in Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network settings
Blank paper?
Check toner cartridge and transfer corona wire.
MCC (memory controller chip)
Chip that handles memory requests from the CPU. Although once a special chip, it has been integrated into the chipset or CPU on modern computers.
bus mastering
Circuitry allowing devices to avoid conflicts on the external data bus.
active PFC (power factor correction)
Circuitry built into PC power supplies to reduce harmonics.
RAMDAC (random access memory digital-to-analog converter)
Circuitry used on video cards that support analog monitors to convert the digital video data to analog.
Which component of a fiber optic cable is responsible for reflecting light back in the core?
Cladding
Bluetooth classes
Class 1 has a maximum transmission range of 100 meters; Class 2 (the most common) has a range of 10 metersl Class 3 is short range and hardly used at 1 meter. Bluetooth version 1 has a maximum data transfer rate of 721 kb/s; Version 2 is 2.1 Mb/s Version 3 is 24 Mb/s
IP classes
Class A range: 1-126 subnet mask: 255.0.0.0. Private: 10.x.x.x Class B range: 128-191 subnet mask: 255.0.0.0. Private: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Class C range: 192-223 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Private: 192.168.x.x Loopback is 127.0.0.1 APIPA is 169.254.x.x (also known as link-local) CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing addresses use a prefix (example: 10.150.23.58/24). The /24 indicates a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0
In which networking method are mask bits moved in one-bit increments to provide the exact number of nodes and networks required?
Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)
Laser Printer Step 7
Cleaning Remove the excess toner
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
Cloud-based virtual server(s). These virtualized platforms give programmers tools needed to deploy, administer, and maintain a Web application.
Molex connector
Computer power connector used by optical drives, hard drives, and case fans. Keyed to prevent it from being inserted into a power port improperly.
AnandTech (anandtech.com)
Computer, technology, and Internet news and information site.
compliance
Concept that members of an organization must abide by the rules of that organization. For a technician, this often revolves around what software can or cannot be installed on an organization's computer
Crossover Cable
Connect Ethernet from one computer to the other. T568B on one end to the T568A end
Video cards
Connect to motherboards by way of x16 PCIe or PCI (uncommon) and cables include DVI, VGA, HDMI, Mini-HDMI, DisplayPort, Mini DisplayPort, S-Video, Component Video/RGB, and Composite. Common color depths include 16-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit. Common Resolutions include: 1280x720 (720p 16:9 aspect ratio) 1920x1080 (HD 1080p, 16:9 aspect ratio) 1366x786 (16:9) 1680x1050 (WSXGA+, 8:5 aspect ratio) 1920x1200 (WSXGA, 8:5) 640x480 (VGA, 4:3). TN is twisted nematic IPS is in-plane switching. IPS has wider viewing angles.
parallel port
Connection for the synchronous, high-speed flow of data along parallel lines to a device, usually a printer.
mini power connector
Connector used to provide power to floppy disk drives.
expansion slots
Connectors on a motherboard that enable users to add optional components to a system. (See also AGP, PCI, and PCIe.)
Bridge
Connects two LANs together or separate them into sections. Wired or Wireless
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
Consortium of companies that established the UEFI standard that replaced the original EFI standard.
VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association)
Consortium of computer manufacturers that standardizes improvements to common IBM PC components. VESA is responsible for the Super VGA video standard and the VLB bus architecture.
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)
Consortium of computer manufacturers who devised the PC Card standard for credit card-sized adapter cards that add functionality in older notebook computers and other computer devices. (See also PC Card.)
user account
Container that identifies a user to an application, operating system, or network, including name, password, user name, groups to which the user belongs, and other information based on the user and the OS being used. Usually defines the rights and roles a user plays on a system.
Parity Memory
Contains a parity bit. Can't correct an error.
Why would the back of a page come out dirty on a laser printer?
Contaminated Fuser
What would produce black speckled output on the back of a pager printer on a laser printer?
Contaminated Transfer Corona
On a dot matrix printer, which paper type require tractors to feed the paper?
Continuous Forms
Problem Reports and Solutions
Control Panel applet in Windows Vista that lists all Windows Error Reporting issues (plus a few easy-to-check items like firewall and anti-malware status).
expansion bus crystal
Controls the speed of the expansion bus.
What is DNS?
Convert domain names to IP Addresses
printed circuit board (PCB)
Copper etched onto a nonconductive material and then coated with some sort of epoxy for strength.
kernel
Core portion of program that resides in memory and performs the most essential operating system tasks.
Modern CPUs typically have multiple ___________ that really allow the CPU to act as more than a single CPU.
Cores
What does setting an active partition do?
Creates a primary partition
tunneling
Creating an encrypted link between two programs on two separate computers.
burn-in failure
Critical failure usually associated with manufacturing defects
What would you need to connect two peer-to-peer PCs using RJ-45 connectors?
Crossover cable
system crystal
Crystal that provides the speed signals for the CPU and the rest of the system.
DB connectors
D-shaped connectors used for a variety of connections in the PC and networking world. Can be male (with prongs) or female (with holes) and have a varying number of pins or sockets. Also called D-sub, D-subminiature, or D-shell connectors.
DB-25 connector
D-sub connector (female), commonly referred to as a parallel port connector.
DDR Pins
DDR1 - 184 pins DDR2 - 240 pins DDR3 - 240 pins DDR4 - 288 pins
DDR Standard Pins
DDR1 184 DDR2 240 DDR3 240 DDR4 288
What is the latest standard for RAM that operates at bandwidths up to 12,800 Mbps?
DDR3-1600 or PC 12800
Which utility should you run regularly to optimize your computer's hard disk performance?
DEFRAG
In a Microsoft TCP/IP environment, how is the problem of dynamic addressing tackled?
DHCP
Which network service is used to assign IP addresses to clients that are attempting to connect to the network?
DHCP
Which of the following Windows command line utilities allows you to manage computer drives, including disks, partitions, volumes, and virtual hard disks?
DISKPART
What is Port 53
DNS
Which network service is responsible for resolving user friendly names to numerical IP addresses?
DNS or Domain Name System
SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)
DRAM that is synchronous, or tied to the system clock. This type of RAM is used in all modern systems.
Which optical media can use two layers of the disc in order to right 8.5 GB of data?
DVD - 9 or DVD-DL
DVD-ROM
DVD equivalent of the standard CD-ROM.
DVD-Video
DVD format used exclusively to store digital video; capable of storing over two hours of high-quality video on a single DVD.
DVD-5 and DVD-18
DVD-5 (4.7GB capacity) Single sided, one layer DVD-18 (17GB capacity) Double Sided, four layer
DVD-ROM
DVDs have a capacity ranging from 4.7 GB (DVD05) to 17 GB. (DVD-18 dual-sided and dual layered). Recording technologies include DVD+R, DVD-R, DVD+RW, and DVD-RW.
DVI
DVI-D (Digital Only) DVI-A (Analong only) DVI-I (Digital and analog) DVI-DL (dual link connections for DVI-D and DVI-I) M1-DA (Digital, Analog, USB connections)
Which type of Digital Visual Interface (DVI) cable supports both digital and analog transmissions?
DVI-I
A FireWire port can support 63 interconnected devices. Which choice below correctly identifies the process of connecting FireWire devices together?
Daisy Chaining
CD-ROM
Data CDs can typically hold 700MB, can read and write at up to 52x (7.8 Mb/s), and can rewrite at up to 32x (4.8 Mb/s)
SATA Versions
Data Transfer Rates: 1.0- 1.5Gb/s 150MB/s 2.0- 3.0Gb/s 3.0- 6.0Gb/s 3.2- 16.0Gb/s
ad hoc mode
Decentralized wireless network mode, otherwise known as peer to peer mode, where each wireless node is in meshed contact with every other node.
On the dot-matrix, you only see the bottom half of the characters. What could be a possible cause of this?
Defective print head
AUP (Acceptable Use Policy)
Defines what action employees may or may not preform on company equipment, including computers, phones, printers, and even the network itself. This policy defines the handling of passwords, e-mail, and many other issues.
Slow hard drive?
Defrag it, use disk clean up, and scan drive with AV software. Drive isn't recognized? Check connections, check in BIOS/UEFI, initialize, partition, and format in Disk Management.
DMZ
Demilitarized zone: Area of network for servers, not within LAN but between it and the internet. Connects by third leg of firewall.
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
Deprecated encryption standard that provided a new encryption key for every sent packet.
x86
Describes 32-bit operating systems and software.
x64
Describes 64-bit operating systems and software.
catastrophic failure
Describes a failure in which a component or whole system will not boot; usually related to a manufacturing defect of a component. Could also be caused by overheating and physical damage to computer components.
UNC (Universal Naming Convention)
Describes any shared resource in a network using the convention \\<server name>\<name of shared resource>.
monaural
Describes recording tracks from one source (microphone) as opposed to stereo, which uses two sources.
Error Correcting Code (ECC) Memory
Detects errors Corrects on the fly Ideal for servers
The process of moving the toner to the drum is known as ?
Developing
Laster Printing Step 4
Developing Add toner to the charged areas of the imaging drum
Which component should you check if you are getting garbled output to a printer?
Device driver
projector
Device for projecting video images from PCs or other video sources, usually for audience presentations. Available in front- and rearview displays.
POST card
Device installed into a motherboard expansion slot that assists in trouble- shooting boot problems by providing a two-digit code indicating the stop of the boot process where the problem is occurring.
memory
Device or medium for temporary storage of programs and data during program execution. Synonymous with storage, although it most frequently refers to the internal storage of a computer that can be directly addressed by operating instructions. A computer's temporary storage capacity is measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB) of RAM (random-access memory). Long-term data storage on hard drives and solid-state drives is also measured in megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes.
Modem
Device that allows a computer to access the Internet by changing the digital signals of the computer to analog signals used by a typical land-based phone line.
WAP (wireless access point)
Device that centrally connects wireless network nodes.
modem (modulator/demodulator)
Device that converts a digital bit stream into an analog signal (modulation) and converts incoming analog signals back into digital signals (demodulation). An analog communications channel is typically a telephone line, and analog signals are typically sounds.
USB hub
Device that extends a single USB connection to two or more USB ports, almost always directly from one of the USB ports connected to the root hub.
proxy server
Device that fetches Internet resources for a client without exposing that client directly to the Internet. Usually accepts requests for HTTP, FTP, POP3, and SMTP resources. Often caches, or stores, a copy of the requested resource for later use. Common security feature in the corporate world.
switch
Device that filters and forwards traffic based on some criteria. A bridge and a router are both examples of switches. In the command-line interface, a switch is a function that modifies the behavior of a command.
docking station
Device that provides a portable computer extra features such as a DVD drive or PC Card, in addition to legacy and modern ports. Similar to a port replicator. Also, a charging station for mobile devices
firewall
Device that restricts traffic between a local network and the Internet.
UPS (uninterruptible power supply)
Device that supplies continuous clean power to a computer system the whole time the computer is on. Protects against power outages and sags.
UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter)
Device that turns parallel data into serial data and vice versa. The cornerstone of serial ports and modems.
analog
Device that uses a physical quantity, such as length or voltage, to representrepre- sent the value of a number. By contrast, digital storage relies on a coding system of numeric units.
loopback plug
Device used during loopback tests to check the female connector on a NIC.
multimeter
Device used to measure voltage, amperage, and resistance.
card reader
Device with which you can read data from one of several types of flash memory.
Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) devices
Devices that connect to a home network, discover each other, and share media. In theory, DLNA devices should work with minimal setup or fuss, even if sourced from different manufacturers.
fitness monitor
Devices that encourage physical fitness by counting steps using accelerometers, registering heart rate through sensors, using GPS to track exercise, and offering vibration tools to remind the user to get moving. Fitness trackers fit into one of two type: fobs that clip to the body and more sophisticated fitness bands or watches.
ATAPI-compliant
Devices that utilize the ATAPI standard. (See ATAPI.)
dxdiag (DirectX Diagnostics Tool)
Diagnostic tool for getting information about and testing a computer's DirectX version.
resistance
Difficulty in making electricity flow through a material, measured in ohms.
driver signing
Digital signature for drivers used by Windows to protect against potentially bad drivers.
DisplayPort
Digital video connector used by Apple Mac desktop models and some PCs, notably from Dell. Designed by VESA as a royalty-free connector to replace VGA and DVI.
What is LDAP?
Directory service protocol
What should you enable to hide your wireless network from users unless they knew its name?
Disable SSID broadcast
parity RAM
Earliest form of error-detecting RAM; stored an extra bit (called the parity bit) to verify the data.
transparency
Effect in the Aero desktop environment (Windows Vista/7) that makes the edges of windows transparent.
Amperage
Electric Current
Wattage
Electric Power
electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electrical interference from one device to another, resulting in poor performance of the device being interfered with. Examples: Static on your TV while running a blow dryer, or placing two monitors too close together and getting a "shaky" screen.
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable PROM Flash memory
What is the name of the process that laser printers use to produce a printer image?
Electro-photographic
laser printer
Electro-photographic printer in which a laser is used as the light source.
chipset
Electronic chips, specially designed to work together, that handle all of the low-level functions of a PC. In the original PC, the chipset consisted of close to 30 different chips; today, chipsets usually consist of one, two, or three separate chips embedded into a motherboard.
hub
Electronic device that sits at the center of a star topology network, providing a common point for the connection of network devices. Hubs repeat all information out to all ports and have been replaced by switches, although the term "hub" is still commonly used.
partitioning
Electronically subdividing a physical hard drive into groups called partitions (or volumes).
What is the key attribute of Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) that makes it different from Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)?
Emails are stored on a remote server until the user deletes them.
firmware
Embedded programs or code stored on a ROM chip. Generally OS-independent, thus allowing devices to operate in a wide variety of circumstances without direct OS support. The system BIOS is firmware.
Which of the following is not among the recommended actions for enhancing security when initially setting up a router?
Enable Service Set Identifier (SSID) broadcast
You have a customer that has several USB devices and when they connect them to their PC they are not recognized by windows 8.1. Which of the following will you try first to solve the problem?
Enable USB in Device Manager
What does a Power over Ethernet (PoE) injector allow you to do?
Enable a PoE-compliant device to connect to a non-PoE switch
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
Enables a computer to connect to the Internet through a dial-in connection and enjoy most of the benefits of a direct connection.
Quick Launch toolbar
Enables a user to launch commonly used programs with a single click in Windows.
WAP Wireless Access Point
Enables data communication over the air when your computer is equipped with a wireless networking adapter. Transmits data over radio air waves 2.4GHz/5GHz Identifies by MAC address Uses 802.11 group of standards for WLAN
Port Forwarding
Enables you to have a web server, FTP server port 21. Also called DNAT.
Port Triggering
Enables you to specify outgoing ports that your computer uses for special applications, and their corresponding inbound ports will be opened automatically when the sessions are established.
Port Triggering
Enables you to specify outgoing ports that your computer uses for special applications; their corresponding inbound ports open automatically when the sessions are established.
RJ45
Ethernet 8P8C connector
10BaseT
Ethernet LAN designed to run on twisted pair cabling. 10BaseT runs at 10 Mbps. The maximum length for the cabling between the NIC and the switch (or hub, repeater, etc.) is 100 meters. It uses baseband signaling. No industry-standard naming convention exists, so sometimes it's written 10BASE-T or 10Base-T.
Cat 5
Ethernet Standard: 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters
Cat 5e (enhanced)
Ethernet Standard: 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters
Cat 3
Ethernet Standard: 10Base-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters
Cat 6a (Augmented)
Ethernet Standard: 10GBase-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters
Cat 7* (shielded)
Ethernet Standard: 10GBase-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters
Cat 6
Ethernet Standard: 10GBase-T Maximum Distance: 37 to 55 Meters
100BaseT
Ethernet cabling system designed to run at 100 Mbps on twisted pair cabling. It uses baseband signaling. No industry-standard naming convention exists, so sometimes it's written 100BASE-T or 100Base-T.
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)
Ethernet standard that supports speeds of up to 10 Gbps. Requires CAT 6 or better twisted pair of fiber optic cabling.
Which will support TCP/IP?
Ethernet, ring, and Modem Dial-up
Mini-ITX
Even smaller form factor Similar mounting points as ATX and microATX
Upgrade Advisor
Examines your hardware and installed software (in the case of an upgrade) and provides a list of devices and software that are known to have issues with it. The Upgrade Advisor is available for download at www.microsoft.com for Windows Vista and Windows 7. Windows 8/8.1 offers the Upgrade Assistant for similar purpose. The Get Windows 10 app generates a compatibility report that functions similarly.
msconfig (System Configuration utility)
Executable file that runs the Windows System Configuration utility, which enables users to configure a system's boot files and critical system files. Often used for the name of the utility, as in "just run msconfig."
video card
Expansion card that works with the CPU to produce the images displayed on your computer's display.
Laser Printing Step 3
Exposing Write the image with the laser
Joliet
Extension of the ISO 9660 format. Most popular CD format to support PC file systems on CD media. Joliet has been supplanted by UDF.
MIDI-enabled device
External device that enables you to input digital sound information in the MIDI format; for example, a MIDI keyboard (the piano kind).
What is the benefit of enabling Network Address Translation (NAT) on a router?
External hosts won't be able to identify and connect directly to internal clients.
What is the primary reason for using satellite Internet?
Extremely long-range access to remote areas where other options are not viable
raster line
Horizontal pattern of lines that forms an image on the monitor screen.
FAT16
File allocation table that uses 16 bits to address and index clusters. Used as the primary hard drive format on DOS and early Windows 95 machines; currently used with smaller-capacity (2 GB or less) flash media devices.
FAT32
File allocation table that uses 32 bits to address and index clusters. Commonly used with USB flash-media drives and versions of Windows prior to XP.
read-only attribute
File attribute that does not allow a file to be altered or modified. Helpful when protecting system files that should not be edited.
Autorun.inf
File included on some media that automatically launches a program or installation routine when the media is inserted/attached to a system.
CDFS (compact disc file system)
File structure, rules, and conventions used when organizing and storing files and data on a CD.
Boot Configuration Data (BCD) file
File that contains information about the various operating systems installed on the system as well as instructions for how to actually load (bootstrap) them.
8.3 Naming System
File-naming convention that specified a maximum of eight characters for a filename, followed by a three-character file extension. Has been replaced by LFN (Long filename) support.
Two ways of creating new folders in Windows 7
File. New, Folder & Right Click, New, Folder
log files
Files created in Windows to track the progress of certain processes.
virus definition or data file
Files that enable the virus protection software to recognize the viruses on your system and clean them. These files should be updated often. They are also called signature files, depending on the virus protection software in use.
What is SLP?
Find MAC OS services by name
Plenum-rated cable
Fire-resistant cable designed for airways, conduits, and areas sprinklers cannot reach.
Which device is used to prevent traffic from one network to another network segment and is commonly used at the network perimeter?
Firewall
Which standard provides high speed data transfer at 800Mbps for voice, video, and audio and allows 63 devices on a single channel?
Firewire
EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)
Firmware created by Intel and HP that replaced traditional 16-bit BIOS and added several new enhancements.
Level 1 (L1) cache
First RAM cache accessed by the CPU, which stores only the absolute most-accessed programming and data used by currently running threads. Always the smallest and fastest cache on the CPU.
DOS (Disk Operating System)
First popular operating system available for PCs. A text-based, single-tasking operating system that was not completely replaced until the introduction of Windows 95.
logon screen
First screen of the Windows interface, used to log on to the computer system.
volume boot sector
First sector of the first cylinder of each partition; stores information important to its partition, such as the location of the operating system boot files.
boot sector
First sector on a PC hard drive or floppy disk, track 0. The boot-up software in ROM tells the computer to load whatever program is found there. If a system disk is read, the program in the boot record directs the computer to the root directory to load the operating system
LPX
First slimline form factor; replaced by NLX form factor.
I/O base address
First value in an I/O address range.
USB thumb drive
Flash memory device that uses the standard USB connection.
motherboard
Flat piece of circuit board that resides inside your computer case and has a number of connectors on it. Every device in a PC connects directly or indirectly to the motherboard, including CPU, RAM, hard drives, optical drives, keyboard, mouse, and video cards.
touchpad
Flat, touch-sensitive pad that serves as a pointing device for most laptops.
I/O (input/output)
General term for reading and writing data to a computer. "Input" includes data entered from a keyboard, identified by a pointing device (such as a mouse), or loaded from a disk. "Output" includes writing information to a disk, viewing it on a monitor, or printing it to a printer.
Public folder
Folder that all users can access and share with all other users on the system or network.
You have to replace a computer power supply. Which of the following will you use to determine and select replacement?
Form factor and wattage
digital certificate
Form in which a public key is sent from a Web server to a Web browser so that the browser can decrypt the data sent by the server.
dual-channel memory
Form of DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 memory access used by many motherboards that requires two identical sticks of DDR, DDR2, or DDR3 RAM.
FPU (floating point unit)
Formal term for math coprocessor (also called a numeric processor) circuitry inside a CPU. A math coprocessor calculates by using a floating point numerical system (which allows for decimals). Before the Intel 80486, FPUs were separate chips from the CPU.
What should you do if you get the error message "invalid media type"?
Format HD
Port Forwarding
Forwards an external network port to an internal IP address and port.
802.11b
Frequency: 2.4 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 11 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 1 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 11 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 140 meters
802.11n
Frequency: 2.4 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 150 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 4 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 600 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 250 meters
802.11g
Frequency: 2.4 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 54 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 1 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 54 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 140 meters
802.11a
Frequency: 5 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 54 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 1 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 54 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 120 meters
802.11ac
Frequency: 5 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 54 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 8 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 600 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 250 meters
Looking at a motherboard, you see two rows of pins with labels like HDD, SPKR,RST, PWR. What is their Function?
Front Panel lights and switches
ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line)
Fully digital, dedicated connection to the telephone system that provides average download speeds of 3-15 Mbps and upload speeds of 384 Kbps to 15 Mbps. Asymmetric identifies that upload and download speeds are different, with download usually being significantly faster than upload.
A page from a laser printer is smeared. What is the most probable fault?
Fuser
You find that a shared network printer's printouts are faded. You replace the toner cartridge, but the printouts are still faded. What is the source of the problem?
Fuser
Which stage of the laser printing process is last and ensures that the toner is melted to the paper?
Fusing
Laser Printing Step 6
Fusing Heat and pressure
Automatic Updates
Future allowing updates to Windows to be retrieved automatically over the Internet.
What is SNMP?
Gather metrics and manage network devices
Domain
Groupings of users, computers, or networks. In Microsoft networking, a domain is a group of computers and users that share a common account database and a common security policy. On the Internet, a domain is a group of computers that share a common element in their hierarchical name. Other types of domains exist—e.g., broadcast domain, etc.
Which technology is often used to send output information to a high definition television as opposed to a monitor?
HDMI
What is Port 80?
HTTP
What is Port 443
HTTPS
Which protocol uses TCP port 443
HTTPS
What storage device is hot swappable?
Hard Drives
Which hardware components do power-on self-test (POST) errors in the 17xx range direct you to investigate or troubleshoot?
Hard Drives
If you hear a loud whine or squeal from your computer, which two components should you inspect as the source of the problem?
Hard disk and power supply
HDD
Hard disk drive (magnetic-based)
What internal hardware component is used for secondary storage?
Hard drive
chkdsk (CheckDisk)
Hard drive error detection and, to a certain extent, correction utility in Windows, launched from the command-line interface. Originally a DOS command (chkdsk.exe); also the executable for the graphical Error-checking tool.
basic disk
Hard drive partitioned in the "classic" way with a master boot record (MBR) and partition table. (See also dynamic disks.)
Ultra DMA
Hard drive technology that enables drives to use direct memory addressing. Ultra DMA mode 3 drives—called ATA/33—have data transfer speeds up to 33 MBps. Mode 4 and 5 drives—called ATA/66 and ATA/100, respectively—transfer data at up to 66 MBps for mode 4 and 100 MBps for mode 5. Mode 6 pushed the transfer rate to 133 MBps. Modes 4, 5, and 6 require an 80-wire cable and a compatible controller to achieve these data transfer rates.
mass storage
Hard drives, optical discs, removable media drives, etc.
KVM (keyboard, video, mouse) switch
Hardware device that enables multiple computers to be viewed and controlled by a single mouse, keyboard, and screen.
biometric device
Hardware device used to support authentication; works by scanning and remembering a unique aspect of a user's various body parts (e.g., retina, iris, face, or fingerprint) by using some form of sensing device such as a retinal scanner.
FAT (file allocation table)
Hidden table that records how files on a hard disk are stored in distinct clusters; the only way DOS knows where to access files. Address of first cluster of a file is stored in the directory file. FAT entry for the first cluster is the address of the second cluster used to store that file. In the entry for the second cluster for that file is the address for the third cluster, and so on until the final cluster, which gets a special end-of-file code. There are two FATs, mirror images of each other, in case one is destroyed or damaged. Also refers to the 16-bit file allocation table when used by Windows 2000 and later NT-based operating systems.
Cache
High speed memory using SRAM (Static) Level 1- Most frequently used data, fastest cache. Level 2- Level 3- Slowest, feeds all 3 caches.
Audio Interface
High-end external sound device used by Audio engineers and recording artists.
DSL (digital subscriber line)
High-speed Internet connection technology that uses a regular telephone line for connectivity. DSL comes in several varieties, including asynchronous (ADSL) and synchronous (SDSL), and many speeds. Typical home-user DSL connections are ADSL with faster download speeds than upload speeds.
fiber-optic cable
High-speed cable for transmitting data, made of high-purity glass sealed within an opaque tube. Much faster than conventional copper wire such as coaxial cable.
DLT (digital linear tape)
High-speed, magnetic tape storage technology used to archive and retrieve data from faster, online media such as hard disks.
Wired (wired.com)
Hip Internet news site.
If a laser printer pulls multiple paper sheets at one time, what are the possible causes?
Humidity, improper media, worn separation pad.
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Port 80
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Port 443
Which of the technologies allows a single processor chip to operate like two separate processors?
Hyperthreading
On legacy motherboards the Southbridge chipset controls the communication between the CPU and which of the choices?
I/O PCI and USB IDE Controllers
TrackPoint
IBM's pencil eraser-sized joystick used in place of a mouse on laptops.
Which drive standard is not used heavily today and required master/slave configuration for multiple drives on the same channel?
IDE
FireWire 400 (Alpha Mode)
IEEE 1394a 100, 200, or 400 Mbit/s half-duplex 4.5 Meters (15 feet), 72 Meters max
What is Port 143
IMAP
Each node on the internet must be assigned an unique____ address?
IP
Which items of information does windows have to configure in order to utilize TCP/IP in a network?
IP / Subnet
Static Addresses
IP addresses are inputted manually.
Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors use either Twisted Nematic (TN) or In-Plane Switching (IPS) technology. What advantage does IPS offer over NT?
IPS provides better color reproduction and better viewing angles.
What should you do before upgrading the BIOS firmware?
Identify current firmware version Read the upgrade documentation Have a reliable power source
Volatile
If not receiving power, it loses its stored contents.
Linux/OS x tools:
Ifconfig: Linux and OS X wired equivalent of of ipconfig Iwconfig: Linux wireless equivalent of ifconfig.
Safe mode
Important diagnostic boot mode for Windows that runs only very basic drivers and turns off virtual memory.
Registered Memory (Buffered)
Improves the integrity of the signal between RAM and the memory controller by electrically buffering the signals using an extra register.
charms
In Windows 8 and 8.1, tools located in the hidden Charms bar, such as a search function, a sharing tool, a settings tool, and more.
Where is a riser card most likely to be installed?
In a compact case, where available space is an issue
anti-aliasing
In computer imaging, blending effect that smoothes sharp contrasts between two regions—e.g., jagged lines or different colors. Reduces jagged edges of text or objects. In voice signal processing, process of removing or smoothing out spurious frequencies from waveforms produced by converting digital signals back to analog.
regsvr32
In contrast with regedit.exe, the regsvr32 command can modify the Registry in only one way, adding (or registering) dynamic link library (DLL) files as command components in the Registry.
Flip 3D
In the Aero desktop environment, a three-dimensional replacement for alt-tab. Accessed by pressing the windows key-tab key combination.
Registered Memory
Includes an additional register between the RAM module and the memory controller. Also called buffered memory
DVD-RW/DVD+RW
Incompatible rewritable DVD media formats.
You are working on a 10-user network that has frequent troubles at night. The network almost never has trouble in the daytime while the lights are off. This problem is most likely?
Incorrect cable routing
You are troubleshooting a throughput problem on an 802.11b wireless network. A user complains that as she moves about the office, her client device loses connections to network resources. The client still shows a signal received from the access point, but cannot access the network. You determine that the client signal cannot reach the access point. How would you resolve this problem?
Increase Client Radio Power
update
Individual fixes for Windows that come out fairly often, on the order of once a week or so.
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Industry- standard 8-bit characters used to define text characters, consisting of 96 upper- and low- ercase letters, plus 32 nonprinting control characters, each of which is numbered. These numbers were designed to achieve uniformity among computer devices for printing and the exchange of simple text documents.
CompTIA Network+ certification
Industry-wide, vendor-neutral certification for network technicians, covering network hardware, installation, and troubleshooting.
surge suppressor
Inexpensive device that protects your computer from voltage spikes.
Advantage of an Ink Jet Printer
Inexpensive technology High quality Relatively quiet
BSoD (Blue Screen of Death)
Infamous error screen that appears when Windows encounters an unrecoverable error.
location data
Information provided by a mobile device's GPS; used for mapping functions as well as for location-aware services, such as finding nearby restaurants or receiving coupons for nearby shops.
What is the term used to describe wireless communications that integrate wired and wireless technologies and use an access point?
Infrastructure mode
What material does a line printer require to produce images?
Ink Ribbon
Disadvantages of an Ink Jet Printer
Ink is expensive and proprietary Eventually fades Print head clogs easily
mouse
Input device that enables users to manipulate a cursor on the screen to select items.
keyboard
Input device. Three common types of keyboards exist: those that use a mini-DIN (PS/2) connection, those that use a USB connection, and those that use wireless technology.
multi-touch
Input method on many smartphones and tablets that enables you to use multiple fingers to do all sorts of fun things, such as using two fingers to scroll or swipe to another screen or desktop.
pen-based computing
Input method used by many PDAs that combines handwriting recognition with modified mouse functions, usually in the form of a pen-like stylus.
If a motherboard does not support Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) natively, how can you configure a RAID array on that system?
Install and configure a non-system RAID controller
upgrade installation
Installation of Windows on top of an earlier installed version, thus inheriting all previous hardware and software settings.
Android application package (APK)
Installation software for Android apps
Multi-channel Memory
Installed in pairs or trios for maximum throughput
When the video processing is moved onto the main processor, as in the Ivy Bridge, it is referred to as ?
Integrated GPU
Which Internet service technology has Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) largely replaced?
Integrated Services for Digital Network (ISDN)
USB host controller
Integrated circuit that is usually built into the chipset and controls every USB device that connects to it.
How does a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) 10 configuration work?
It combines the striping aspect of RAID 0 with the mirroring aspect of RAID 1 across four drives.
Virtualization
Intel = Intel VT AMD = AMD-V
Which type of processor does the LGA 1366 (Socket B) socket type accommodate?
Intel's Core i7 processor
What is UEFI based on?
Intel's EFI
MCH (Memory Controller Hub)
Intel-coined name for what is now commonly called the Northbridge.
FireWire (IEEE 1394)
Interconnection standard to send wide-band signals over a serialized, physically thin connector system. Serial bus developed by Apple and Texas Instruments; enables connection of 63 devices at speeds up to 800 Mbps.
MIDI (musical instrument digital interface)
Interface between a computer and a device for simulating musical instruments. Rather than sending large sound samples, a computer can simply send "instructions" to the instrument describing pitch, tone, and duration of a sound. MIDI files are therefore very efficient. Because a MIDI file is made up of a set of instructions rather than a copy of the sound, modifying each component of the file is easy. Additionally, it is possible to program many channels, or "voices," of music to be played simultaneously, creating symphonic sound.
You are looking in your spare parts inventory for a Micro-ITX motherboard. Before getting down to numbers, how will you base your first round of choices?
Internal Expansion Slot
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol Port 143
IMAP4
Internet Message Access Protocol v4
Ars Technica (arstechnica.com)
Internet technology news site.
DS3D (DirectSound3D)
Introduced with DirectX 3.0, a command set used to create positional audio, or sounds that appear to come from in front, in back, or to the side of a user. Merged with DirectSound into DirectAudio in DirectX 8. (See also
Gateway Address
Ip address of the host that enables access to the internet or to other networks. Computers must be on the same network number as the gateway.
IPv4
Ip addresses are 4 octets with values ranging from 0-255 32 bit number expressed in dotted-decimal notation EX: 192.168.0.100
APIPA?
Ipconfig/rease and /renewl check DHCP server.
Common Windows networking command-line tools
Ipconfig: Displays current TCP/IP netowrk configuration values; Ipconfig/all shows additional information such as MAC address. Ping: Tests whether another host is available over the network (example: ping 192.118.1.1). Ping 127.0.0.1 or ping ::2 to test the local computer. Ping -t is continuous, ping -n is a set of pings. ping -1 changes the size of each ping. ping -a resolves IP address to host name.
What should you use to clean a thermal printer heating element?
Isopropyl alcohol cleaning pen
What does a proxy server do?
It acts as an intermediary for requests for resources.
What is the purpose of implementing client-side Domain Name System (DNS) configuration?
It allows the client to resolve cached host names without connecting to a server
Is the TPM a separate module or integrated into the motherboard?
It can be either
How can a second SATA device be added to a SATA cable that already contains a device
It can't
What is the defining quality of an Integrated Services for Digital Network (ISDN) connection?
It carries both voice and data over digital phone lines or public switched telephone network (PSTN) wires.
Which of the following is the best description of a standard connector (SC) on a fiber optic cable?
It is box-shaped and is used with single-mode fiber.
What is a characteristic of CAT-3 cabling?
It is currently used for telephone wiring.
How is user name and password information sent over the network when using Telnet?
It is sent in plaintext unencrypted format.
What advantage does Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) have over Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)?
It is synchronized with the system bus, reducing the chance of loss of information during transfer.
What does the hyperthreading (HT) feature of an Intel chip do?
It makes one physical central processing unit (CPU) appear as two logical CPUs.
How does a CAT-5e cable differ from a CAT-5 cable?
It supports Gigabit Ethernet, whereas CAT-5 does not.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) interface as opposed to the Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface?
It supports hot swapping of drives.
How can you tell that you are looking at the main power connector to the motherboard?
It will be in the form of a 20-pin or 24-pin Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX) connector.
What is the best way to keep a system cool with proper airflow?
Keep Slot Back plates in place.
personal safety
Keeping yourself away from harm.
Windows logo key
Key on a keyboard bearing the Windows logo that traditionally brings up the Start menu, but is also used in some keyboard shortcuts.
In order to save space on fiber optic patch panels, Lucent Technologies developed a smaller connector.
LC
What type of device is most likely to be connected to an HD15 cable?
LCD
LED monitor
LCD monitor that uses LEDs instead of CCFL tubes for backlighting, creating much higher contrast ratios and image quality.
Intel Sockets
LGA 775 LGA 1156 LGA 1155 replaces the 1156 LGA 1150 replaces the 1155 LGA 1366 LGA 2011 replaces the 1366
What is the 25-pin female port on the back of a PC
LPT( Line Printer)
LGA
Land Grid Array (Intel)
PostScript
Language defined by Adobe Systems, Inc., for describing how to create an image on a page. The description is independent of the resolution of the device that will actually create the image. It includes a technology for defining the shape of a font and creating a raster image at many different resolutions and sizes.
matte
Laptop screen finish that offers a good balance between richness of colors and reflections, but washes out in bright light.
When are SO-DIMMs used?
Laptops and mobile devices
Knowledge Base
Large collection of documents and FAQs that is maintained by Microsoft. Found on Microsoft's Web site, the Knowledge Base is an excellent place to search for assistance on most operating system problems.
What type of printer uses toner to produce the image on the paper?
Laser
Raspberry Pi
Latest generation of ultra-small, ARM-based computer motherboards with support for many operating systems and peripherals.
Repeater/Extender
Lengthen the strength of signals for wired or wireless
LCD TN Twisted Nematic
Less expensive than IPS.
tiers
Levels of Internet providers, ranging from the Tier 1 backbones to Tier 3 regional networks.
certification
License that demonstrates competency in some specialized skill.
Standard Audio Port Color codes
Light Blue- line input pink - microphone input lime green - main output for speakers/headphone black - output for surround sound speakers/back silver/brown - output for additional speakers orange - output for center speaker/subwoofer
CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent lamp)
Light technology used in LCDs and flatbed scanners. CCFLs use relatively little power for the amount of light they provide.
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
What defines how a client can access information and share directory data on a directory server.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Your modem works fine most of the time but some connections deliver bad characters. What is the cause?
Line Noise
Xeon
Line of Intel CPUs designed for servers
vi
Linux and Mac OS X command-line tool for editing text files.
dd
Linux command for copying entire block volumes.
apt-get
Linux command for installing or updating a program using the advanced packaging tool.
ps
Linux command for listing all processes running on the computer.
iwconfig
Linux command for viewing and changing wireless settings.
pwd
Linux command that displays the user's current path.
ls
Linux equivalent of the dir command, which displays the contents of a directory.
Which type of monitor uses cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) as the backlight source?
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
boot sequence
List containing information telling the bootstrap loader in which order to check the available storage devices for an OS. Configurable in CMOS setup.
Users group
List of local users not allowed, among other things, to edit the Registry or access critical system files. They can create groups, but can only manage the groups they create.
Administrators group
List of members with complete administrator privileges.
local user account
List of user names and their associated passwords with access to a system, contained in an encrypted database.
definition file
List of virus signatures that an antivirus program can recognize.
Is:
Lists directory contents; chmod modifies permissions; ps displays process information; apt-get installs packages; sudo executes commands as admin; vi opens text editor; passwd changes passwor; shutdown brings system down, highly configurable.
verify full system functionality
Making sure that a problem has been resolved and will not return. (Step 5 of 6 in the CompTIA troubleshooting theory.)
Which of the following tests checks the transmit and receive functions of a local modem?
Local Digital Loopback
LAN
Local area network
Which type of fiber optic connector uses a latch and can be used to transition installations from twisted pair copper cabling to fiber?
Local connector (LC)
LoJack for Laptops
Location software built into the BIOS of a computer. If the software is removed it will reinstall itself
Recycle Bin
Location to which files are moved when they are deleted from a modern Windows system. To permanently remove files from a system, they must be emptied from the Recycle Bin.
Welcome screen
Logon screen for Windows. Enables users to select their particular user account by clicking on their user picture.
DisplayPort
Looks similar to USB
amplitude
Loudness of a sound card.
A page from a laser printer has a vertical white streak. What is the most probable fault?
Low Toner
Advantage of an Impact Printer
Low cost per page Good for multiple copies
Celeron
Lower-cost brand of Intel CPUs.
IEEE 1394/ FireWire
MAX 63 devices 1394a/FireWire400 (400Mb/s, 4,6 conductor 4.5m) 1394b/FireWire800 (800Mb/s, 9 conductor 10m
ITX Motherboard
MINI ITX: 6.7in by 6.7in Good for HTPC's. NANO ITX: 4.7in by 4.7in Used in media centers, automotive PC's, personal recorders PICO ITX: 3.9in by 2.8in Used in extremely small PC's and ultra mobile. MOBILE ITX: 60mm by 60mm No ports, requires secondary I/O board Used for smart-phones and tiny devices.
What connector (sometimes called a Fiber Jack) has a compact snap-to-lock connector, and is used with multimode fiber.
MT-RJ
Utilities
Mac OS X folder that contains tools for performing services on a Mac beyond what's included in System Preferences, including Activity Monitor and Terminal.
Time Machine
Mac OS X full backup tool that enables you to recover some or all files in the event of a crash; it also enables you to restore deleted files and recover previous versions of files.
Keychain
Mac OS X password management and storage service that saves passwords for computer and non-computer environments. Also, the iCloud Keychain adds synchronization among any OS X and iOS devices connected to the Internet for a user account.
Finder
Mac OS X's file and folder browser.
What is AFP?
Mac OS file transfers
You are installing the Hyper-V Virtual Machine Manager on your Windows 7 System. An error message is displayed and you cannot continue. What could be the Cause?
Machine does not support Virtual Machine & Hardware Virtualization is not setup in BIOS"
dedicated server
Machine that is not used for any client functions, only server functions.
Disk vs Disc
Magnetic media is known as "Disk" Optical media is known as "Disc"
formatting
Magnetically mapping a disk to provide a structure for storing data; can be done to any type of disk, including a floppy disk, hard disk, or other type of removable disk.
Which power supply connector contains 24 pins?
Main Power Connector
What is the CMOS battery used for today?
Maintaining the date and time
Award Software
Major brand of BIOS and UEFI software for motherboards. Merged with Phoenix Technologies.
AMI (American Megatrends, Inc.)
Major producer of BIOS and UEFI software for motherboards, as well as many other computer-related components and software.
encryption
Making data unreadable by those who do not possess a key or password.
Assertive Communication
Means of communication that is not pushy or bossy but is also not soft. Useful in dealing with upset customers as it both defuses their anger and gives them confidence that you know what you're doing.
voucher
Means of getting a discount on the CompTIA A+ exams.
MMC (Microsoft Management Console)
Means of managing a system, introduced by Microsoft with Windows 2000. The MMC enables an administrator to customize management tools by picking and choosing from a list of snap-ins. Available snap-ins include Device Manager, Users and Groups, and Computer Management.
frequency
Measure of a sound's tone, either high or low.
dpi (dots per inch)
Measure of printer resolution that counts the dots the device can produce per linear (horizontal) inch.
bps (bits per second)
Measurement of how fast data is moved from one place to another. A 56K modem can move ~56,000 bits per second.
wattage (watts or W)
Measurement of the amps and volts needed for a particular device to function.
volts (V)
Measurement of the pressure of the electrons passing through a wire, or voltage
VIS (viewable image size)
Measurement of the viewable image that is displayed by a CRT rather than a measurement of the CRT itself.
What allows you to control which wireless clients may join your network.
Media access control (MAC) filtering
PC1600
Memory Clock Speed: 100 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 100 MHz DDR Speed: DDR-200 Transfers per Seconds: 200 Million Transfer Rate: 1600 MB/s
PC2-3200
Memory Clock Speed: 100 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 200 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-400 Transfers per Seconds: 400 Million Transfer Rate: 3200 MB/s
PC3-6400
Memory Clock Speed: 100 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 400 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-800 Transfers per Seconds: 800 Million Transfer Rate: 6400 MB/s
PC2100
Memory Clock Speed: 133 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 133 MHz DDR Speed: DDR-266 Transfers per Seconds: 266 Million Transfer Rate: 2133 MB/s
PC2-4200
Memory Clock Speed: 133 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 266 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-533 Transfers per Seconds: 533 Million Transfer Rate: 4266 MB/s
PC3-8500
Memory Clock Speed: 133 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 533 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-1066 Transfers per Seconds: 1.066 Billion Transfer Rate: 8533 MB/s
PC2700
Memory Clock Speed: 166 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 166 MHz DDR Speed: DDR-333 Transfers per Seconds: 333 Million Transfer Rate: 2667 MB/s
PC2-5300
Memory Clock Speed: 166 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 333 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-667 Transfers per Seconds: 667 Million Transfer Rate: 5333 MB/s
PC3-10600
Memory Clock Speed: 167 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 667 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-1333 Transfers per Seconds: 1.333 Billion Transfer Rate: 10667 MB/s
PC3200
Memory Clock Speed: 200 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 200 MHz DDR Speed: DDR-400 Transfers per Seconds: 400 Million Transfer Rate: 3200 MB/s
PC2-6400
Memory Clock Speed: 200 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 400 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-800 Transfers per Seconds: 800 Million Transfer Rate: 6400 MB/s
PC3-12800
Memory Clock Speed: 200 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 800 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-1600 Transfers per Seconds: 1.600 Billion Transfer Rate: 12800 MB/s
PC3-14900
Memory Clock Speed: 233 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 933 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-1866 Transfers per Seconds: 1.866 Billion Transfer Rate: 14933 MB/s
PC2-8500
Memory Clock Speed: 266 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 533 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-1066 Transfers per Seconds: 1.066 Billion Transfer Rate: 8533 MB/s
PC3-17000
Memory Clock Speed: 267 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 1067 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-12133 Transfers per Seconds: 2.133 Billion Transfer Rate: 17066 MB/s
On legacy motherboards the Northbridge chipset controls the communication between the CPU and which of the choices?
Memory and PCI-E
RAM (random access memory)
Memory that can be accessed at random—that is, memory which you can write to or read from without touching the preceding address. This term is often used to mean a computer's main memory.
volatile
Memory that must have constant electricity to retain data. Alternatively, any programmer six hours before deadline after a nonstop, 48-hour coding session, running on nothing but caffeine and sugar.
DRAM (dynamic random access memory or dynamic RAM)
Memory used to store data in most personal computers. DRAM stores each bit in a "cell" com- posed of a transistor and a capacitor. Because the capacitor in a DRAM cell can only hold a charge for a few milliseconds, DRAM must be continually refreshed, or rewritten, to retain its data.
Advanced Startup Options menu
Menu that can be reached during the boot process that offers advanced OS startup options, such as to boot to Safe Mode or boot into Last Known Good Configuration.
Which of the following connector types would not be present as a modern ATX-compatible power supply?
Molex II
RAID (redundant array of independent [or inexpensive] disks)
Method for creating a fault-tolerant storage system. RAID uses multiple hard drives in various configurations to offer differing levels of speed/data redundancy.
daisy-chaining
Method of connecting several devices along a bus and managing the signals for each device.
parity
Method of error detection where a small group of bits being transferred is compared to a single parity bit set to make the total bits odd or even. Receiving device reads the parity bit and determines if the data is valid, based on the oddness or evenness of the parity bit.
MAC address filtering
Method of limiting wireless network access based on the physical, hard-wired address of the wireless NIC of a computing device.
CFS (Central File System)
Method to unify all storage devices within a network or organization to facilitate a single management point and to provide user access to any file or data within the organization.
MAN
Metropolitan (municipal) area network
Micro-DIMM
Micro Dual Inline Memory Module
Windows 7 Compatibility Center
Microsoft Web page that lists the hardware and software that work with Windows 7.
Print to XPS
Microsoft XML Paper Specification Similar use case to Adobe PDF Print to XPS, view in any operating system
Windows Update
Microsoft application used to keep Windows operating systems up to date with the latest patches or enhancements. (See Automatic Updates.)
Windows Hardware Certification Program
Microsoft's rigorous testing program for hardware manufacturers, which hardware devices must pass before their drivers can be digitally signed.
MS-CHAP
Microsoft's variation of the Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol that uses a slightly more advanced encryption protocol. Windows Vista uses MSCHAP v2 (version 2), and does not support MS-CHAP v1 (version 1).
Which display connector type is intended for portable devices while still being able to transfer uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data?
MiniHDMI
page fault
Minor memory-addressing error.
RAID 1
Mirroring File blocks are duplicated between physical drives High disk space utilization High redundancy Minimum of 2 drives
RAID 1
Mirroring. Data is copied on two identical disks. If each disk is on a separate controller it is known as disk duplexing. Fault tolerant Requires 2 disks and 2 only!
When Intel classifies CPUs as M class it signifies that the chip was designed especially for which purpose?
Mobile
Wi-Fi calling
Mobile device feature that enables users to make voice calls over a Wi-Fi network, rather than a cellular network.
swipe lock
Mobile device feature that uses a swipe gesture to unlock the mobile device.
passcode lock
Mobile device security feature that requires you to type in a series of letters, numbers, or motion patterns to unlock the mobile device each time you press the power button.
e-reader
Mobile electronic device used for reading e-books
airplane mode
Mode for mobile devices that disables all wireless and cellular communicationcom- munication for use on airplanes.
AT (Advanced Technology)
Model name of the second-generation, 80286-based IBM computer. Many aspects of the AT, such as the BIOS, CMOS, and expansion bus, have become de facto standards in the PC industry. The physical organization of the components on the motherboard is called the AT form factor.
Power Connectors
Molex SATA PCIe
Pentium
Name given to the fifth and later generations of Intel microprocessors; original had a 32-bit address bus, 64-bit external data bus, and dual pipelining. Also used for subsequent generations of Intel processors—the Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, and Pentium 4. Currently used as a budget label for Intel CPUs.
Applications
Name of the tab in Task Manager that lists running applications.
Athlon
Name used for a series of CPUs manufactured by AMD.
code names
Names that keep track of different variations within CPU models
What term describes the fixed resolution for liquid crystal display (LCD) or other flat panel display devices?
Native resolution
DRAM
Needs to be refreshed. volatile Slower than SRAM
Which of the following Windows commands do you use to browse all local network computers and their shared resources?
Net view
Which of the following commands would you use to view active network connections to your computer?
Netstat
What feature is a requirement for port forwarding to work?
Network Address Translation (NAT)
bus topology
Network configuration wherein all computers connect to the network via a central bus cable.
peer-to-peer network
Network in which each machine can act as both a client and a server.
Domain-Based Network
Network that eliminates the need for logging on to mul- tiple servers by using domain controllers to hold the security database for all systems.
mesh topology
Network topology where each computer has a dedicated line to every other computer, most often used in wireless networks.
CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access/collision detection)
Networking scheme used by Ethernet devices to transmit data and resend data after detection of data collisions.
cellular wireless networks
Networks that enable cell phones, smartphones, and other mobile devices to connect to the Internet.
Which CPU feature needs to be enabled in the BIOS and is designed to help thwart malware attempts to corrupt the system files?
No Execute Bit or Disable Execute Bit
ROM Read only Memory
Non-Volatile Can be read and written EX: EEPROM as a BIOS chip
PSU
Normally connectors are 24 pins, 20 in older ones. Most motherboards today also have a 4 pin power connector or a 8 pin, additional.
Which chip on the motherboard handles high speed communications for video and RAM?
Northbridge
While the inkjet print is ideal, what keeps the ink from leaking out of the ink cartridge and onto the paper?
Nozzle gaze
ReadyBoost
Windows feature enabling the use of flash media as dedicated virtual memory.
binary numbers
Number system with a base of 2, unlike the number systems most of us use that have bases of 10 (decimal numbers), 12 (measurement in feet and inches), and 60 (time). Binary numbers are preferred for computers for precision and economy. An electronic circuit that can detect the difference between two states (on-off, 0-1) is easier and more inexpensive to build than one that could detect the differences among ten states (0-9).
multiboot installation
OS installation in which multiple operating systems are installed on a single machine.
toner cartridge
Object used to store the toner in a laser printer. (See also laser printer, toner.)
A PC's CMOS information is continuously lost. What should you do after re-entering the correct settings?
Observe the pc for problem occurrence
component failure
Occurs when a system device fails due to a manufacturing or some other type of defect.
fragmentation
Occurs when files and directories get jumbled on a fixed disk and are no longer contiguous. Can significantly slow down hard drive access times and can be repaired by using the defrag utility included with each version of Windows. (See also defragmentation.)
wait state
Occurs when the CPU has to wait for RAM to provide code. Also known as pipeline stall.
ICH (I/O Controller Hub)
Official name for Southbridge chip found in Intel's chipsets.
Backup or Restore Wizard
Older Windows utility that enables users to create system backups and set system restore points.
TN (twisted nematic)
Older technology for LCD monitors. TN monitors pro- duce a decent display for a modest price, but they have limited viewing angles and can't accurately reproduce all the color information sent by the video card.
active partition
On a hard drive, primary partition that contains an operating system.
Hyper-Threading
One CPU acting like two.
baud
One analog cycle on a telephone line. In the early days of telephone data transmission, the baud rate was often analogous to bits per second. Due to advanced modulation of baud cycles as well as data compression, this is no longer true.
Certified Cisco Network Associate (CCNA)
One of the certifications demonstrating a knowledge of Cisco networking products.
CompactFlash (CF
One of the older but still popular flash media formats. Its interface uses a simplified PC Card bus, so it also supports I/O devices
backlight
One of three main components used in LCDs to illuminate an image.
voice coil motor
One of two methods used to move actuator arms in a hard drive. (See also stepper motor.)
theory of probable cause
One possible reason why something is not working; a guess.
mini connector
One type of power connector from a PC power supply unit. Supplies 5 and 12 volts to peripherals. Also known as a floppy connector.
Print to PDF
One-way print fro app to PDF Requires specialized software to create and view a PDF PDF viewers built into may internet browsers Many third party tools available
Linux
Open-source UNIX-clone operating system.
When formatting a large capacity drive what situation would cause it to format at a lower capacity when you set it up in an operating system?
Operating system overhead
DVD (digital versatile disc)
Optical disc format that provides for 4-17 GB of video or data storage.
Last Known Good Configuration
Option on the Advanced Startup Options menu that enables your system to revert to a previous configuration to troubleshoot and repair any major system problems.
Motherboard pin color voltages
Orange +3.3V Black ground Brown +3.3V Blue -12V Red +5V Gray Power Good Purple +5V standby Yellow +12V Green Power On White -5V
multimedia extensions (MMX)
Originally an Intel CPU enhancement designed for graphics-intensive applications (such as games). It was never embraced but eventually led to improvements in how CPUs handle graphics.
CD (compact disc)
Originally designed as the replacement for vinyl records, has become the primary method of long-term storage of music and data.
printer
Output device that can print text or illustrations on paper. Microsoft uses the term to refer to the software that controls the physical print device.
IDE (integrated drive electronics)
PC specification for small- to medium-sized hard drives in which the controlling electronics for the drive are part of the drive itself, speeding up transfer rates and leaving only a simple adapter (or "paddle"). IDE only supported two drives per system of no more than 504 MB each, and has been completely supplanted by Enhanced IDE. EIDE supports four drives of over 8 GB each and more than doubles the transfer rate. The more common name for PATA drives. Also known as intelligent drive electronics. (See PATA.)
PCI-X (PCI Extended)
PCI for servers (NOT PCI EXPRESS)
You are a building a Blade Server. Which bus architecture will you use?
PCI-X
Mini PCI/PCIe Mini Cards
PCI/PCIe for laptops
Which of the following video interfaces would you use for a PC gamer
PCIE
Which standard is most utilized for display adapters in modern systems?
PCIe
Three short beeps during POST indicates which of the following?
POST error - error code
What type of port is traditionally used for mice and keyboards?
PS/2
Which Acronym best describes an item also known as mini-din(Deutsches Institut fur Normung)
PS/2
Which statement is true concerning how external conditions affect a wireless link range?
Packet error rate increases on the signal's fringe.
What is periodic printer maintenance based on?
Page count
jumper
Pair of small pins that can be shorted with a shunt to configure many aspects of PCs. Often used in configurations that are rarely changed, such as master/slave settings on IDE drives.
Which component on a printer could you check if an error code indicates a paper jam, but there is no paper in the printer?
Paper-feed sensor
jack (physical connection)
Part of a connector into which a plug is inserted. Also referred to as a port.
actively listen
Part of respectful communication involving listening and taking notes without interrupting.
Secure Boot
Part of the UEFI specification. Digitally sign known good software. The software won't run without the proper signature.
USB root hub
Part of the host controller that makes the physical connection to the USB ports.
What is the first step when configuring a HD into a system?
Partition
primary partition
Partition on a Windows hard drive that can store a bootable operating system.
virus shield
Passive monitoring of a computer's activity, checking for viruses only when certain events occur.
thermal compound
Paste-like material with very high heat-transfer properties. Applied between the CPU and the cooling device, it ensures the best possible dispersal of heat from the CPU. Also called heat dope or thermal paste.
raster image
Pattern of dots representing what the final product should look like.
Which processors took advantage of hyperthreading technology
Pentium 4 and Intel Xeon
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect expansion slot
joystick
Peripheral often used while playing computer games; originally intended as a multipurpose input device.
PAN
Personal area network
Print to image
Print to a graphics image Not integrated into the OS Some third-party image print drivers are available
UTP (unshielded twisted pair)
Popular type of cabling for telephone and networks, composed of pairs of wires twisted around each other at specific intervals. The twists serve to reduce interference (also called crosstalk). The more twists, the less interference. Unlike its cousin, STP, UTP cable has no metallic shielding to protect the wires from external interference. 1000BaseT uses UTP, as do many other networking technologies. UTP is available in a variety of grades, called categories, as follows: CAT 1 UTP Regular analog phone lines—not used for data communications. CAT 2 UTP Supports speeds up to 4 Mbps. CAT 3 UTP Supports speeds up to 16 Mbps. CAT 4 UTP Supports speeds up to 20 Mbps. CAT 5 UTP Supports speeds up to 100 Mbps. CAT 5e UTP Supports speeds up to 1000 Mbps. CAT 6 UTP Supports speeds up to 10 Gbps. CAT 6a UTP Supports speeds up to 10 Gbps. CAT 7 UTP Supports 10-Gbps networks at 100-meter segments; shielding for individual wire pairs reduces crosstalk and noise problems. CAT 7 is not a TIA /EIA standard.
In a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network, what term is used to describe the endpoint of a logical connection?
Port
What setting should you enable if you wanted to configure a host to automatically and dynamically forward inbound traffic received on specific ports to other ports?
Port triggering
desktop replacement
Portable computer that offers the same performance as a full-fledged desktop computer; these systems are normally very heavy to carry and often cost much more than the desktop systems they replace.
FCS (Frame Check Sequence)
Portion of an Ethernet frame used for error checking, most commonly with the CRC algorithm.
page file
Portion of the hard drive set aside by Windows to act like RAM. Also known as virtual memory or swap file.
POP3
Post Office Protocol Port 110
POP3
Post Office Protocol version 3
What printer driver displays specific information about the printer itself, as well as the options that can be modified by the user?
PostScript printer description (PPD)
remnant
Potentially recoverable data on a hard drive that remains despite formatting or deleting.
POST
Power On Self Test First step of bootstrapping
When you try to print to a network printer that you know you have access to, you receive an "access denied" message. What do you do to resolve the issue?
Power cycle the printer to refresh all connections
Printer paper jam?
Power cycle, check paper tray, rollers, paper type, fuser, and entire paper path.
What should you do before laser printer maintenance?
Power down the printer
What should you do before replacing a toner cartridge?
Power down the printer
ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)
Power management specification that far surpasses its predecessor, APM, by providing support for hot swappable devices and better control of power modes.
What can be used to ensure long battery life in a portable computer?
Power options
PoE
Power over Ethernet: 802.3af devices that send Ethernet data and power over twisted-pair cable to compliant devices (for example, a PoE injector).
throttling
Power reduction/thermal control capability allowing CPUs to slow down during low activity or high heat build-up situations. Intel's version is known as Speed- Step, AMD's as PowerNow!.
Which component modifies AC voltage into DC voltage?
Power supply
You have a customer who calls you to report her computer shuts down and reboots on its own when she tries to start it. What could be the cause?
Power supply is not providing enough power to the system
Which of the following hardware components are required for POST to complete?
Power, CPU, POST, BOOT, OS
SCSI (small computer system interface)
Powerful and flexible peripheral interface popularized on the Macintosh and used to connect hard drives, optical drives, tape drives, scanners, and other devices to PCs of all kinds. Normal SCSI enables up to seven devices to be connected through a single bus connection, whereas Wide SCSI can handle 15 devices attached to a single controller.
Lithium Battery (CR2032)
Powers the CMOS when the computer is off. 3.0 Volts
mega-
Prefix that stands for the binary quantity 1,048,576 (220) or the decimal quantity of 1,000,000. One megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes. One megahertz, however, is a million hertz. Sometimes shortened to Meg, as in "a 286 has an address space of 16 Megs."
A laser printer generates a completely black paper. What is the Cause?
Primary Corona
What components are found on a toner cartridge of a laser printer?
Primary Corona Wire Photoconductive Drum Cleaning Blade
external data bus (EDB)
Primary data highway of all computers. Everything in your computer is tied either directly or indirectly to the external data bus. (See also frontside bus and backside bus.)
system BIOS
Primary set of BIOS stored on an EPROM or flash ROM chip on the motherboard. Defines the BIOS for all the assumed hardware on the motherboard, such as keyboard controller, floppy drive, basic video, and RAM.
power supply unit
Provides the electrical power for a PC. Converts standard AC power into various voltages of DC electricity in a PC.
You try to back up your DLT tape drive. You receive an error message that the tape drive is not available, this occurs even if you try a new cartridge what do you do?
Put a taper cleaner into the drive.
timbre
Qualities that differentiate the same note played on different instruments.
QoS
Quality of Service: Attempts to prioritize streaming media (VOIP, video playback, etc.)
print resolution
Quality of a print image.
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
RAID 0,1,5,10
RAID 10
RAID 1 + RAID 0 Fault tolerant Minimum of 2 disks, but usually have 4 or more.
What PC component is referred to as primary storage and loses its content when power is removed?
RAM
double-sided RAM
RAM stick with RAM chips soldered to both sides of the stick. May only be used with motherboards designed to accept double-sided RAM. Very common.
ECC RAM/DRAM (error correction code DRAM)
RAM that uses special chips to detect and fix memory errors. Commonly used in high-end servers where data integrity is crucial.
unbuffered RAM
RAM without a buffer chip; in other words, normal, consumer grade RAM.
What also know as thinnet, is an older type of media used for networking?
RG-58
Which type of networking cable is also referred to as "thinnet"?
RG-58
What is currently the best cabling option for digital TV and cable connectivity?
RG-6
coaxial
RG-6 uses f connector. Cable used for cable tv set up boxes. 500-1000max feet 1Gb/s bandwidth RG-6/U, double shielded RG-6UQ, quad shielded
Alsoknown as "thicknet," was once used as a backbone cable in coaxial network installations, but is very rarely seen anymore.
RG-8
Which type of connector is sometimes referred to as "thicknet"?
RG-8
Which of the following is the defining characteristic of component video?
RGB
10BaseT uses _____ connectors?
RJ-45
UTP type cables uses which connector
RJ-45
What is the standard connector on a UTP cable?
RJ-45
From which location do the first instructions come from when a microcomputer is powering up?
ROM BIOS
Flash ROM
ROM technology that can be electrically reprogrammed while still in the PC. Overwhelmingly the most common storage medium of BIOS in computers today, as it can be upgraded without a need to open the computer on most systems.
Ram Parity
Ram stores an extra bit for error detection. Always a odd number for the parity bit such as 9. Good for data integrity.
UDF (universal data format)
Replaced the ISO-9660 formats, enabling any operating system and optical drive to read UDF formatted disks.
RAM
Random Access Memory DIMMs include DDR(184 pins). DDR2 (240 pins), DDR3 (240 pins), and DDR4 (288 pins). Ram SODIMMs include DDR (200 pin), DDR2 (200 pins), DDR3 (204 Pin), and DDR4 (260 pin). Example of DDR3-1600 data transfer caculation: 1600 MT/s x 8 = 12,800 MB/s. Dual-channel is double width. 128 bit bus. Triple-channel is 3x the width, 192 bit bus. Quad-channel is 4x the width, 256-bit bus. Latency measured as CL or CAS.
transfer rate
Rate of data transferred between two devices, especially over the expansion bus.
Category 3 Cable
Rated for 10 Mb/s
Category 5 Cable
Rated for 100 Mb/s
Category 5e Cable
Rated for 100 Mb/s and gigabit networks
Category 6/6a Cable
Rated for gigabit and 10 Gb/s networks
Category 7 Cable
Rated for gigabit and 10 Gb/s networks
Aspect Ratio
Ratio of width to height of an object. Standard television has a 4:3 aspect ratio. High-definition television is 16:9. Desktop computer monitors tend to be either 16:9 or 16:10.
ROM
Read-Only Memory Can't be changed or erased
CD-ROM (compact disc/read-only memory
Read-only compact storage disc for audio or video data. CD-ROMs are read by using CD-ROM drives and optical drives with backward compatibility, such as DVD and Blu-ray Disc drives.
RW
Read-write Used for backups
mirroring
Reading and writing data at the same time to two drives for fault tolerance purposes. Considered RAID level 1. Also called drive mirroring.
multisession drive
Recordable CD drive capable of burning multiple sessions onto a single recordable disc. A multisession drive also can close a CD-R so that no further tracks can be written to it.
document findings, actions, and outcomes
Recording each troubleshooting job: what the problem was, how it was fixed, and other helpful information. (Step 6 of 6 in the CompTIA troubleshooting theory.)
The purpose of the Windows 7 ____ is to allow you to use tools to repair damaged registry, system files, and the files system on the hard drive.
Recovery Environment(RE)
The customer has a problem with some program applications being displayed with missing lines, details and other graphic problems. Which of the following settings could you change to help this problem?
Reduce the hardware graphics acceleration
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks.
A laser printer has come due for service. You check the counter and the printer has printed roughly 20,000 pages. Which of the following steps would you take?
Refer to the Printer's Maintenance kit and follow instructions.
dual boot
Refers to a computer with two operating systems installed, enabling users to choose which operating system to load on boot. Can also refer to kicking a device a second time just in case the first time didn't work.
What ports have a range of 1024 to 49151
Registered port
What are the small areas used to store data entering and leaving the CPU called?
Registers
Southbridge
Relatively slower connections USB, Ethernet, SATA, etc. BIOS
RDP
Remote Desktop Protocol
RDP
Remote Desktop Protocol Port 3389
Which service is enabled via a registered port rather than a well-known port?
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
floppy disk
Removable storage media that can hold between 720 KB and 1.44 MB of data.
A locally attached Windows 7 printer is printing garbled text and several blank pages with each print request. Which of the following is the easiest way to fix this?
Remove the printer and let windows reinstall it
remediation
Repairing damage caused by a virus.
If your laser printer's fuser roller is warped or worn, which output symptom will you observe?
Repeating horizontal lines or white spaces
What is laster printer maintenance?
Replace feed rollers, transfer rollers, pickup rollers, and fuser unit
A user in your company installs a new application that includes a new updated video driver on his Windows 8 professional computer. After the installation, they restart their computer and after logging on they find that when moving windows and dialog boxes that the display is distorted. you need to find the correct video driver for the new application. Meanwhile, you need to ensure that the user can run his other applications without video distortion. What should be your response?
Roll back the driver.
Which components move the paper forward in an inkjet printer?
Rollers and feeders
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung)
Round connector shell with pins or holes that was standardized by the German national standards body. Largely obsolete, DIN and mini-DIN connectors have been used by keyboards, mice, video systems, and other peripherals attached to computers.
What network device is used to transmit packets from source to destination between network segments?
Router
Which network device is used to allow data packets from your LAN to be delivered to a network with a different network ID?
Router
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Rules that enable two computers to talk to one another during a file transfer. Protocol used when you transfer a file from one computer to another across the Internet. FTP uses port numbers 20 and 21.
Your system will not boot. There are no errors displayed. You only see a blinking cursor at the top of the screen. What is your next logical step?
Run the motherboard diagnostic
hypervisor type 2
Runs operating systems on top of other ones. Less efficient.
Which drive standard is capable of up to 600Mbps data transfer rates for magnetic and SSD?
SATA 3
What connector is a box-shaped connector that snaps into a receptacle, and is used with single-mode fiber.
SC
Fiber optic
SC, ST, and LC
Nonvolatile memory include:
SD cards CompactFlash cards SSD USB Flash Drives PCIe storage Card
SO-DIMM Pins
SDR - 144 DDR - 200 DDR2 - 200 DDR3 - 204 DDR4 - 260
A space-saving fiber optic connector type Mechanical Transfer Register Jack(MTRJ) can be used with which of the following cable types?
SMF & MMF
What is Port 23?
SMTP
Name two kinds of laptop rams
SODIMM microDIMM
NAND is another term for ?
SSD
Which of the following do you need to connect an 802.11 network that uses WEP?
SSID & Password
Cloud Computing
SaaS Software as a service, users access applications over the internet from a third party. IaaS Infrastructure as a service, offers networking/storage/etc, on the cloud. PaaS Platform as a service, ability to develop applications in a virtual environment of whatever else.
When setting up a system on dual channel memory, the memory should be?
Same Manufacturer, Same Size, and Same Speed
S-Video
Separate Video, 4,6,7,9 connector
emergency repair disk (ERD)
Saves critical boot files and partition information and is the main tool for fixing boot problems in older versions of Windows. Newer versions of Windows call this a system repair disc (Windows Vista/7) or recovery drive (Windows 8/8.1 and 10).
data storage
Saving a permanent copy of your work so that you can come back to it later.
file system
Scheme that directs how an OS stores and retrieves data on and off a drive; FAT32 and NTFS are both file systems. Used interchangeably with the term "data structure." (See also data structure.)
data structure
Scheme that directs how an OS stores and retrieves data on and off a drive. Used interchangeably with the term file system. (See also file system.)
monitor
Screen that displays data from a PC. Can use either a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) to display images.
Level 2 (L2) cache
Second RAM cache accessed by the CPU. Much larger and often slower than the L1 cache, and accessed only if the requested program/data is not in the L1 cache.
partition
Section of the storage area of a hard disk. Created during initial preparation of the hard disk, before the disk is formatted.
logical drives
Sections of an extended partition on a hard drive that are formatted and (usually) assigned a drive letter, each of which is presented to the user as if it were a separate drive.
partition boot table
Sector of a partition that stores information important to its partition, such as the location of the OS boot files. Responsible for loading the OS on a partition.
SSH
Secure Shell
SSH
Secure Shell Port 22
protocol enables a user or application to log on to another computer over a network, execute commands, and manage files.
Secure Shell (SSH)
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) service combines Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and what other protocol?
Secure Sockets Layer/ Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS)
HTTPS (HTTP over Secure Sockets Layer)
Secure form of HTTP used commonly for Internet business transactions or any time when a secure connection is required. Uses port 443. (See also HTTP.)
Access control
Security concept using physical security, authorization users and groups and security policies.
LoJack
Security feature included in some BIOS/UEFI that enables a user to track the location of a stolen PC, install a key logger, or remotely shut down the stolen computer.
reciprocity
See Ethic of Reciprocity
XT bus
See PC bus.
PowerShell
See Windows PowerShell.
registered RAM
See buffered RAM.
VMM (virtual machine manager)
See hypervisor.
virtual machine manager (VMM)
See hypervisor.
video display
See monitor.
swap file
See page file.
virtual memory
See page file.
System File Checker
See sfc.
synchronize
See sync.
tone generator
See toner.
tone probe
See toner.
bootstrap loader
Segment of code in a system's BIOS that scans for an operating system, looks specifically for a valid boot sector, and, when one is found, hands control over to the boot sector; then the bootstrap loader removes itself from memory
Component/RGB
Send analog or digital signals through wires. Red,Green,Blue
Tracert:
Sends packets to test destinations beyond the local computer's network.
rails
Separate DC voltage paths within an ATX power supply.
STP
Shielded Twisted Pair
front-view projector
Shoots the image out the front and counts on you to put a screen in front at the proper distance.
MP3
Short for MPEG Audio Layer 3, a type of compression used specifically for turning high-quality digital audio files into much smaller, yet similar-sounding, files.
CAB files
Short for cabinet files. These files are compressed and most commonly used during OS installation to store many smaller files, such as device drivers.
cd (chdir)
Shorthand for "change directory." Enables you to change the focus of the command prompt from one directory to another.
Netstat:
Shows the network statistics for the local computer. Displays TCP and UDP sessions by computer name (or IP) and port.
Nbtstat:
Shows the network statistics that use NetBIOS over TCP/IP connections. Show core services running on local or remote machines.
differential backup
Similar to an incremental backup. Backs up the files that have been changed since the last backup. This type of backup does not change the state of the archive bit.
duplexing
Similar to mirroring in that data is written to and read from two physical drives, for fault tolerance. Separate controllers are used for each drive, both for additional fault tolerance and for additional speed. Considered RAID level 1. Also called disk duplexing or drive duplexing.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Port 25 Can use port 587
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
What is used to collect information from network devices for diagnostic and maintenance purposes. This requires both a management system (the SNMP manager) as well as agent software on each device that needs to be managed.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Single Channel vs Multi Channel Ram Architecture
Single - 64 bit bus Dual - 128 bit bus Triple - 192 bit bus Quadruple - 256 bit bus 64 bits for every upgrade
Single sided vs Double Sided
Single Sided - Computer can access all the chips at once. Double Sided - Two sides known as "banks" and the computer can only read one side at a time.
bit
Single binary digit. Also, any device that can be in an on or off state.
cylinder
Single concentric track passing through all the platters in a hard disk drive. Imagine a hard disk drive as a series of metal cans, nested one inside another; a single can would represent a cylinder.
Which type of Random Access Memory (RAM) must be installed in matched pairs?
Single in-line memory module (SIMM)
What kind of system is Mini-ITX designed for?
Single purpose computing (such as streaming media)
In which type of fiber optic cable does a laser modulated in amplitude transmit the signal through the fiber?
Single-mode fiber
laser
Single-wavelength, in-phase light source that is sometimes strapped to the head of sharks by bad guys. Note to henchmen: Lasers should never be used with sea bass, no matter how ill-tempered they might be.
What must you make sure is correct when replacing thermal printer paper?
Size
throw
Size of the image a projector displays at a certain distance from the screen. Alternately, what you do with a computer that you just can't seem to get working.
Which of the following is an example of passive cooling?
Slowing down the speed at which internal components are running
SO-DIMM
Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
VRM (voltage regulator module)
Small card supplied with some CPUs to ensure that the CPU gets correct voltage. This type of card, which must be used with a motherboard specially designed to accept it, is not commonly seen today.
module
Small circuit board that DRAM chips are attached to. Also known as a "stick.
mini-DIN
Small connection most commonly used for keyboards and mice. Many modern systems implement USB in place of mini-DIN connections. Also called PS/2.
traces
Small electrical connections embedded in a circuit board.
power supply fan
Small fan located in a system power supply that draws warm air from inside the power supply and exhausts it to the outside.
microATX
Small form-factor motherboard Similar mounting points and power as ATX
icon
Small image or graphic, most commonly found on a system's desktop, that launches a program when selected.
texture
Small picture that is tiled over and over again on walls, floors, and other surfaces to create the 3-D world.
PAN (personal area network)
Small wireless network created with Bluetooth technology and intended to link computers and other peripheral devices.
netbook
Small, low-power laptop used primarily for Web browsing.
mini USB
Smaller USB connector often found on digital cameras.
thread
Smallest logical division of a single program.
What device is described as a mini computer in your pocket running a mobile operating system?
Smart phone
Android
Smartphone and tablet OS created by Google.
Performance Logs and Alerts
Snap-in enabling the creation of a written record of most everything that happens on the system.
The LGA 1366 is also referred to as
Socket B
LGA 1336
Socket B Release Date: 2008 CPUs: Core i7 (Nehalem) RAM: DDR3 Tripple-channel
The LGA 1156 is also referred to as
Socket H or H1
LGA 1156
Socket H/H1 Release Date: 2009 CPUs: Core i3,5,7 (Nehalem) RAM: DDR3 Dual-channel
LGA 1155
Socket H2 Release Date: 2011 CPUs: Sandy/Ivy Bridge RAM: DDR3 dual-channel
LGA 1150
Socket H3 Release Date: 2013 CPUs: Haswell, Broadwell RAM: DDR3 dual-channel
The LGA 2011 is also referred to as
Socket R
Which type of socket uses over 2,000 copper pins and was designed to replace Socket B?
Socket R
LGA 2011
Socket R Release Date: 2011 CPUs: Sandy Bridge-E/EP, Ivy Bridge-E/EP, Haswell-E/EP RAM: DDR3/DDR4 quad-channel
Which Intel CPU socket type is also referred to as LGA 775?
Socket T
LGA 775
Socket T Release Date: 2004 CPUs: Pentium 4, Core 2 RAM: DDR2 and DDR3
ZIF (zero insertion force) socket
Socket for CPUs that enables insertion of a chip without the need to apply pressure. Intel promoted this socket with its overdrive upgrades. The chip drops effortlessly into the socket's holes, and a small lever locks it in.
API (application programming interface)
Software definition that describes operating system calls for application software; conventions defining how a service is invoked.
antivirus program
Software designed to combat viruses destroying them or passively guarding against them.
MAM (mobile application management)
Software enabling a company's IT department to manage mobile apps on employees' mobile devices.
emulator
Software or hardware that converts the commands to and from the host machine into an entirely different platform.
codec (compressor/decompressor
Software that compresses or decompresses media streams.
hypervisor
Software that enables a single computer to run multiple operating systems simultaneously.
freeware
Software that is distributed for free, with no license fee.
antistatic mat
Special surface on which to lay electronics. These mats come with a grounding connection designed to equalize electrical potential between a workbench and one or more electronic devices. Used to prevent electrostatic discharge.
DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
Special video connector designed for digitalto- digital connections; most commonly seen on PC video cards and LCD monitors. Some versions also support analog signals with a special adapter.
Mini-PCI
Specialized form of PCI designed for use in laptops.
Mini-PCIe
Specialized form of PCIe designed for use in laptops.
MMX (multimedia extensions)
Specific CPU instructions that enable a CPU to handle many multimedia functions, such as digital signal processing. Introduced with the Pentium CPU, these instructions are used on all ×86 CPUs.
DNS domain
Specific branch of the DNS name space. First-level DNS domains include .com, .gov, and .edu.
DPMS (display power-management signaling)
Specification that can reduce monitor power consumption by 75 percent by reducing/eliminating video signals during idle periods.
system bus speed
Speed at which the CPU and the rest of the PC operates; set by the system crystal.
ppm (pages per minute)
Speed of a printer.
What are the advantages of USB
Speed, Expansion, Ease of configuration
BNC/RCA
Standard Definition, yellow white red
SD Card Capacities
Standard SD Card - 4GB SD High Capacity - 32GB SD eXtended Capacity - 2TB
form factor
Standard for the physical organization of motherboard components and motherboard size. Most common form factors are ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX.
VGA (video graphics array)
Standard for the video graphics adapter that was built into IBM's PS/2 computer. It supports 16 colors in a 640 × 480 pixel video display.
dipole antennas
Standard straight-wire antennas that provide the most omnidirectional function.
ATX (Advanced Technology Extended)
Standardized by Intel in 1995 Sill very popular
MSDS (material safety data sheet)
Standardized form that provides detailed information about potential environmental hazards and proper disposal methods associated with various computing components.
V standards
Standards established by CCITT for modem manufacturers to follow (voluntarily) to ensure compatible speeds, compression, and error correction.
SRAM
Static RAM Maintains data without constant refreshing Very fast, very expensive Often used in processor caches
What type of Random Access Memory (RAM) is used for cache memory and does not need to be refreshed to retain information?
Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
troubleshooting theory
Steps a technician uses to solve a problem. CompTIA A+ defines six steps: identify the problem; establish a theory of probable cause; test the theory to determine cause; establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement a solution; verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventive measures; and document findings, actions, and outcomes.
register
Storage area inside the CPU used by the onboard logic to perform calculations. CPUs have many registers to perform different functions.
EFS (encrypting file system)
Storage organization and management service, such as NTFS, that has the capability of applying a cipher process to the stored data.
CMOS
Stores setting and time/date
vendor specific
Stores that only sell products from one manufacturer, like the Apple store.
What connector is a fiber optic cable that is used to connect multimode fiber
Straight Tip (ST)
RAID 0
Striping File blocks are split between physical drives High performance No redundancy Minimum of 2 drives
RAID 5
Striping with Parity File blocks are striped along with a parity block Efficient use of disk space High redundancy Minimum of 3 drives
RAID 5
Striping with parity. Fault tolerant Requires at least 3 disks.
RAID 0
Striping. Data is striped across multiple disks in an effort to increase performance. Not fault tolerant Requires at least 2 disks
CAT 7
Supports 10-Gbps networks at 100-meter segments; shielding for individual wire pairs reduces crosstalk and noise problems. CAT 7 is not a TIA/EIA standard.
Which network device has replaced hubs in most networks due to increased efficiency?
Switch
SDRAM
Synchronous Dynamic RAM Synchronous with the common system clock
floppy drive
System hardware that uses removable 3.5-inch disks as storage media.
WWW (World Wide Web)
System of Internet servers that supports documents formatted in HTML and related protocols. Can be accessed by applications that use HTTP and HTTPS, such as Web browsers.
data classification
System of organizing data according to its sensitivity. Common classifications include public, highly confidential, and top secret.
DLP (data loss prevention)
System or set of rules designed to stop leakage of sensitive information. Usually applied to Internet appliances to monitor outgoing network traffic.
DMA (direct memory access) modes
Technique that some PC hardware devices use to transfer data to and from the memory without using the CPU.
wave table synthesis
Technique that supplanted FM synthesis, wherein recordings of actual instruments or other sounds are embedded in the sound card as WAV files. When a particular note from a particular instrument or voice is requested, the sound processor grabs the appropriate prerecorded WAV file from its memory and adjusts it to match the specific sound and timing requested.
Scalable Link Interface (SLI)
Technology for connecting two or more NVIDIA GPUs together in a system.
passive matrix
Technology for producing colors in LCD monitors by varying voltages across wire matrices to produce red, green, or blue dots.
DTS (Digital Theatre Systems)
Technology for sound reductions and channeling methods, similar to Dolby Digital.
Dolby Digital
Technology for sound reductions and channeling methods used for digital audio.
preboot execution environment (PXE)
Technology that enables a PC to boot without any local storage by retrieving an OS from a server over a network.
face lock
Technology that enables use of facial features to unlock a mobile device or personal computer.
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Technology that provides power and data transmis- sion through a single network cable.
proprietary
Technology unique to a particular vendor.
Telnet
Telecommunication Network
Telnet
Telnet Port 23
color depth
Term to define a scanner's ability to produce color, hue, and shade.
permission propagation
Term to describe what happens to permissions on an object when you move or copy it.
megapixel
Term used typically in reference to digital cameras and their ability to capture data.
Power issues?
Test AC outlet with receptacle tester or multimeter. Test power supply with PSU tester or multimeter: A power supply tester tests 3.3 V, 5 V, -5 V, 12 V, and -12 V. Do not open power supply; it is a FRU (field replaceable unit)
boot.ini
Text file used during the boot process that provides a list of all OSs currently installed and available for ntldr (NT Loader). Also tells where each OS is located on the system. Used in Windows XP and earlier Microsoft operating systems.
command prompt
Text prompt for entering commands
CPU
The Central Processing unit or processor take care of most calculations. Intel CPUs use LGA775, 1150, 1155, 1156, 1366, and 2011 sockets. AMD CPUs use AM3, AM3+, FM1, FM2, and FM2 + sockets. L1/L2 cache in each core. L3 cache is shared among entire CPU. Thermal compound (paste) is required whenever heat sink is installed. Heat sinks are either active (with powered fan) or passive (without). Liquid-based cooling systems can dissipate heat very efficiently.
classful IP addresses
The first number in the IP address dictates what class the address is part of. IP class A- 1-126, 126 networks, 16,777,214 hosts IP class B- 128-191, 16,384 networks, 65,534 hosts IP class C- 192-223, 2,097,152, 254 hosts
satellites
Two or more standard stereo speakers to be combined with a subwoofer for a speaker system (i.e., 2.1, 5.1, 7.1, etc.).
What socket type was designed to be used with the Fusion and Athlon II processors.
The FM1
What are the two possible configurations of a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) motherboard connector?
The PCIe connector can be in the form of a 6-pin or an 8-pin configuration. Both connectors provide power at 12 volts, but the maximum wattage is different.
Aero
The Windows Vista/7 desktop environment. Aero adds some interesting aestheticaes- thetic effects such as window transparency and Flip 3D.
Live DVD
The Windows installation media, which loads the Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) directly from disc into memory and doesn't access or modify a hard drive or solid-state drive.
What capability are you providing by installing a network interface controller (NIC)?
The ability to access a wired or wireless network
What capability does a modem card add to a computer?
The ability to communicate over phone or data lines
Tethering
The act of using a cellular-network-connected mobile device as a mobile hotspot.
Thermal Design Power (TDP)
The amount of heat generated by the CPU, which the cooling system in required to dissipate.
Impedance
The amount of resistance to electricity.
VRR (vertical refresh rate)
The amount of time it takes for a CRT to draw a complete screen. This value is measured in hertz, or cycles per second. Most modern CRTs have a VRR of 60 Hz or better.
Tiles
The building blocks of Windows 8's Modern UI, as potentially "smart" app shortcuts, capable of displaying dynamic and changing information without even open- ing the app.
An employee is complaining that when he turns his lights on in the office, he can't connect to the network. With the light off his sytem works fine. What can be the problem?
The cable system is faulty
A user reports that his computer's screen is blank after he powers it on. He hears the power supply fan running and there seems to be no power issues with the computer. What do you tell the user?
The computer has incompatible memory modules or memory modules aren't installed correctly.
NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI)
The default networking protocol for early versions of Windows.
Which statement about Solid State Hybrid Drives (SSHDs) is accurate?
The disk caches the most frequently accessed bits to high-speed flash memory, which will change over time.
Socket
The electrical interface between the CPU and the motherboard. LGA (Land Grid Array) No pins on motherboard PGA (Pin Grid Array) - Pins on motherboard
CompTIA A+ certification
The first half of the CompTIA A+ certification for computer technicians. The 901 exam focuses primarily on understanding terminology and technology, how to do fundamental tasks such as upgrading RAM, and basic network and mobile device support.
A page comes out of a laser printer and the toner smudges when you touch it. What is the problem?
The fuser is not hot enough.
ExpressCard
The high-performance serial version of the PC Card that replaced PC Card slots on laptop PCs over the past decade. ExpressCard comes in two widths: 34 mm and 54 mm, called ExpressCard/34 and ExpressCard/54.
What special feature of Wi-Fi Protected Access version 2 (WPA2) improves upon Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
The inclusion of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP)
Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE)
The installation program for Windows.
What is the major difference between single-rail and dual-rail PSUs?
The internal circuits of a dual-rail PSU are separated based on different power output.
Mini-ITX
The largest and the most popular of the three ITX form factors. At a miniscule 6.7 by 6.7 inches, Mini-ITX competes with microATX and proprietary small form factor (SFF) motherboards.
Charms bar
The location in Windows 8 and 8.1 of the charms tools. Accessed by moving the cursor to the upper-right corner of the screen.
Mini Secure Digital (MiniSD)
The medium-sized form factor of the SD flash memory standard.
110 block
The most common connections used with structured cabling, connecting horizontal cable runs with patch panels
What component regulates the level of voltage that the central processing unit (CPU) and Random Access Memory (RAM) receive?
The motherboard
mv
The move command in Linux and Mac OS X.
On a wireless access point, what does the Service Set Identifier (SSID) refer to?
The name of the device
SATA Express (SATAe)
The newest version of SATA that ties capable drives directly into the PCI Express bus on motherboards. Each lane of PCIe 3.0 is capable of handling up to 8 Gbps data throughput. A SATAe drive grabbing two lanes, therefore, could move a whopping 16 Gbps through the bus.
RAID 10
The opposite of RAID 0+1, two mirrored RAID 0 configurations. Also provides both speed and redundancy, and also requires four disks.
Metro UI
The original name for the Windows 8 user interface. Due to legal concerns, it was rebranded the "Modern UI."
What mechanism do impact printers use to move the paper along?
The paper is either tractor-fed or friction-fed, depending on the paper used.
%SystemRoot%
The path where the operating system is installed. (variable in windows OS)
touch interface
The primary user interface on modern mobile devices where keys are replaced with tactile interaction.
sync
The process of keeping files on mobile devices up to date with the versions on desktop computers or over the Internet.
syntax
The proper way to write a command-line command so that it functions and does what it's supposed to do.
"Dual Rail" PSU
The purpose of this is to separate and limit the current through each wire to avoid overheating.
What specs should a Thick Client have?
The recommended Windows requirements
How do light-emitting diode (LED) backlights compare to cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlights?
They are lighter, cheaper, brighter, and have a longer lifespan.
You find a great deal for a new high definition home theater receiver and decide it's time to upgrade. Before you checkout, you decide to check the connections on your other devices to ensure everything is compatible. On the back of your Blu-ray player you notice several different connectors. There are round connectors, one red, one white, and small connector that appears to have a light emitting from it. What are these connectors used for?
The red and white round connectors called composite connectors are used for analog audio. The connector with the light emitting is called an optical cable and is used for HD digital audio.
CompTIA A+ 220-902
The second half of the CompTIA A+ certification for computer technicians. The 902 exam focuses primarily on software, security, and troubleshooting
processing
The second step of the computing process, where the CPU completes the tasks that the user's input has given it.
What is the major limitation of the 802.11a standard?
The signal range
Micro Secure Digital (MicroSD)
The smallest form factor of the SD flash memory standard. Often used in mobile devices.
When parity is used, what happens when parity bit values of two data strings do no match?
The system discards the data and re-attempts the transmission.
Your PC displays the message "Non System Disk or Disk Error:. Which of the following will produce this result?
The systems files were not transferred over to the hard drive.
digitizer
The touchscreen overlay technology that converts finger and stylus contact into input data for the device to use.
U (Units)
The unique height measurement used with equipment racks; 1 U equals 1.75 inches.
electric potential
The voltage differential between any two objects, one of which is frequently ground or earth, resulting in a degree of attraction for the electrons to move from one of the objects to the other. A large difference between a person and a doorknob, for example, can lead to a shocking experience when the two touch.
topology
The way computers connect to each other in a network.
The link light on a NIC will light when which of the following happens?
The wire connecting it to the network is plugged in
How many bits make up an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address, respectively?
There are 32 bits in an IPv4 address and 128 bits in an IPv6 address.
External drives present support personnel with their own support issues. Identify the probable cause of a user's external Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive not being recognized by the computer.
There is a damaged or malfunctioning USB port
In what way does Dynamic Network Address Translation (DNAT) differ from static NAT?
There is not a one-to-one ratio of internal to external addresses.
In Device Manager, how can you tell that an expansion card has been installed, but that there is a problem with the hardware or drivers?
There will be a yellow exclamation mark associated with that hardware.
Motherboards
They connect everything. Typical for factors include ATX (most common). Micro ATX, and ITX. Types of expansion buses include PCI Express (PCIe) and PCI. Intel chipsets connect to the CPU VIA DMI or QPI. AMD CPU-to chipset connection is Hypertransport.
What term is used to describe a computer that performs most or all computing functions on its own and runs applications that are installed locally?
Thick Client
transfer corona
Thin wire, usually protected by other thin wires, that applies a positive charge to the paper during the laser printing process, drawing the negatively charged toner particles off of the drum and onto the paper. Newer printers accomplish the same feat using a transfer roller that draws the toner onto the paper.
Ultrabook
Thin, powerful laptop powered by Intel processors and built according to the Intel design specification. Competes directly with the Apple Mac Air.
Level 3 (L3) cache
Third RAM cache accessed by the CPU. Much larger and slower than the L1 and L2 caches, and accessed only if the requested program/data is not in the L2 cache.
Which type of hardware interface supports connecting a wide variety of peripheral devices to personal computers (PCs) and has cabling available in both optical fiber and copper wire?
Thunderbolt
You need to support several Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort peripherals on a computer. Which expansion card is the best choice?
Thunderbolt card
MBR (master boot record)
Tiny bit of code that takes control of the boot process from the system BIOS.
microdrive
Tiny hard drives using the CompactFlash form factor. (See also CompactFlash (CF).)
Archive
To copy programs and data onto a relatively inexpensive storage medium (drive, tape, etc.) for long-term retention.
debug
To detect, trace, and eliminate errors in computer programs.
dumpster diving
To go through someone's trash in search of information.
What is the native protocol of the Internet, which is required for Internet connectivity?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
boot
To initiate an automatic routine that clears the memory, loads the operating system, and prepares the computer for use. Term is derived from "pull yourself up by your bootstraps." Computers must do that because RAM doesn't retain program instructions when power is turned off. A cold boot occurs when the PC is physically switched on. A warm boot loads a fresh OS without turning off the computer, lessening the strain on the electronic circuitry. To do a warm boot, press the ctrl-alt-delete keys twice in rapid succession (the three-fingered salute).
In which of the following circumstances would you use the nslookup utility?
To verify a computer's name from its Internet Protocol (IP) address
Which device sends an electrical signal through one pair of unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wires for the purpose of tracing it?
Tone Generator
Your laser printer is producing pages of solid blank line running the length of the paper. What is the likely cause of this?
Toner is low
Local Users and Groups
Tool enabling creation and changing of group memberships and accounts for users.
Performance Options
Tool enabling users to configure CPU, RAM, and virtual memory settings.
Windows Memory Diagnostic
Tool found in Windows 7 and later that can automatically scan a computer's RAM when encountering a problem.
Display applet
Tool in Windows XP and Windows 7 used to adjust display settings, including resolution, refresh rate, driver information, and color depth. (See Personalization applet for the comparable tool in Windows Vista.)
Parental Controls
Tool to enable monitoring and limiting of user activities; designed for parents to control the content their children can access.
bar code reader
Tool to read Universal Product Code (UPC) bar codes.
address space
Total amount of memory addresses that an address bus can contain.
bank
Total number of DIMMs that can be accessed simultaneously by the chipset. The "width" of the external data bus divided by the "width" of the DIMM sticks. Specific DIMM slots must be populated to activate dual-, triple-, or quad-channel memory.
What utility can you sue to find a bottleneck when diagnosing TCP/IP connectivity
Tracert
Which networking command can help you determine the points along the route the computer uses to send a packet to a destination?
Tracert
What is the paper transport technology most commonly associated with dot matrix printers?
Tractor Feed
The paper transport systems of a dot matrix printer is primarily
Tractor Rollers
TIA/EIA (Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Indus- tries Alliance)
Trade organization that provides standards for network cabling and other electronics.
laptop
Traditional clamshell portable computing device with built-in LCD monitor, keyboard, and trackpad.
Laser Printing Step 5
Transferring Move the toner from the drum to the paper
What is the primary purpose of a Domain Name System (DNS) server?
Translating names into numeric IP addresses
LBA (logical block addressing)
Translation (algorithm) of IDE drives pro- moted by Western Digital as a standardized method for breaking the 504-MB limit in IDE drives. Subsequently universally adopted by the PC industry and standard on all EIDE drives.
TCP/IP
Transmisiion Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Two most used protocols for computers sending info to each other on a network.
TPM
Trusted Platform Module
You hear loud clicking noises that seems to originate from your system's primary hard drive. How do you troubleshoot this problem?
Turn off power management to the drive
DNS server
Turns Domain names to IP addresses, vice versa.
Cables that use electricity
Twisted-pair/coaxial
When should you replace an impact printer ribbon?
when output is faded
LCD (liquid crystal display)
Type of display commonly used on portable computers. LCDs have also replaced CRTs as the display of choice for desktop computer users. LCDs use liquid crystals and electricity to produce images on the screen.
AC (alternating current)
Type of electricity in which the flow of electrons alternates direction, back and forth, in a circuit.
DC (direct current)
Type of electricity in which the flow of electrons is in a complete circle in one direction.
ATA (AT Attachment)
Type of hard drive and controller designed to replace the ear- lier ST506 and ESDI drives without requiring replacement of the AT BIOS—hence, AT attachment. These drives are more popularly known as IDE drives. (See IDE.) The ATA/33 standard has drive transfer speeds up to 33 MBps; the ATA/66 up to 66 MBps; the ATA/100 up to 100 MBps; and the ATA/133 up to 133 MBps. (See Ultra DMA.)
active matrix
Type of liquid crystal display (LCD) that replaced the passive matrix technology used in most portable computer displays. Also called TFT (thin film transistor).
adware
Type of malicious program that downloads ads to a user's computer, generat- ing undesirable network traffic.
extended partition
Type of nonbootable hard disk partition. May only have one extended partition per disk. Purpose is to divide a large disk into smaller partitions, each with a separate drive letter.
Auto-switching power supply
Type of power supply able to detect the voltage of a particular outlet and adjust accordingly.
dual-voltage
Type of power supply that works with either 110- or 220-volt outlets.
capacitive touchscreen
Type of touchscreen that uses electrical current in your body to determine movement of your fingers across the screen.
TV tuner
Typically an add-on device that allows users to watch television on a computer.
I/O advanced programmable interrupt controller (IOAPIC)
Typically located in the Southbridge, acts as the traffic cop for interrupt requests to the CPU.
What is the defining characteristic of User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?
UDP is a connectionless best-effort delivery protocol in the Transport layer protocol of the Internet protocol suite.
What type of firmware supports the new Secure Boot option which guarantees the integrity of the startup files?
UEFI
micro USB
USB connector commonly found on Android phones.
Low-Speed USB
USB standard that runs at 1.5 Mbps. Also called USB 1.1.
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Uncontrolled rush of electrons from one object to another. A real menace to PCs, as it can cause permanent damage to semiconductors.
CPU Problems
Unexplained crashes during the boot up or during use. The computer locks after only a short time of use. Voltage is near, at, or above the top end of the allowable range.
Three types of IPv6
Unicast: Global unicast, begins at 2000. FE80::/10 Anycast: unicast structure, packets delivered to first interface only Multicast: FF00::/8, packets deleivered to all interfaces
UEFI
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
MAC (media access control) address
Unique 48-bit address assigned to each network card. IEEE assigns blocks of possible addresses to various NIC manufacturers to help ensure that the address is always unique. The Data Link layer of the OSI model uses MAC addresses to locate machines.
scan code
Unique code corresponding to each key on the keyboard, sent from the keyboard controller to the CPU.
SCSI ID
Unique identifier used by SCSI devices. No two SCSI devices may have the same SCSI ID.
byte
Unit of 8 bits; fundamental data unit of personal computers. Storing the equivalent of one character, the byte is also the basic unit of measurement for computer storage.
joule
Unit of energy describing (in this book) how much energy a surge suppressor can handle before it fails.
lumens
Unit of measure for amount of brightness on a projector or other light source.
amperes (amps or A)
Unit of measure for amperage, or electrical current.
decibels
Unit of measurement typically associated with sound. The higher the number of decibels, the louder the sound.
What helps Wi-Fi-enabled devices to be easily discoverable by the router.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
UPnP
Universal Plug and Play: Enables network-ready devices to discover each other automatically.
USB
Universal Serial Bus Can have up to 127 devices. version 3.x ports are blue. Type A/Type B connectors are used by desktops/laptops, mini- and micro-connectors are used by tablets/smartphones, etc. Type C: one-third size of a Type A plug; pairs well with USB 3.1 standard.
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Which of the following events increase the chances of a motherboard failure?
Updating BIOS & adding serial mouse while the power is on
Jammed Optical Trays
Use paperclip to stick in the tiny hole to un-jam.
How do you enter the BIOS?
Use the secret key
Proxy Server
Used as a go-between for the client and the website accessed. Increases efficieny by storing cache from other users.
AutoSensing
Used by better-quality sound cards to detect a device plugged into a port and to adapt the features of that port.
vertices
Used in the second generation of 3-D rendering; have a defined X, Y, and Z position in a 3-D world.
Netdom:
Used to control active directory, add hosts to domain, etc.
Net:
Used to map network drives (net use), view computers (net view), start/stop services (net start and net stop), and synchronize time (net time)
Nslookup:
Used to query DNS servers to find out DNS details, including the IP address of hosts.
power good wire
Used to wake up the CPU after the power supply has tested for proper voltage.
What are the two BIOS passwords?
User Password Supervisor Password
administrator account
User account, created when the OS is first installed, that is allowed complete, unfettered access to the system without restriction.
Windows Sidebar
User interface feature in Windows Vista that enables users to place various gadgets, such as clocks, calendars, and other utilities, on the right side of their desktop.
command-line interface
User interface for an OS devoid of all graphical trappings.
effective permissions
User's combined permissions granted by multiple groups.
desktop
User's primary interface to the Windows operating system.
RAID 5
Uses block-level and parity data striping. Requires three or more drives.
RAID 0
Uses byte-level striping and provides no fault tolerance.
PoE Power Over Ethernet
Uses ethernet cabling for power. Most common is 802.3af, 12watts max
How does a Laser Printer work?
Uses heat and pressure to melt toner pellets onto the page
RAID 1
Uses mirroring or duplexing for increased data redundancy.
I/O addressing
Using the address bus to talk to system devices.
multicore processing
Using two or more execution cores on one CPU die to divide up work independently of the OS.
dual-channel architecture
Using two sticks of RAM (either RDRAM or DDR) to increase throughput.
registration
Usually optional process that identifies the legal owner/user of the product to the supplier.
buffered/registered DRAM
Usually seen in motherboards supporting more than four sticks of RAM, required to address interference issues caused by the additional sticks.
Event Viewer
Utility made available in Windows as an MMC snap-in that enables users to monitor various system events, including network bandwidth usage and CPU utilization.
System Monitor
Utility that can evaluate and monitor system resources, such as CPU usage and memory usage.
Device Manager
Utility that enables techs to examine and configure all the hardware and drivers in a Windows PC.
Which type of connector is the most common cable used for liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors?
VGA
Which type of workstation would benefit a user who needs access to a variety of operating system-specific applications on the same machine?
VM
motherboard book
Valuable resource when installing a new motherboard. Normally lists all the specifications about a motherboard, including the type of memory and type of CPU usable with the motherboard.
Attributes
Values in file that determine the hidden, read-only, system and archive status of the file.
You find that you have no network connectivity after a thorough physical connectivity check between your computer and the Ethernet jack. What do you check next?
Verify that the operating system recognizes the network interface card (NIC)
Windows 8
Version of Windows noted for the Metro interface. Used for desktop and portable PCs and for mobile devices.
Windows XP
Version of Windows that replaced both the entire Windows 9x line and Windows 2000; does not have a Server version. No longer supported by Microsoft.
Windows 7
Version of Windows; comes in many different editions for home and office use, but does not have a Server edition.
Windows Vista
Version of Windows; comes in many different editions for home and office use, but does not have a Server edition.
Advantages of a laser printer
Very high quality and Fast printing speeds
Advantages of a thermal pritner
Very inexpressive Almost silent
Disadvantages of an Impact Printer
Very noisy Poor graphics
SD (Secure Digital)
Very popular format for flash media cards; also supports I/O devices.
mini-audio connector
Very popular, 1/8-inch-diameter connector used to transmit two audio signals; perfect for stereo sound.
xD (Extreme Digital) picture card
Very small flash media card format.
worm
Very special form of virus. Unlike other viruses, a worm does not infect other files on the computer. Instead, it replicates by making copies of itself on other systems on a network by taking advantage of security weaknesses in networking protocols.
Which one of the following devices would yo insert into an Accelerated Graphics Port(AGP) slot?
Video
Most important part of a Home Theater workstation
Video Audio (HDMI, Surround Sound, TV Tuner)
Most important part of a Audio/Video editing workstation
Video Storage (Fast storage and dual monitor)
The Peripheral Component Interface(PCI) Express x16 bus architecture is exclusively designed for_______?
Video Adapter Card
What component must you often upgrade in a typical system if you are working with higher end graphics required in gaming?
Video Card
A customer calls and says that her computer will not boot. The customer reports that she can hear the fan and drives running and the lights on the box are lit but the screen is blank. Which components would you take to the site to fix the problem?
Video card & Monitor
XGA (extended graphics array)
Video display mode of 1024 × 768.
SXGA
Video display mode of 1280 × 1024.
WXGA
Video display mode of 1280 × 800.
SXGA+
Video display mode of 1400 × 1050.
WSXGA
Video display mode of 1440 × 900
WSXGA+
Video display mode of 1680 × 1050.
WUXGA
Video display mode of 1920 × 1200.
WQUXGA
Video display mode of 2560 × 1600.
QVGA
Video display mode of 320 × 240.
WVGA
Video display mode of 800 × 480.
SVGA (super video graphics array)
Video display mode of 800 × 600.
You just purchased a widescreen flat panel display. The old monitor was configured at 800x600 resolution. You install the new display and it works properly, but when you try to change the resolution setting to the recommended 1280 x 768 the resolution is not available. What is the problem?
Video memory is too slow
3-D Graphics
Video technology that attempts to create image with the same depth and texture as objects seen in the real world.
3-D graphics
Video technology that attempts to create images with the same depth and texture as objects seen in the real world.
Which type of printer allows you to print text files to an image file format (such as a .JPEG) so that you can email an image of the text to a colleague?
Virtual Printer
parallel execution
When a multicore CPU processes more than one thread.
In which type of situation would a sub-multi-assembly (SMA) fiber optic cable be particularly useful?
When a waterproof connection is needed
When should you replace a toner cartridge?
When output is faded
Which form of wireless encryption introduced the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) security protocol?
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
WAN
Wide area network
LCD IPS In Plane Switching
Wider viewing angles, more expensive.
navigation pane
Windows 7's name for the Folders list in Windows Explorer.
What operating systems support Secure Boot?
Windows 8, 8.1, Windows Server 2012, 2012 R2, Linux Fedora, openSUSE, Ubuntu
bootmgr
Windows Boot Manager for Vista and later versions.
Programs and Features
Windows Control Panel applet; enables uninstalling or changing program options and altering Windows features.
Reset your PC
Windows RE option in Windows 8 and later that nukes the system— deleting all apps, programs, user files, and user settings—and presents a fresh installation of Windows. Use Reset as the last resort when troubleshooting a PC. And back up data first, if possible.
Refresh your PC
Windows RE option in Windows 8 and later that rebuilds the OS, but preserves all user files and settings and any applications purchased from the Windows Store. Note well: Refresh deletes every other application on a system.
Reliability and Performance Monitor
Windows Vista's extended Performance applet.
Backup and Restore Center
Windows Vista/7's backup utility (Windows 7 drops "Center" from the name). It offers two options: create a backup or restore from a backup.
ASR (Automated System Recovery)
Windows XP tool designed to recover a badly corrupted Windows system; similar to the ERD in Windows 2000.
APIPA Automatic private internet protocol addressing
Windows can assign IP addresses if DHCP will not. EX: 169.254.0.0 Link-Local Addresses
tracert
Windows command-line utility used to follow the path a packet takes between two hosts. Called traceroute in Mac OS X and Linux.
User's Files
Windows default location for content specific to each user account on a computer. It is divided into several folders such as Documents, Pictures, Music, and Video.
Several users complain that a newly repaired printer is not printing for them. What do you suspect is the problem?
Windows does not recognize the printer as being online.
UAC (User Account Control)
Windows feature that enables standard accounts to do common tasks and provides a permissions dialog box when standard and administrator accounts do certain things that could potentially harm the computer (such as attempt to install a program).
What is SMB?
Windows file transfers and printer sharing
Documents folder
Windows folder for storing user-created files.
Error-checking
Windows graphical tool that scans and fixes hard drive problems. Often referred to by the name of the executable, chkdsk, or Check Disk. The Mac OS X equivalent is the Disk Utility, and Linux offers a command-line tool called fsck.
Windows Easy Transfer
Windows method of transferring files and settings to a new PC.
AutoPlay
Windows setting, along with autorun.inf, enabling Windows to detect media files automatically and begin using them. (See autorun.inf.)
file association
Windows term for the proper program to open a particular file; for example, the file association for opening or .mp3 files might be Winamp.
Performance Monitor
Windows tool for observing a computer's performance.
Sysprep (System Preparation Tool)
Windows tool that makes cloning of systems easier by making it possible to undo portions of the installation.
Remote Desktop
Windows tool used to enable a local system to graphically access the desktop of a remote system.
Local Security Policy
Windows tool used to set local security policies on an individual system.
Windows Explorer
Windows utility that enables you to manipulate files and folders stored on the drives in your computer. Rebranded as File Explorer in Windows 8, 8.1, and 10.
primary corona
Wire that is located near the photosensitive drum in a laser printer and is charged with extremely high voltage to form an electric field, enabling voltage to pass to the photosensitive drum, thus charging the photosensitive particles on the surface of the drum. Also called the primary charge roller.
802.11n
Wireless networking standard that can operate in both the 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz bands and uses multiple in/multiple out (MIMO) to achieve a theoretical maximum throughput of 100+ Mbps.
802.11b
Wireless networking standard that operates in the 2.4-GHz band with a theoretical maximum throughput of 11 Mbps.
802.11g
Wireless networking standard that operates in the 2.4-GHz band with a theoretical maximum throughput of 54 Mbps and is backward compatible with 802.11b.
802.11ac
Wireless networking standard that operates in the 5-GHz band and uses multiple in/multiple out (MIMO) and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) to achieve a theoretical maximum throughput of 1 Gbps.
802.11a
Wireless networking standard that operates in the 5-GHz band with a theoreticaltheo- retical maximum throughput of 54 Mbps
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
Wireless security protocol that uses a standard 40-bit encryption to scramble data packets. Does not provide complete end-to-end encryption and is vulnerable to attack.
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
Wireless security protocol that uses encryption key integrity-checking/TKIP and EAP and is designed to improve on WEP's weaknesses. Supplanted by WPA 2.
WPA 2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)
Wireless security protocol, also known as IEEE 802.11i. Uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and replaces WPA.
Bluetooth
Wireless technology designed to create small wireless networks preconfigured to do specific jobs, but not meant to replace full-function networks or Wi-Fi.
frontside bus
Wires that connect the CPU to the main system RAM. Generally running at speeds of 66-133 MHz. Distinct from the expansion bus and the backside bus, though it shares wires with the former.
During what stage of the laser printing process is the image imprinted on the EP drum by the laser?
Writing
The most common architecture for CPUs today is __________________?
X86 or 32-bit
AOL
You've got mail!
You install a new hard disk that reportedly has excellent performance benchmarks into your three-year-old computer. After installing the new disk and using it, you find that its performance is disappointing at best. What might be the cause of the poor performance?
Your computer's disk controller is too old.
ZIF Socket
Zero Insertion Force
802.11 Wireless LAN
a, 54Mb/s, 5GHz b, 11Mb/s, 2.4GHz g, 54Mb/s, 2.4GHz n, 300/600Mb/s, 5/2.4GHz ac, 1.7Gb/s, 5GHz
Common network speed
are 1000 Mb/s (gigabit Ethernet) and 10 Gb/s (10 Gb ethernet).
IPv6 addresses
are 128-bit hexadecimal numbers (example: 2001:7120:0000:8001:0000:0000:0000:1F10). ::1 is the loopback address. Unicast IPv6 addresses are assigned to a single interface and are the most common type.
IPv4 addresses
are 32-bit dotted-decimal numbers (example 192.168.1.1) and can be statically (manually) inputed or dynamically assigned (DHCP).
Hard Drives
are nonvolatile devices that store data.
Laptops
are smaller versions of desktop PCs. They have replaceable items such as keyboards, touchpads, SODIMM RAM, displays, inverters, batteries, optical disc drives, smart card readers, and 2.5" or 1.8' hard drives (SSD, HDD, or HYBRID). They use M.2, MIni PCIe, and MIni PCI (internal) and ExpressCard /34 and /54 (external) technologies. THey have Fn key for implementing secondary key functions.
Nbtstat
displays network protocol statistics that use NetBIOS over TCP/IP connections.
IEEE 1394 CHAINS
can have up to 63 devices.
UTP cable speeds
cat3 10Mb/s cat5 100Mb/1Gb 100MHz cat5e 100Mb/1Gb 100MHz/350MHz cat6 1000Mb/10Gb 250MHz/500MHz cat7 1000Mb/10Gb 600MHz/1000MHz Normally can run 100m before attenuation occurs. made of plastic with no shielding susceptible to EMI and wire tapping
virus
code that runs on a computer without the users knowledge; it infects the computer when the code is accessed and executed
HTPCs (Home Theatre PCs)
compact form factor, surround sound, HDMI output, TV tuner.
PS/2
connect keyboard/mice. 6-pin mini DIN connector
Routers
connect two or more LANS and connect LANs to the internet.
A WMC computer is having display problems. How can you adjust the graphics hardware acceleration so that you can troubleshoot the problem?
control panel > system > advanced > Performance
What would be the proper storage environment of OPC* Organic PhotoConductive) drums?
cool and dark
Outbound modem converts
digital to analog
What storage component contains flash memory and a flash memory controller integrated onto the same silicon die?
eMMC(embedded Multimedia Controller)
What does an External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA) interface allow you to do?
eSATA specification, which defines an external connector for the same SATA signalling conventions. This allows external powered hard drives to be attached to a PC's internal SATA controller
bus
eries of wires connecting two or more separate electronic devices, enabling those devices to communicate. Also, a network topology where computers all connect to a main line called a bus cable.
Home server PCs
gigabit NIC, RAID arrays, print sharing, file sharing, media streaming.
Solid State Media
includes solid state hard drives (SSDs), USB Flash drives, CompactFlash, and Secure (SD) cards.
Custom PCs (Personal Computer)
include audio/video workstations (need special A/V cards, Fast hard drives, multiple monitors)
Which of the following Windows command line network commands will clear Internet Protocol (IP) address information from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server or from Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)?
ipconfig /release
Bluetooth
is a short-range technology aimed at simplifying communications and synchronization among network devices.
RAID 10
is mirrored sets in a striped set. Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks.
RAID 1
is mirroring. Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks. It also uses two disk controllers, it is disk duplexing.
RAID 5
is striping with parity. Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks.
RAID 0
is striping. Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks. It also is not fault-tolerant.
BIOS/UEFI
it identifies, tests, and initializes components and boots to hard drive, optical disc, USB flash drive, or network via PXE. CMOS stores time/date and passwords. CR2032 lithium battery provides power to CMOS.
Thin Clients
low resources, meets minimum requirements for OS, relies on server, diskless, embedded OS, network connectivity.
Command prompt for testing memory
mdsched.exe
E-Mail servers
message server family. Microsoft Exchange is the most common Exchange server runs POP3, SMTP, IMAP, outlook web app OWA for connections via a web browser.
Gaming PCs
multicore CPU, high end video, high-def sound, high-end cooling
CAD/CAM workstations
need powerful multicore CPUs, high-end video cards, maximized RAM.
Where are BIOS settings stored?
nonvolatile BIOS memory. Flash memory
HUB
original connecting device for computers on the LAN Only allows two computers to communicate with each other at one time
equipment rack
patch panels. Most racks are 19 inches wide. Devices designed to fit in such a rack use a height measurement called units, or simply U.
Firewalls
protect individual computers and networks from unwanted intrusion.
Nslookup
queries DNS servers to discover DNS details, including the IP address of hosts.
The process of recharging or reenergizing the memory registers is also referred to as the process of __________.
refreshing
ping -a
resolves addresses to hostname.
ransomware
restricts access to a computer or locks the system until a ransom is paid. often propagated by a trojan.
ping -4
results in IPv4 data.
ping -6
results in IPv6 data.
What should a thin client be able to do?
run the basic applications needed
IEEE1394B
runs at 800 Mb/s
worm
similar to viruses except that it self-replicates, whereas a virus does not.
3.5 -inch floppy drive
size of all modern floppy disk drives; the format was introduced in 1986 and is one of the longest surviving pieces of computer hardware.
File Server
store,transfer, migrate, synchronize, and archive files. EX: Microsoft server, OS X Server, Ubunto, Red Hat.
What port does SSH use?
tcp/22
What port does LDAP use?
tcp/389, udp/389
What port does SLP use?
tcp/427, udp/427
What port does SMB use?
tcp/445
What port does AFP use?
tcp/548
Where is Secure Boot built into?
the BIOS
spam
the abuse of electronic messaging systems such as e-mail, broadcast media, and IM.
What should you also replace when replacing an impact printer ribbon?
the print head
net use
to view any currently mapped network drives
Optical Disk Drives
uses removable media to store and retrieve data, Typically 5.25".
When replacing a power supply which of the following would you use to determine a replacement unit?
wattage
Test network connections
with patch tester, LAN cable tester, tone, and probe. Test NIC or RJ45 jack/switch port with loopback plug.
wrapper
wrapper
