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USB

2.0- 480MB/s 5m 3.0- 5.0GB/s 3m 3.1- 10.0GB/s 3m Computer can have MAX 127 USB devices Four pins 5v Mostly half duplex Type A/B 4pins Micro/Mini 5pins Type A is flat, Type B is square

At what frequency do Bluetooth-connected devices communicate?

2.4 GHz

Wireless Frequency channels

2.4GHz channel 1-11 5GHz channel 48-165

DDR1 RAM

2.5v

Thunderbolt v2

20 Gbit/s aggregated channels

Pins on DDR and DDE2 SDRAM SO-DIMM

200

Pins on DDR3 SDRAM SO-DIMM

204

FTP file transfer protocol

What is the default port for FTP

Pins on a Micro DIMM DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM

214

SSH Secure Shell

22 File transfer on secured channel.

What is the value of 1101 1100 in decimal?

220

Telnet

Bluetooth 3.0+HS Data Rate

24 Mbit/s

Bluetooth 4.0 Data Rate

24 Mbit/s

Pins on DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM

240

DDR2 DIMM

240 pins

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

25 Sends email, send mail to people.

Single Layer Blu-Ray Capacity

25 GB

Throughput of PCIe

250 MB/s to 2GB/s

Class A Subnet Mask

255.0.0.0

Class B Subnet Mask

255.255.0.0

Class C Subnet Mask

255.255.255.0

DDR4 DIMM

288 pins 1.05v Not backwards compatible.

What is the maximum bandwidth of graded index multimode fiber?

2GHz

What is the minimum number of disks required for a configuration of RAID level 5?

An analog computer monitor connection has how many rows of pins?

3 15pins

Bluetooth 2.0+EDR Data Rate

3 Mbit/s

Maximum distance of thunderbolt over copper

3 meters

Average Latency of a 10,000 RPM HDD

3 ms

Sata 2

3.0 Gbit/s, 1 meter

What are the three voltages provided by the power supply in most systems?

3.3, 5, 12

TCP/IP addresses in the current version most heavily used today are ___________ bits long.

CPU Bits

32 bit - (Can handle 4GB of RAM) 64 bit - (

DIMM (dual inline memory module)

32- or 64-bit type of DRAM packaging with the distinction that each side of each tab inserted into the system performs a separate function. DIMMs come in a variety of sizes, with 184-, 240-, and 288-pin being the most common on desktop computers.

CardBus

32-bit PC cards that can support up to eight devices on each card. Electrically incompatible with earlier PC cards (3.3 V versus 5 V).

The PCI Interface supports which two bus widths?

32/64

What is the maximum wattage of an 8-pin connector that provides 12 volts of power to the central processing unit (CPU)?

336 watt

RDP

3389

How many channels must exist between two 802.11b frequency bands in order to avoid channel overlap?

How many disks are required to set up a RAID 10 (1+0( array)?

How many pins are contained in the Molex drive connector?

What is the maximum number of MIMO streams supported by 802.11n wireless standards?

IrDA (Infrared Data Association)

4 Mbit/s Line of sight, 1 meter

Molex Power Connector

4-pin Red 5v, Black ground, black ground, yellow 12v Used in case fans, IDE hard drives, optical drives.

Average Latency of 7200 RPM HDD

4.16 ms

DVD Sing Layer Capacity

4.7 GB

ATA33

40 Pins

Thunderbolt v3

40Gbit/s

SLP

427 service location protocol

HTTPS

443 HTTP with security

What is the maximum data transfer speed in the Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0 standard?

480 Mbps

USB 2.0

480 megabits pers second 5 meters

What is the maximum data transfer speed in the Universal Serial Bus (USB) 3.0 standard?

5 Gigabits per second (Gbps)

USB 3.0 Super Speed

5 gigabits per second 3 meters

Average Latency of 5400 RPM HDD

5.55 ms

Dual Layer Blu-Ray Capacity

50 GB

What is the largest sized Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) 0 partition you could create if you combined a 50 gigabyte (GB) drive with a 250 megabyte (MB) drive?

500 MB

What is blu-ray maximum storage?

50GB

DNS

53 Domain Naming system

AFP

548 apple filing protocol

What is the voltage provided by the USB standard?

What is the cable limit for the USB 2.0 standard?

PCIe Power Connector

6-pin, 12v version 2.1 8-pin, 12v version 2.2

How many pins does a FireWire 400 connector have?

6-pins

Sata 3

6.0 Gbit/s, 1 meter

Maximum distance of thunderbolt over optical

60 meters

Processor Temperature

60-75celsius 140-167F

What is the maximum data throughput supported by the 802.11n standard?

600 Mbps

What is the data path for modern memory which allows modules to be installed individually and provide 8 bytes of data transfer simultaneously?

64-bit

DDR Double Data Rate

64-bit wide bus (8bytes per second) Data Transfer Rate is: Clock Speed * bytes * 2 100MHz * 8 * 2 = 1600MB/s

How many pins are contained in the SATA data cable?

CD Capacity

700 MB

What is the typical CD capacity?

700MB

Color Depth used in windows

8-bit 256 16-bit 65,536 24-bit 16,777,216 32-bit 4,294,967,296

DVD Dual Layer Capacity

8.5 GB

HTTP

80 transfers webpages

ATA 66

80 Pins

What standard supports speeds up to 54 Mbps in the 5 GHz frequency band.

802.11a

Which IEEE wireless LAN standards is not compatible with the standard currently known as Wi-Fi

802.11a

Of the IEEE specifications listed, which ones are capable of operating at 54Mbps

802.11a, 802.11g, & 802.11n

What is capable of reaching transmission speeds of over 1 Gbps

802.11ac

What standard supports speeds up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

802.11b

What standard supports speeds up to 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

802.11g

Which Wi-Fi standard provides data transfer up to 54Mbps on the 2.4Ghz frequency range?

802.11g

Which wireless LAN standard remains backwards compatible with 802.11b, but specifies higher data rates?

802.11g

What standard supports speeds up to 600 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency ranges.

802.11n

Which wireless standard can transmit at speeds up to 500Mbps

802.11n

How many pins does a FireWire 800 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)1394B connector have?

Micro ATX Motherboard

9.6in by 9.6in to 6.75in by 6.75in Backawards compatible with ATX

How big is a microATX board?

9.6x9.6 inches

Loopback Address for IPv6

::1

multifactor authentication

Authentication schema requiring more than one unique authentication method. For example, a password and a fingerprint.

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

Authentication wrapper that EAP-compliant applications can use to accept one of many types of authentication. While EAP is a general-purpose authentication wrapper, its only substantial use is in wireless networks.

DAC (Discretionary Access Control)

Authorization method based on the idea that there is an owner of a resource who may at his or her discretion assign access to that resource. DAC is considered much more flexible than mandatory access control (MAC).

What is DHCP?

Automate the IP address configuration process

What is APIPA?

Automatic Private IP Addressing Automatically assigned addresses 169.255.1.0 through 169.254.254.255

What Windows feature allows a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) client computer to configure itself automatically with an IP address in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 if no DHCP server is available?

Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA)

Which optical media has a maximum capacity on the original dual layer discs of 50GB?

Blu ray

BD-RE

Blu-Ray Disc Recordable Erasable

Blu-Ray

Blu-Ray Discs (BDs) Are used for HD and games and have a capacity of 25 to 128 GB (mini-discs 7.8 or 15.6 GB) and a write speed of 1x to 16x (36 Mb/s to 576 Mb/s).

BD-R

Blu-ray Disc Recordable

BD-ROM (Blu-ray Disc-Read Only Media)

Blu-ray Disc equivalent of a DVDROM or CD-ROM. (See Blu-ray Disc.)

BD-RE (Blu-ray Disc-REwritable)

Blu-ray Disc equivalent of the rewritable DVD, allows writing and rewriting several times on the same BD. (See Blu-ray Disc.)

BD-R (Blu-ray Disc-Recordable)

Blu-ray Disc format that enables writing data to blank discs.

Which choice below best describes the use of CompactFlash Device

CompactFlash Device is a SSD with no moving parts capable of storing data, images, music and more. They are popular in audio and video recording applications

Pearson VUE

Company that administers the CompTIA A+ exams.

ISP (Internet service provider)

Company that provides access to the Internet, usually for money.

ISO file

Complete copy (or image) of a storage media device, typically used for optical discs. ISO image files typically have a file extension of .iso.

Registry

Complex binary file used to store configuration data about a particular Windows system. To edit the Registry, users can use the applets found in the Control Panel or regedit.exe or regedt32.exe.

CMOS

Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

erase lamp

Component inside laser printers that uses light to make the coating of the photosensitive drum conductive.

Which one of the following cables produces the lowest quality of video output?

Composite

file server

Computer designated to store software, courseware, administrative tools, and other data on a LAN or WAN. It "serves" this information to other computers via the network when users enter their personal access codes.

video capture

Computer jargon for the recording of video information, such as TV shows or movies.

HDMI

Can carry out video and audio. A-Supports all HD modes, compatible with DVI-D B-Double-video bandwidth, supports higher resolutions C-Mini-HMDI, portable devices D-Micro-HDMI, smallest

(ECC) Error Correction Code

Can detect and correct errors. Slowest and most expensive RAM type. Can be disabled in BIOS.

sampling

Capturing sound waves in electronic format.

printhead

Case that holds the printwires in a dot-matrix printer.

What is the minimum cable type specified for 100baseTX

Cat 5

Which UTP category will support Gigabit Ethernet

Cat 6

Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 16 MHz?

Cat-3

Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 100 MHz?

Cat-5

Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 1 Gbps?

Cat-5E

Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 250 MHz and max 10Gbps?

Cat-6

Which category of twisted pair cable supports a signaling rate of 1 GHz?

Cat-7

What category of UTP is most commonly used and provides the ability to achieve 1Gbps transfer speeds?

Cat5e

CAT 5e

Category 5e wire; TIA/EIA standard for UTP wiring that can operate at up to 1 Gbps.

CAT 6

Category 6 wire; TIA/EIA standard for UTP wiring that can operate at up to 10 Gbps.

CAT 6a

Category 6a wire; augmented CAT 6 UTP wiring that supports 10GbE networks at the full 100-meter distance between a node and a switch.

Switch

Central connecting device that all computers connect to (Topology), sends the signals directly to the correct computers instead of broadcasting to all computers. Does this by identifying the MAC address. Common in 1Gb/s, 10Gb/s networks 1Gb/s is 802.3ab 10Gb/s is 802.3an

Which two hardware components would you suspect if a user reported to you that she frequently, but randomly, experiences shutdowns?

Central processing unit (CPU), power supply

The buffer surrounds the core and cladding and is usually made of plastic.

Coating

product key

Code used during installation to verify legitimacy of the software.

file

Collection of any form of data that is stored beyond the time of execution of a single job. A file may contain program instructions or data, which may be numerical, textual, or graphical information.

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

Collection of protocols that makes voice calls over a data network possible.

net

Command in Windows that enables users to view a network without knowing the names of the other computers on that network.

xcopy

Command in the command-line interface used to copy multiple directories at once, which the copy command could not do.

md (mkdir)

Command in the command-line interface used to create directories.

mkdir

Command in the command-line interface used to create directories.

del (erase)

Command in the command-line interface used to delete/erase files.

format

Command in the command-line interface used to format a storage device.

move

Command in the command-line interface used to move a file from one location to another.

rd (rmdir)

Command in the command-line interface used to remove directories.

ren (rename)

Command in the command-line interface used to rename files and folders.

dir

Command used in the command-line interface to display the entire contents of the current working directory.

Attrib.exe

Command used to view the specific properties of a file; can be also be used to modify or remove file properties, such as read-only, system, or archive.

Recovery Console

Command-line interface boot mode for Windows that is used to repair a Windows XP system suffering from massive OS corruption or other problems.

Windows PowerShell

Command-line tool included with Windows. Offers a number of powerful scripting tools for automating changes both on local machines and over networks.

expand

Command-line utility included with Windows that is used to access files within CAB files.

What are T568A, T568B, and T568C?

Commercial cabling standards

Which protocol allows users to open and share files over the Internet in native applications rather than just in web browsers?

Common Internet File System (CIFS)

Wi-Fi

Common name for the IEEE 802.11 wireless Ethernet standard.

CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)

Common remote access protocol; the serving system challenges the remote client, usually by means of asking for a password.

LPT port

Commonly referred to as a printer port; usually associated with a local parallel port.

broadband

Commonly understood as a reference to high-speed, always-on communication links that can move large files much more quickly than a regular phone line.

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol

Communication over IP-based networks. Phone for the computer.

Which processor feature segregates memory areas for storage of code or of data for security purposes?

Disable execute bit

What should you do to protect your computer's components from a failing power supply?

Disconnect all the components before troubleshooting

What should you do to repair a drive acting sluggish?

Disk Defragmenter

What technique is employed in a Redundant Array of Independent Disks 1 (RAID 1) configuration to ensure that the controller card is not a single point of failure?

Disk duplexing

eliciting answers

Communication strategy designed to help techs understand a user's problems better. Works by listening to a user's description of a problem and then asking cogent questions.

www.comptia.org

CompTIA's Web site.

thick client

CompTIA's name for a standard desktop computer. Runs desktop appli- cations and meets recommended requirements for selected OS.

RAID 6

Disk striping with extra parity. Like RAID 5, but with more parity data. Requires five or more drives, but you can lose up to two drives at once and your data is still protected.

bootable disk

Disk that contains a functional operating system; can also be a floppy disk, USB thumb drive, or optical disc.

fdisk

Disk-partitioning utility used in DOS and Windows 9x systems.

DLP (digital light processing)

Display technology that reflects and directs light onto a display surface using micromechanically operated mirrors.

SRAM

Does not need to be refreshed. volatile faster than DRAM

DNS

Domain Name System

What service enables clients to locate the servers that host the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Which database does the nslookup utility query for information about a host?

Domain Name System (DNS)

DNS

Domain Naming System

What 3 things must be specified on a workstation for DNS resolution?

Domain, Host, & IP Address

Which of the following is an example of an impact printer?

Dot Matrix

DDR2

Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM 2x the bus clock multiplier of DDR

DDR3

Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM 4x the bus clock multiplier of DDR

DDR

Double Data Rate SDRAM Twice the data rate of SDRAM

Which type of Random Access Memory (RAM) eventually replaced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) by transferring data twice per clock cycle?

Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR SDRAM)

BitLocker Drive Encryption

Drive encryption software offered in high-end versions of Windows. BitLocker requires a special chip to validate hardware status and to ensure that the computer hasn't been hacked.

mount point

Drive that functions like a folder mounted into another drive.

unsigned driver

Driver that has not gone through the Windows Certification Program to ensure compatibility. The Windows Certification Program was formerly known as the Windows Hardware Quality Labs and the Microsoft Windows Logo Program.

DIMM

Dual Inline Memory Module Electrical contact are different on each size

Double-sided DIMMS are also referred to as?

Dual Rank

Printer Configuration settings:

Duplexing = printing on both sides Collating = printing multiple jobs in sequence Orientations = portrait or landscape Quality = DPI (600 or 1200) Dots per inch

IP addresses that are assigned to a node each time it connects to the network

Dynamic

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

What allows any number of internal addresses to share a pool of external addresses.

Dynamic Network Address Translation (DNAT)

there is not a one-to-one ratio of internal to external addresses. This basically means that any number of internal addresses can share a pool of external addresses.

Dynamic Network Address Translation (DNAT)

DRAM

Dynamic RAM Required constant refreshing to maintain data. Write once

What ports have a range of 49152 to 65535

Dynamic and private

Subnet Mask

EX: 255.255.255.0 defines which portion of the IP address is the network number and which portion is the individual host number. The 255's defines the network portion, while the 0 indicates the host number.

region code

Encoding that restricts you from playing DVD or Blu-ray Disc movies on a player that doesn't share the same region code.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Encrypted connection over the Internet between a computer or remote network and a private network.

What is SSH?

Encrypted remote console login

ARM

Energy-efficient processor design frequently used in mobile devices.

MFT (master file table)

Enhanced file allocation table used by NTFS. (See also FAT.)

PCI-X (PCI Extended)

Enhanced version of PCI, 64 bits wide. Typically seen in servers and high-end systems.

power conditioning

Ensuring and adjusting incoming AC wall power to as close to standard as possible. Most UPS devices provide power conditioning.

EPROM

Erasable PROM Write/Erase/Write again

Some memory modules, a DIMM for example, normally have an even number of hips on them. If you come across DIMM with an odd number of chips it means the memory is:

Error Correction Code(ECC)

File Systems

FAT32- USB exFAT- SD NTFS- Windows

Which utility must you use to prepare a disk or filesystem BEFORE you format it?

FDISK

If you install a new disk drive into a computer, but cannot access it, what must you do to make the disk accessible?

FDISK and FORMAT

Software on a non-volatile chip is called _______?

FIRMWARE

PGA 905

FM1 Release Date: 2011 CPUs: AMD 10h RAM: DDR3 dual-channel

Which socket type is designed to work with Athlon's X4 processor?

FM2

PGA 904

FM2 Release Date: 2012 CPUs: Piledriver RAM: DDR3 dual-channel

PGA 906

FM2+ Release Date: 2014 CPUs: Steamroller RAM: DDR3 dual-channel

What is Port 21?

FTP

distended capacitors

Failed capacitors on a motherboard, which tend to bulge out at the top. This was especially a problem during the mid-2000s, when capacitor manufacturers released huge batches of bad capacitors

Library

Feature in Windows 7 and later that aggregates folders from multiple locations and places them in a single, easy-to-find spot in Windows Explorer or File Explorer. Default libraries in Windows include Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos.

accelerometer

Feature in smartphones and tablets that rotates the screen when the device is physically rotated.

MIMO (multiple in/multiple out)

Feature of 802.11n devices that enables the simultaneous connection of up to four antennas, greatly increasing throughput. 802.11ac also uses MU-MIMO, which gives a WAP the capability to broadcast to multiple users simultaneously.

event auditing

Feature of Event Viewer's Security section that creates an entry in the Security Log when certain events happen, such as a user logging on.

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)

Feature of Windows that automatically assigns an IP address to the system when the client cannot obtain an IP address automatically.

Remote Assistance

Feature of Windows that enables users to give anyone control of his or her desktop over the Internet.

compatibility modes

Feature of Windows to enable software written for previous versions of Windows to operate in newer operating systems

chassis intrusion detection

Feature offered in some chassis that trips a switch when the chassis is opened.

quad-channel architecture

Feature similar to dual-channel RAM, but requiring four sticks instead of two.

Which type of Internet infrastructure is ideal for use in smaller areas where very high data exchange is a priority?

Fiber

Cables that use light

Fiber Optic

Of the media types listed, which has the highest bandwidth?

Fiber Optics

Which type of network cabling uses optical pulses of light instead of electrical signals?

Fiber optic

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

FTP

File Transfer Protocol Port 21

USB (universal serial bus)

General-purpose serial interconnect for keyboards, printers, joysticks, and many other devices. Enables hot-swapping of devices.

applet

Generic term for a program in the Windows Control Panel.

swipe

Gesture for mobile devices where you hold your finger on the screen and slide it across the screen, either right to left or top to bottom, depending on the type of application.

Memory Controller Chip

Gets data from the RAM to the CPU. The Go Between. Located in the CPU or northbridge.

1000BaseT

Gigabit Ethernet on UTP.

IoT Internet of Things

Global network of physical objects which have embedded processors that can communicate with computers across the internet.

Laptop Battery Alarms

Go to the battery area and the low battery notification

Ethic of Reciprocity

Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

printwires

Grid of tiny pins in a dot-matrix printer that strike an inked printer ribbon to produce images on paper.

Administrative Tools

Group of Control Panel applets, including Computer Management, Event Viewer, and Reliability and Performance Monitor.

LAN (local area network)

Group of computers connected via cabling, radio, or infrared that use this connectivity to share resources such as printers and mass storage.

triad

Group of three phosphors—red, green, blue—in a CRT.

Resource Pooling

Grouping of servers and infrastructure for use by multiple customers but in a way that is on-demand and scalable.

Web Server

Houses the website of the organization. Microsofts Internet information services Apache HTTP server (Linux) lighttpd (FreeBSD) iPlanet Web Server Sun (Oracle)

file format

How information is encoded in a file. Two primary types are binary (pictures) and ASCII (text), but within those are many formats, such as BMP and GIF for pictures. Commonly represented by a suffix at the end of the filename; for example, .txt for a text file or .exe for an executable.

What does the Repeat Delay setting in the Keyboard Properties dialog box control?

How long a key needs to be held down before characters repeats on the screen

What is the benefit of using plenum cable?

It does not give off poisonous gases when it burns.

What is the most defining quality of a face contact (FC) fiber optic connector?

It features a heavy duty ferrule in the center for more mechanical stability.

default gateway

In a TCP/IP network, the nearest router to a particular host. This router's IP address is part of the necessary TCP/IP configuration for communicating with multiple networks using IP.

Spyware

Malicious software either downloaded unwittingly from a website or installed along with some other third-party software.

Northbridge

Managed the connection between CPU and memory. May also connect high-end graphics such as PCIe

dual-scan passive matrix

Manufacturing technique for increasing display updates by refreshing two lines at a time.

Disadvantages of a laser printer

Many moving parts Requires memory int the printer Requires high voltages

EIDE (Enhanced IDE)

Marketing concept of hard drive-maker Western Digital, encompassing four improvements for IDE drives, including drives larger than 528 MB, four devices, increase in drive throughput, and non-hard drive devices.

DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

Max distance not part of standard 15 feet at 1920x1200 resolution

Bluetooth Radio Class 3

Maximum Power: 1 mW Range: 1 meter

Bluetooth Radio Class 1

Maximum Power: 100 mW Range: 100 meters

Bluetooth Radio Class 2

Maximum Power: 2.5 mW Range: 10 meters

work area

In a basic structured cabling network, often simply an office or cubicle that potentially contains a PC attached to the network

e-mail (electronic mail)

Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another via computer. Can also be sent automatically to a group of addresses (mailing list).

What is a defining quality of step index multimode fiber?

It contains a core surrounded by cladding, and uses total internal reflection to trap light.

A customer calls to say that the Windows desktop appears to be distorted. What could you do to try and isolate the problem?

Monitor can be malfunctioning & Boot computer to command prompts

Which component is most likely to use a DVI-D connection on the PC?

Monitor or video card

touchscreen

Monitor with a type of sensing device across its face that detects the location and duration of contact, usually by a finger or stylus.

Dynamic addresses

More common for a client computer Computer seeks out DHCP server so it can get its IP info automatically

Hypervisor type 1 (Bare Metal)

More efficient then type 2 hypervisor

flatbed scanner

Most popular form of consumer scanner; runs a bright light along the length of the tray to capture an image.

Most popularly implemented as Long Term Evolution (LTE), a wireless data standard with theoretical download speeds of 300 Mbps and upload speeds of 75 Mbps.

What does the Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) protocol do?

Most recent version of a standard protocol for receiving e-mail.

Fiber Optic

Most secure cable Single mode is used over longer distances, 8-10microns Multi mode is 50-62.5 microns 1000Mb/10Gb networks 600 meters

Which PC component provides data communications for all other internal and external components?

Motherboard

BTX (Balanced Technology eXtended)

Motherboard form factor designed as an improvement over ATX.

FlexATX

Motherboard form factor. Motherboards built in accordance with the FlexATX form factor are very small, much smaller than microATX motherboards.

MPEG-4

Moving Pictures Experts Group standard of video and audio compression offering improved compression over MPEG-2.

MPEG-2

Moving Pictures Experts Group standard of video and audio compression offering resolutions up to 1280 × 720 at 60 frames per second.

migration

Moving users from one operating system or hard drive to another.

This is the process of modifying IP address information in the IP packet headers as they pass through a router.

NAT

The data light on a NIC card will come on when which of the following happens?

NIC starts receiving Data

Which filesystem would you use to support file compression on Windows 7

NTFSNew Technology File System)

filename

Name assigned to a file when the file is first written on a disk. Every file on a disk within the same folder must have a unique name. Filenames can contain any character (including spaces), except the following: \ / : * ? " < > |

Ethernet

Name coined by Xerox for the first standard of network cabling and protocols. Based on a bus topology

DE (desktop environment)

Name for the various user interfaces found in Linux distributions.

Which networking command allows you to confirm that the computer can connect to a Domain Name System (DNS) server and resolve an IP address for a given computer name?

Nslookup

bit depth

Number of colors a video card is capable of producing. Common bit depths are 16-bit and 32-bit, representing 65,536 colors and 16.7 million colors (plus an 8-bit alpha channel for transparency levels), respectively.

40-pin ribbon cable

PATA cable used to attach EIDE devices (such as hard drives) or ATAPI devices (such as optical drives) to a system. (See PATA.)

80-wire ribbon cable

PATA cable used to attach fast EIDE devices (such as ATA/100 hard drives) or ATAPI devices (such as optical drives) to a system. (See PATA.)

webcam

PC camera most commonly used for Internet video.

TWAIN (technology without an interesting name)

Programming interface that enables a graphics application, such as a desktop publishing program, to activate a scanner, frame grabber, or other image-capturing device.

Component Services

Programming tools in Windows for the sharing of data objects between programs.

Component Services

Programming tools in Windows for the sharing of data objects between programs.

rearview projector

Projector that shoots an image onto a screen from the rear. Rearview projectors are usually self-enclosed and very popular for TVs, but are virtually unheard of in the PC world.

safety goggles

Protective glasses that keep stuff out of your eyes.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

Protocol in the TCP/IP suite used with the command-line utility of the same name (arp) to determine the MAC address that corresponds to a particular IP address.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Protocol that enables client hosts to request and receive TCP/IP settings automatically from an appropriately configured server.

NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System)

Protocol that operates at the Session layer of the OSI seven-layer model. This protocol creates and manages connections based on the names of the computers involved.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

Protocol used by many operating systems and applications to access directories.

Remote Desktop Protocol

Protocol used for Microsoft's Remote Desktop tool. Uses port 3389.

Which AMD processor uses the AM3 socket

Phenom II X6 black

RJ11

Phone cable 6 wires

persistence

Phosphors used in CRT screens continuing to glow after being struck by electrons, long enough for the human eye to register the glowing effect. Glowing too long makes the images smeary, and too little makes them flicker.

volume

Physical unit of a storage medium, such as tape reel or disk pack, that is capable of having data recorded on it and subsequently read. Also, a contiguous collection of cylinders or blocks on a disk that are treated as a separate unit.

bandwidth

Piece of the spectrum occupied by some form of signal, such as television, voice, or fax data. Signals require a certain size and location of bandwidth to be transmitted. The higher the bandwidth, the faster the signal transmission, allowing for a more complex signal such as audio or video. Because bandwidth is a limited space, when one user is occupying it, others must wait their turn. Bandwidth is also the capacity of a network to transmit a given amount of data during a given period.

PGA

Pin Grid Array (AMD)

Which of the following is the correct syntax for the command to ping another computer until you stop it manually?

Ping -t hostname

Limited connectivity?

Ping Localhost, then move outward and use ipconfig/all.

Why type of cabling must you run if you are to utilize the HVAC vents to run network lines?

Plenum rated cabling or plenum

All modern devices support __________________ so device drivers are loaded automatically and resources configured when the device is first connected to the system?

Plug and Play

flux reversal

Point at which a read/write head detects a change in magnetic polarity.

trackball

Pointing device distinguished by a ball that is rolled with the fingers.

Quality of Service (QoS)

Policies that control how much bandwidth a protocol, PC, user, VLAN, or IP address may use.

Which of the following is a common cause of low-quality image printing from a laser printer?

Poor-quality paper

ATX (Advance Technology Extended)

Popular mother form factor that generally replaced the AT form factor.

Print to file

Print to the driver, but save it as a file File will be in an output format specific to that printer Must copy the file to the printer: copy filename LPT1

If you see streaks on a printed page, which part of the printer needs to be cleaned?

Printer Heads

A machine with one or more printers connected to it. It can manage the print queues of several different devices

Printer Server

What tool is helpful in determining where a print job is faulting?

Printer Spooler

PCL (printer control language)

Printer control language created by HewlettPackard and used on a broad cross section of printers.

How does an Impact Printer work?

Printer head strikes a ribbon and the paper

dot-matrix printer

Printer that creates each character from an array of dots. Pins striking a ribbon against the paper, one pin for each dot position, form the dots. May be a serial printer (printing one character at a time) or a line printer.

dye-sublimation printer

Printer that uses a roll of heat-sensitive plastic film embedded with dyes, which are vaporized and then solidified onto specially coated paper to create a high-quality image.

thermal printer

Printer that uses heated printheads to create high-quality images on special or plain paper.

XPS (XML Paper Specification) print path

Printing subsystem in Windows. Has enhanced color management and good print layout fidelity.

How does an Inkjet Printer work?

Prints with very fine drops of ink

defragmentation (defrag)

Procedure in which all the files on a hard disk drive are rewritten on disk so that all parts of each file reside in contiguous clusters. The result is an improvement in disk speed during retrieval operations.

degauss

Procedure used to break up the electromagnetic fields that can build up on the cathode ray tube of a monitor; involves running a current through a wire loop. Most monitors feature a manual degaussing tool.

firmware upgrade

Process by which the BIOS of a motherboard can be updated to reflect patched bugs and added features. Performed, usually, through CMOS, though some motherboard manufacturers provide a Windows program for performing a firmware upgrade.

activation

Process of confirming that an installed copy of a Microsoft product (most commonly Windows or a Microsoft Office application) is legitimate. Usually done at the end of software installation.

calibration

Process of matching the print output of a printer to the visual output of a monitor.

NAT network address translation

Process of modifying IP addresses as information crosses a router. Hides an entire IP address space on the LAN.

multitasking

Process of running multiple programs or tasks on the same computer at the same time.

compression

Process of squeezing data to eliminate redundancies, allowing files to use less space when stored or transmitted.

A/V Sync

Process of synchronizing audio and video

A/V sync

Process of synchronizing audio and video.

burn

Process of writing data to a writable optical disc, such as a DVD-R.

Autodetection

Process through which new disks are automatically recognized by the BIOS.

escalate

Process used when person assigned to repair a problem is not able to get the job done, such as sending the problem to someone with more expertise.

Laser Printing Step 1

Processing Build the entire page into memory

Most important part of a Virtualization Workstation

Processor RAM (MAXIMUM CPU AND RAM)

Most important part of a Graphics/CAD/CAM workstation

Processor Video RAM (MAXIMUM RAM)

When you purchase a "boxed" processor from Intel, which of the choices will be in the kit?

Processor, cooling fan, and Thermal Kit

A power-on self-test (POST) card is used during POST to do what?

Produce diagnostic error codes

FM synthesis

Producing sound by electronic emulation of various instruments to more or less produce music and other sound effects.

Web browser

Program designed to retrieve, interpret, and display Web pages.

CMOS setup program

Program enabling you to access and update CMOS data. Also referred to as the System Setup Utility or BIOS setup.

browser

Program specifically designed to retrieve, interpret, and display Web pages.

virus

Program that can make a copy of itself without your necessarily being aware of it. Some viruses can destroy or damage files. The best protection is to back up files regularly.

Trojan horse

Program that does something other than what the user who runs the program thinks it will do. Used to disguise malicious code.

device driver

Program used by the operating system to control communications between the computer and peripherals

regedit.exe

Program used to edit the Windows Registry.

PROM

Programmable Read-Only Memory Programable ROM. Write once.

bug

Programming error that causes a program or a computer system to perform erratically, produce incorrect results, or crash. The term was coined when a real bug was found in one of the circuits of one of the first ENIAC computers.

msinfo32

Provides information about hardware resources, components, and the software environment. Also known as System Information.

Which of the following tasks are included as part of maintaining an impact printer?

Replacing the printhead and ribbon when necessary, and removing dust from the wheels in the tractor feed

Voltage

Representation of potential energy.

IPv6 Link Local Addresses

Required on every IPv6-enabled interface fe80::/10 with only one subnet allocated (all zeros) The last 64 bits are created with a modified EUI-64

Disadvantages of a thermal printer

Requires a specially coated paper Sensitive to light and heat Images degrades rapidly

RAM issue?

Reseat modules: clean with compressed air. Overheating? Try RAM heat sinks. BIOS beep codes or displayed errors? Consult motherboard docs and use POST card tester.

What should you do after periodic laser printer maintenance?

Reset the page count

DMA controller

Resides between the RAM and the devices and handles DMA requests.

native resolution

Resolution on an LCD monitor that matches the physical pixels on the screen.

USB Type-C (connector)

Reversible USB type cable that supports USB Super- Speed+ USB 3.1 with a top speed of 10 Gbps.

Which of the following devices would hold several expansion cards?

Riser

SATA (serial ATA)

Serialized version of the ATA standard that offers many advantages over PATA (parallel ATA) technology, including thinner cabling, keyed connectors, and lower power requirements.

SCSI chain

Series of SCSI devices working together through a host adapter.

beep codes

Series of audible tones produced by a motherboard during the POST. These tones identify whether the POST has completed successfully or whether some piece of system hardware is not working properly. Consult the manual for your particular motherboard for a specific list of beep codes.

program/programming

Series of binary electronic commands sent to a CPU to get work done.

The subnet mask provides what functionality in relation to the IP address?

Separates and distinguishes the network ID and host ID portions of the address

What type of cable use a miniDIN-4 connector?

Seperate S-video

Dual-Rail PSU

Seperates and limits the current through each wire to avoid overheating.

The IEEE 1394 interface is related to which type of bus?

Serial

To which of the available ports does an external modem attach?

Serial

SATA

Serial ATA uses a 15 pin power connector and 7-pin data connector. Rev 1 (1.5 Gb/s) Rev 2 (3 Gb/s) Rev 3 (6 Gb/s) Rev 3.2 (SATA express) (16 GB/s)

eSATA

Serial ATA-based connector for external hard drives and optical drives.

PCIe (PCI Express)

Serial communication - xl, x2, x4, x8, xl6, x32 lanes High performance for devices like high-end graphics adapters PCI Express throughput per-lane in each direction

COM port(s

Serial communications ports available on a computer. COMx is used to designate a uniquely numbered COM port such as COM1, COM2, etc.

ATAPI (ATA Packet Interface)

Series of standards that enables mass storage devices other than hard drives to use the IDE/ATA controllers. Popular with optical drives. (See EIDE.)

SMB

Server Message Block

SMB

Server Message Block Port 445 Port 137-139

What protocol helps share resources such as files, printers, and serial ports among computers.

Server Message Block (SMB)

Which protocol works on the Application layer and helps share resources such as files, printers, and serial ports among computers?

Server Message Block (SMB)

SLP

Service Location Protocol

maintenance kits

Set of commonly replaced printer components provided by many manufacturers.

algorithm

Set of rules for solving a problem in a given number of steps.

What must you do after replacing the paper spool on a thermal printer (before closing the unit)?

feed through the printer

rootkit

software designed to gain administrator level control over a computer system without being detected.

When install a processor fan, how is it attached

spring clamps

Networking connectors

twister pair (RJ45, RJ11)

What port does SNMP use?

udp/161

What port does DNS use?

udp/53

What port does DHCP use?

udp/67-68

UTM

unified threat management

IDS

intrusion detection system

IPS

intrusion prevention system

ping -n

pings the host a specific number of times.

ping -l

pings the host but specify the number of bytes per packet to be sent.

ping -t

pings the host until the command is stopped.

What device should you suspect if you smell a burning smell coming from the PC?

power supply

Virtualization workstations

powerful CPU and lots of Ram. Type 1 hypervisor is native or bare metal. Type 2 is hosted; runs on top of OS.

code

Set of symbols representing characters (e.g., ASCII code) or instructions in a computer program (a programmer writes source code, which must be translated into executable or machine code for the computer to use).

expansion bus

Set of wires going to the CPU, governed by the expansion bus crystal, directly connected to expansion slots of varying types (PCI, AGP, PCIe, etc.).

address bus

Set of wires leading from the CPU to the memory controller chip (traditionally the Northbridge) that enables the CPU to address RAM. Also used by the CPU for I/O addressing. On current CPUs with built-in memory controllers, the address bus refers to the internal electronic channel from the microprocessor to RAM, along which the addresses of memory storage locations are transmitted. Like a post office box, each memory location has a distinct number or address; the address bus provides the means by which the microprocessor can access every location in memory.

backside bus

Set of wires that connects the CPU to Level 2 cache. First appearing in the Pentium Pro, all modern CPUs have a backside bus. Some buses run at the full speed of the CPU, whereas others run at a fraction. Earlier Pentium IIs, for example, had backside buses running at half the speed of the processor. (See also frontside bus and external data bus.)

When you use your laser printer, the toner is not fused to the paper. What can you do to fix it?

Set the fuser mode for the paper

user profiles

Settings that correspond to a specific user account and may follow users regardless of the computers where they log on. These settings enable the user to have customized environment and security settings.

antistatic wrist strap

Special device worn around the wrist with a grounding connection designed to equalize electrical potential between a technician and an electronic device. Used to prevent electrostatic discharge.

dynamic disks

Special feature of Windows that enables users to span a single volume across two or more drives. Dynamic disks do not have partitions; they have volumes. Dynamic disks can be striped, mirrored, and striped or mirrored with parity.

CDDA (CD-Digital Audio)

Special format used for early CD-ROMs and all audio CDs; divides data into variable-length tracks. A good format to use for audio tracks but terrible for data because of lack of error checking.

cache (L1, L2, L3, etc.)

Special section of fast memory, usually built into the CPU, used by the onboard logic to store information most frequently accessed by the CPU.

ECC (error correction code)

Special software, embedded on hard drives, that constantly scans the drives for bad sectors.

SDK (software development kit)

Software that used to create custom applications or add features to existing applications on your mobile device.

digital zoom

Software tool to enhance the optical zoom capabilities of a digital camera.

DUN (Dial-up Networking)

Software used by Windows to govern the connection between the modem and the ISP.

LED (light-emitting diode)

Solid-state device that vibrates at luminous frequencies when current is applied.

SSD

Solid-state drive (flash-based)

SMB

TCP 445 NetBIOS 137-139 Server Message Block

What is the primary protocol that is used on the internet and LANs today?

TCP/IP

DNS (domain name service)

TCP/IP name resolution system that translates a host name into an IP address.

Processes

Tab in Task Manager that lists all running processes on a system. Frequently a handy tool for ending buggy or unresponsive processes.

Performance

Tab in Task Manager that tracks PC performance.

partition table

Table located in the boot sector of a hard drive that lists every partition on the disk that contains a valid operating system.

memory addressing

Taking memory address from system RAM and using it to address non-system RAM or ROM so the CPU can access it.

extension

Two, three, four, five, or more letters that follow a filename and identify the type of file. Common file extensions are .zip, .exe, .doc, .java, and .xhtml.

DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)

Type of DRAM that makes two processes for every clock cycle. (See also DRAM.)

TFT (thin film transistor)

Type of LCD screen. (See also active matrix.)

16-bit (PC Card)

Type of PC Card that can have up to two distinct functions or devices, such as a modem/network card combination.

DDR4 SDRAM

Type of SDRAM that offers higher density and lower voltages than DDR3, and can handle faster data transfer rates. Maximum theoretical capacity of DDR4 DIMMs is up to 512 GB.

DDR2 SDRAM

Type of SDRAM that sends 4 bits of data in every clock cycle. (See also DDR SDRAM.)

DDR3 SDRAM

Type of SDRAM that transfers data at twice the rate of DDR2 SDRAM.

fingerprint lock

Type of biometric device that enables a user to unlock a mobile device using a fingerprint.

34-pin ribbon cable

Type of cable used by floppy disk drives.

If you attempt to connect to a known wireless network Service Set Identifier (SSID), but receive a message that the SSID is not found, what is the problem?

Someone has changed the access poin'ts SSD

Memory Stick

Sony's flash memory card format; rarely seen outside of Sony devices.

AC'97

Sound card standard for lower-end audio devices; created when most folks listened to stereo sound at best.

PCM (pulse code modulation)

Sound format developed in the 1960s to carry telephone calls over the first digital lines.

5.1 Speaker System

Speaker setup consisting of four satellite speakers plus a center speaker and a subwoofer.

7.1 Speaker System

Speaker setup consisting of six satellite speakers (two front, two side, two rear) plus a center speaker and a subwoofer.

2.1 speaker system

Speaker setup consisting of two stereo speakers combined with a subwoofer.

cache (disk)

Special area of RAM that stores the data most frequently accessed from the hard drive. Cache memory can optimize the use of your systems.

microATX (μATX)

Variation of the ATX form factor, which uses the ATX power supply. MicroATX motherboards are generally smaller than their ATX counterparts but retain all the same functionality.

microBTX

Variation of the BTX form factor. MicroBTX motherboards are generally smaller than their BTX counterparts but retain all the same functionality.

Thunderbolt

Ver 1 = 10 Gb/s and uses Display port Ver 2 = 20 Gb/s (Also uses Display port) Ver 3 = 40 Gb/s and uses USB Type C

Which computer configuration would benefit most from using multi-core processors and maximum RAM?

Virtualization

user interface

Visual representation of the computer on the monitor that makes sense to the people using the computer, through which the user can interact with the computer. This can be a graphical user interface (GUI) like Windows 7 or a command line interface like the Windows PowerShell or the Recovery Console.

virtual assistant

Voice-activated technology that responds to user requests for information. Virtual assistants can be used to search the Internet, make reminders, do calculations, and launch apps.

mirrored volume

Volume that is mirrored on another volume. (See also mirroring.)

T568A

W/G G W/O B W/B O W/Brown Brown

T568B

W/O O W/G Blue W/Blue G W/Brown Brown

A network connects a company branch in the United States to another branch in Germany. What type of network would best describe this?

WAN(Wide Area Network)

Which of the choices below correctly identifies the optional security mechanism that was specified by the 802.11 protocol in order to provide authentication and confidentiality in a wireless LAN environment?

WEP

What is the latest encryption standard for wireless communications that would utilize AES for encryption and protect connection keys using a passphrase?

WPA-2

What is the port range of 0 to 1,023 referred to as?

Well-Known Ports

ICS (Internet Connection Sharing)

Windows feature that enables a single network connection to be shared among several machines.

power options

Windows feature that enables better control over power use by cus- tomizing a balanced, power saver, or high-performance power plan.

netdom

built into windows server. manages active directory domains from the command line.

When installing a USB floppy disk drive the A: drive letter designation is established ________?

by the cable

Sound Cards

connect as x1 PCIe or PCI cards and normally have PC 99 color-coded 1/8" mini-jacks for I/O and speakers and optical I/Os known as S/PDIF. (Example: TOSLINK)

Switches

connect computers in a LAN.

microprocessor

"Brain" of a computer. Primary computer chip that determines relative speed and capabilities of the computer. Also called CPU.

In which situations should Continuous Aware Mode be configured on Wireless Lan Clients?

"Laptops that plugged in & Desktops that are plugged in."

How can you check your local TCP/IP connection

"PING localhost & PING 127.0.0.1"

Which of the following devices have similar looking connectors?

"SCSI Scanner & Parallel Port"

At the maximum segment length of 15 Feet, IEEE 1394 supports which max length?

"Standard Firewire 400mbps IEEE 1394b 800 mbps"

Which one of the following ports will most often be used to connect a digital camera to a computer?

"USB & Firewire 1392 IEEE"

CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing

"cider", changing the subnet mask from the default to create a new network name. EX: 10.52.128.201/16 routing prefix is /16, which means 16 masked bits. So, subnet mask is 255.255.0.0 since each space is 8 bits. so Network portion is 10.52 and the host portion is 128.201

Mac

(Also Macintosh.) Common name for Apple Computers' flagship operating system; runs on Intel-based hardware. CompTIA refers to the operating system as Mac OS X. Apple calls the current operating system OS X, dropping the Mac altogether.

Blu-ray Disc

(BD) Optical disc format that stores 25 or 50 GB of data, designed to be the replacement media for DVD. Competed with HD DVD.

Coaxial

(F-Connector, BNC)

USB 1.1

(Full Speed) runs at 12 Mb/s with a max cable length of 3 meters

USB 2.0

(High Speed) runs at 480 Mb/s with aa max cable length of 5 meters.

Which standard is designed to provide voice, video, and data transmission over a digital telephone network.

(ISDN) Integrated Services Digital Network

MPA

(Microsoft Product Activation)

NAT

(Network Address Translation): process of modifying an IP address as it crosses a router. Translates from one network to another.

Which protocol provides strong authentication methods and secure communications over insecure channels to allow users to execute commands and manage files

(Secured Shell)SSH

USB 3.1

(Super Speed +) runs at 10 Gb/s.

USB 3.0

(Super Speed) runs at 5 Gb/s.

IEEE 1394A

(aka FireWire) runs at 400 MB/s

USB 1.1 Low Speed

1.5 megabits per second 3 Meters

DDR2 RAM

1.8v

Thunderbolt v1

10 Gbit/s per channel, 20 Gbit/s total throughput

The Laser-Printing imaging process

1. Processing 2. Charging 3. Exposing 4. Developing 5. Transferring 6. Fusing 7. Cleaning

568B Standard

1. White/Orange 2. Orange 3. White/green 4. Blue 5. White/blue 6. Green 7. White/brown 8. Brown

What is the maximum data transfer speed in the Universal Serial Bus (USB) 3.1 standard?

10 Gbps

Which of the following is an example of a network address that is using the classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) addressing method?

192.168.1.100/21

If you are connected to the internet through a Hot Spot, what connection speed can you generally anticipate?

2 - 11 Mbps

eSATA distance

2 meters

workgroup

A simple, decentralized network that Windows PCs are configured to use by default.

system fan

Any fan controlled by the motherboard but not directly attached to the CPU.

Nonvolatile

Any information stored will not be lost when cut off.

BIOS

(basic input/output services) (basic input/output system) Classically, software routines burned onto the system ROM of a PC. More commonly seen as any software that directly controls a particular piece of hardware. A set of programs encoded in read-only memory (ROM) on computers. These programs handle startup operations and low-level control of hardware such as disk drives, the keyboard, and monitor.

During laser printing, what charge is placed on the drum during the conditioning phase?

-600V

Steps before installing Expansion Cards

-Check motherboard documentation to determine number and type of slots -Check adapter card documentation for hardware and software requirements -Use ESD strap, anti-static bag, and other electrostatic discharge precautions -Confirm driver installation through Windows Device Manager

CAT 5

...

CNR (communications and networking riser)

...

dd Linux command for copying entire block volumes.

...

How many devices per channel does a SATA connection support?

What is the maximum number of MIMO streams supported by 802.11g wireless standards?

Bluetooth 1.2 Data Rate

1 Mbit/s

How many bytes are in an octet?

1 byte (8 bits)

When a parallel port communicates information to a device, how is it done?

1 byte at a time

DDR3 DIMM

1.2v 240 pins Not backwards compatible with DDR2

Sata 1

1.5 Gbit/s, 1 meter

What is the typical maximum download speed for a regular Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection?

1.5 Mbps

What are the only three channels in the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi spectrum that do NOT overlap with each other?

1, 6, and 11

Bluetooth Classes

1- 100mW, 100m 2- 2.5mW, 10m 3- 1mW, 1m

Thunderbolt

1- 10Gb/s, DisplayPort 2- 20Gb/s, DisplayPort 3- 30Gb/s. USB Type-C

Wireless Ethernet versions, including their name, data transfer rate, frequency, and modulation used:

1. 802.11a, 54Mb/s, 5 GHz 2. 802.11b, 11 Mb/s, 2.4 GHz 3. 802.11g, 54 Mb/s, 2.4 GHz 4. 802.11n, 300/600 Mb/s, 5 and 2.4 GHz 5. 802.11ac, 1.7 Gb/s and beyond 5 GHz

VGA (Video Graphics Array)

10 Meters

Class A Private IP address range

10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255

Magnetic Tape Capacity

100 GB to multiple TB/cartridge

What is the cable length limitation for Ethernet network cables?

100m

What is the maximum number of FireWire busses that can be linked together?

1024

Throughput of PCI-X

1064 MB/s

POP3

110 Post office protocol 3 retrieves email

USB 1.1 Full Speed

12 megabits per second 5 meters

What is the typical voltage provided by an office or home receptacle

120 VAC

U.S. power standards

120 volts AC 5 volts DC (Most of the internal power connections)

How many devices are supported by the USB 3.0 standard?

127

How many devices can the USB interface support

127

Maximum number of USB ports

127

The reserved IP address that is used to refer to yourself is?

127.0.0.1

Built in loop-back address for IPv4

127.0.0.1 Class A

IPv6

128 bit system, 340 undecillion theoretical addresses more secure, 4billion bytes max.

ATX Motherboard

12in by 9.6in +3.3V +5V +12V -12V outputs 5V standby output 24-Pin power connector

ATX

12v 2.x power supplies connect to the motherboard by way of 24-pin cable + 4-pin/8-pin for CPU and 6- or 8-pin for PCIe video.

How big is an ATX board?

12x9.6 Inches

What is the maximum throughput of the PCI bus?

132 Mb/sec

Throughput of PCI

133 MB/s to 533 MB/s

FireWire 800 (Beta Mode)

1394b 800 Mbit/s full duplex Optical connections -100 meters max

The 802.11b and 802.11g specifications define 14 channels within the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band. Each channel is composed of a range of frequencies transmitting at low power, rather than a single frequency transmitting at high power.

IMAP

143 enables messages to remain on email server

How many pins are on a VGA monitor?

What is the maximum supported distance of a single FireWire segment?

15 Ft

SATA Power Connector

15-pin 3.3v orange, 5v red, 12v yellow Serial ATA hard drives and optical drives.

SATA power connector

15-pin, L-shaped connector used by SATA devices that support the hot-swappable feature.

VGA

15pin, usually blue, known as DE15

Unicode

16-bit code that covers every character of the most common languages, plus several thousand symbols.

Pins on SDRAM

168

Which of the following addresses are assigned with Windows Automatic IP addressing?

169.254.1.22

What is the maximum capacity of a double-sided dual layer digital versatile disc (DVD)?

17.1 GB

Pins on a Micro DIMM DDR SDRAM

172

Class B Private IP address range

172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255

Select the public IPv4 address space from the choices provided

173.16.0.0 - 173.31.255.255

Pins on DDR SDRAM

184

DDR DIMM

184 pins special placed notch so not backwards compatible

What is the maximun wattage of an 4-pin 12-volt ?

192 Watts

Class C Private IP address range

192.168.0.0-192-168.255.255

subnet masks

A 1-126, 255.0.0.0 = net.node.node.node B 128-191, 255.255.00 = net.net.node.node C 192-223, 255.255.255.0 = net.net.net.node

Nano-ITX

A 4.7 inch by 4.7 inch variation of the ITX form factor.

multiple Desktops

A GUI feature that enables a computer to have more than one Desktop, each with its own icons and background. Mac OS X supports multiple Desktops with Spaces. Most Linux distros use multiple Desktops, often called workspaces. Microsoft introduced the feature with Windows 10.

FAT64 (exFAT)

A Microsoft-proprietary file system that breaks the 4-GB filesize barrier, supporting files up to 16 exabytes (EB) and a theoretical partition limit of 64 zettabytes (ZB). Envisioned for use with flash media devices with a capacity exceeding 2 TB.

RAID 0+1

A RAID 0 configuration created by combining two RAID 1s. Provides both speed and redundancy, but requires at least four disks.

RAID 1+0

A Stripe of Mirrors Stripe file blocks across mirrored drives High disk space utilization High redundancy Minimum of 4 drives

Jump List

A Windows 7 menu that shows context-sensitive information about whatever is on the taskbar.

bootrec

A Windows Recovery Environment troubleshooting and repair tool that repairs the master boot record, boot sector, or BCD store. It replaces the fixboot and fixmbr Recovery Console commands used in Windows XP and earlier operating systems.

Windows XP Mode

A Windows XP virtual machine that ships with Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions of Windows 7 to enable users to run programs that don't work on Windows 7.

Authorization

Any method a computer uses to determine what an authenticated user can do

dock

A bar at the bottom of the Mac OS X desktop where application icons can be placed for easy access.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

A block cipher created in the late 1990s that uses a 128-bit block size and a 128-, 192-, or 256-bit key size. Practically uncrackable.

What networking device is software-based and makes decisions about whether to forward a packet based on whether the destination is part of the same LAN or another LAN?

A bridge

protective cover

A case or sleeve that protects a mobile device from physical damage.

prompt

A character or message provided by an operating system or program to indicate that it is ready to accept input.

triple-channel architecture

A chipset feature similar to dual-channel RAM, but requiring three matched sticks instead of two.

access control list (ACL)

A clearly defined list of permissions that specifies what actions an authenticated user may perform on a shared resource.

In which type of network model are file sharing and authentication services centrally managed?

A client-server model

What is the most accurate description of an F-connector?

A coaxial connector used to connect cable TV and FM antenna cables

bcdedit

A command-line tool that enables you to view the BCD store, which lists the Windows boot options.

remote network installation

A common method of OS installation where the source files are placed in a shared directory on a network server. Then, whenever a tech needs to install a new OS, he or she can boot the computer, connect to the source location on the network, and start the installation from there

virtual machine (VM)

A complete environment for a guest operating system to function as though that operating system were installed on its own computer.

What type of printer produces images from melted ink sticks?

A solid ink printer

Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)

A special set of tools in the Windows setup that enables you to access troubleshooting and repair features.

Authentication

Any method a computer uses to determine who can access it .

Web server

A computer that stores and shares the files that make up Web sites.

frame

A data unit transferred across a network. Frames consist of several parts, such as the sending and receiving MAC addresses, the data being sent, and the frame check sequence.

When TCP/IP communications need to be routed to systems on other networks, the protocol directs the packets to a special address known as what?

A default gateway

bridge

A device that connects two networks and passes traffic between them based only on the node address, so that traffic between nodes on one network does not appear on the other network. For example, an Ethernet bridge only looks at the MAC address. Bridges filter and forward packets based on MAC addresses and operate at Level 2 (Data Link layer) of the OSI seven-layer model.

Since sound capabilities are typically now built into the motherboard, what additional feature is often built into sound cards to help consumers justify buying them?

A digital output port

Which of the following is NOT a cause of vertical lines on a laser printer output?

A dirty fuser roller

chain of custody

A documented history of who has been in possession of a system.

digitally signed driver

A driver designed specifically to work with Windows that has been tested and certified by Microsoft to work stably with Windows.

When you power on a computer, you hear two beeps during power-on self-test (POST) and the computer never completely boots into the operating system. What is the likely cause?

A failed or failing hardware component.

ITX

A family of motherboard form factors. Mini-ITX is the largest and the most popular of the ITX form factors but is still quite small.

Mission Control

A feature of Mac OS X that enables switching between open applications, windows, and more.

data roaming

A feature of cellular data systems that enables the signal to jump from cell tower to cell tower and from your provider to another provider without obvious notice.

eMMC (embedded MMC)

A form of embedded flash memory widely seen in mobile devices.

MDM (mobile device management)

A formalized structure that enables an organization to account for all the different types of devices used to process, store, transmit, and receive organizational data.

punchdown tool

A specialized tool for connecting UTP wires to a punchdown block.

distribution (distro)

A specific variant of Linux.

Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)

A standard included on many WAPs and clients to make secure connections easier to configure.

URL (uniform resource locator)

An address that defines the location of a resource on the Internet. URLs are used most often in conjunction with HTML and the World Wide Web.

Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP)

An advanced IT certification specifically covering Microsoft products.

Trusted Platform Module (TPM)

A hardware platform for the acceleration of cryptographic functions and the secure storage of associated information.

Which networking device sends data to all connected devices to it and lacks the intelligence to determine the best path for data packets?

A hub

CMOS clear

A jumper on the motherboard that, when set, will revert CMOS settings to the factory defaults.

drive letter

A letter designating a specific drive or partition.

DMZ (demilitarized zone)

A lightly protected or unprotected subnet network positioned between an outer firewall and an organization's highly protected internal network. DMZs are used mainly to host public address servers (such as Web servers).

profile

A list of settings that a calibration device creates when calibrating monitors and printers.

PRL (Preferred Roaming List)

A list that is occasionally and automatically updated to a phone's firmware by the carrier so that the phone will be configured with a particular carrier's networks and frequencies, in a priority order, that it should search for when it can't locate its home carrier network.

What is meant by an ad-hoc network?

A local network that is formed spontaneously as devices connect

An external USB hard drive would typically have its own power supply and a USB cable described as?

A male to B male

air filter mask

A mask designed to keep users from inhaling particulate matter, as when cutting drywall.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

A means of translating a system's IP address into another IP address before sending it out to a larger network. NAT manifests itself by a NAT program that runs on a system or a router. A network using NAT provides the systems on the network with private IP addresses. The system running the NAT software has two interfaces: one connected to the network and the other connected to the larger network. The NAT program takes packets from the client systems bound for the larger network and translates their internal private IP addresses to its own public IP address, enabling many systems to share a single IP address.

liquid cooling

A method of cooling a PC that works by running some liquid— usually water—through a metal block that sits on top of the CPU, absorbing heat. The liquid gets heated by the block, runs out of the block and into something that cools the liquid, and is then pumped through the block again.

What would a 3-pin Molex KK connector be used to power?

A motherboard fan

You recently built a computer from components and all of the components are known to be good; however, when you power on the new system, you have power but no Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) beeps and the system won't attempt to boot. All of your connections to the components are verified as good and all the components are installed correctly. What do you check as the mostly likely source of the malfunction?

A motherboard-to-case short

What single component is required for a device to connect to a network?

A network interface card (NIC)

DFS (distributed file system)

A storage environment where shared files are accessed from storage devices within multiple servers, clients, and peer hosts.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

A network technology that runs at speeds between 25 and 622 Mbps using fiber-optic cabling or CAT 5 or better UTP.

hybrid

A network topology that combines features from multiple other topologies, such as the star-bus topology.

broadcast

A network transmission addressed for every node on the network.

Action Center

A one-page aggregation of event messages, warnings, and maintenance messages in Windows 7.

In which of the following scenarios is Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) NOT effective?

A sudden, catastrophic disk failure

Which networking device is hardware-based rather than software-based and forwards packets to only the destination port based on media access control (MAC) addresses?

A switch

Which statement about Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) connectors is true?

All SATA cables have seven-pin connectors.

multi rail

A power supply configuration where the current is split into multiple pathways, each with a maximum capacity and its own Over Current Protection circuitry. CompTIA calls two-rail versions of this technology "dual rail."

app

A program for a tablet or smartphone. Also, a program written for the Windows 8 Metro interface.

command

A request, typed from a terminal or embedded in a file, to perform an operation or to execute a particular program.

Which of the following devices is example of a wireless access point (WAP)?

A router

proprietary crash screen

A screen, differing between operating systems, that indicates an NMI.

Network Controller

A server that acts as a central repository of user accounts and computer accounts on the network. All users log into this server. Authentication server

What happens to any files that are open during a Windows Backup that includes those files?

A shadow copy is made and then backed up.

thin client

A system designed to handle only very basic applications with an abso- lute minimum amount of hardware required by the operating system. Meets minimum requirements for selected OS.

What happens during the developing step of the laser printing process?

A thin layer of toner is attracted to the areas of the drum that were hit by the laser light.

What device emits a beeping sound when it detects a signal in a pair of wires?

A tone probe

File Explorer

A tool in Windows 8/8.1/10 that enables users to browse files and folders.

DB-15 connector

A two- or three-row D-sub connector (female) used for 10Base5 networks, MIDI/joysticks, and analog video.

DB-9

A two-row DB connector (male) used to connect the computer's serial port to a serial-communication device such as a modem or a console port on a managed switch.

unattended installation

A type of OS installation where special scripts perform all the OS setup duties without human intervention.

transistor-transistor logic (TTL)

A type of digital circuit found in early digital monitors.

mirror set

A type of mirrored volume created with RAID 1. (See also mirroring.)

64-bit processing

A type of processing that can run a compatible 64-bit operating system, such as Windows 7, 8, 8.1, or 10 and 64-bit applications. PCs have a 64-bit-wide address bus, enabling them to use more than 4 GB of RAM.

peripheral

Any device that connects to the system unit.

When troubleshooting drive errors, such as read and write errors, you might find that your hardware checks out as fully functional, but you still experience errors. What do you look at as the probable cause of the errors?

A virus infection

wide area network (WAN)

A widespread group of computers connected using long-distance technologies.

Private IP ranges

A, 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 B, 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 C, 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255

The primary internal component within a CPU that performs the calculations is known as what?

ALU or Arithmetic Logic Unit

What was designed for Phenom II processors.

AM3

AMD Sockets

AM3 AM3+ FM1 FM2 FM2+

PGA 941

AM3 Release Date: 2009 CPUs: Athlon II/Phenom II RAM: DDR2/DDR3 dual-channel

What is a modification of the AM3 socket with an additional pin for AMD Bulldozer processors. It is backwards compatible with AM3 processors.

AM3+

PGA 942

AM3+ Release Date: 2011 CPUs: Athlon II/Phenom II RAM: DDR3 dual-channel

Which motherboard allows you to to turn off the computer via software?

ATX

Which of the following form factors is recognized for both cases and motherboards?

ATX

Rapid Elasticity

Ability to build your cloud-based network.

What would installing a cellular card allow a computer to do?

Access 3G or 4G networks

Fast User Switching

Account option that is useful when multiple users share a system; allows users to switch without logging off.

SATA bridge

Adapter that allows PATA devices to be connected to a SATA controller.

An application has installation requirements of 1GB Ram, 2MB video memory and 15GB HD space. When you try to install the program on your laptop, it displays an error message, "Insufficient memory". You know for a fact that your system has exactly 4GB of RAm and your video card is set at 2GB. There is more than 250GB free HD available. What will resolve this error?

Add more RAM

What can you do to be certain that the wattage of a power supply will meet the needs of a computer?

Add up the power requirements of the components that the computer will use.

IP address conflicts can occur on a network when system administrators do what to workstations without performing some preparative work on the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server?

Adding static IP Addresses

What is the purpose of TPM?

Adds advanced cryptographic functions. It is used by full disk encryption software.

administrative shares

Administrator tool to give local admins access to hard drives and system root folders.

USMT (User State Migration Tool)

Advanced application for file and settings transfer of multiple users.

Power Users group

After Administrator/Administrators, the second most power- ful account and group type in Windows. Power users have differing capabilities in differ- ent versions of Windows.

establish a plan of action and implement the solution

After establishing and testing a theory about a particular problem, techs solve the problem. (Step 4 of 6 in the CompTIA troubleshooting theory.)

establish a theory of probable cause

After identifying a problem, techs question the obvious to determine what might be the source of the problem. (Step 2 of 6 in the CompTIA troubleshooting theory.)

EULA (End User License Agreement)

Agreement that accompanies a piece of software, to which the user must agree before using the software. Outlines the terms of use for the software and also lists any actions on the part of the user that violate the agreement.

protocol

Agreement that governs the procedures used to exchange information between cooperating entities. Usually includes how much information is to be sent, how often it is to be sent, how to recover from transmission errors, and who is to receive the information.

CFS (Common File System)

Along with CFS (Command File System), this term is found in the Acronym List of the CompTIA A+ learning objectives, and nowhere else. After diligent research, your intrepid author has not found a satisfactory reference to this alleged technology and believes that your ability to recognize that CFS can stand for Common File System will be sufficient knowledge to pass any exam questions about this topic on the corresponding test. —Mike Meyers

CFS (Command File System)

Along with CFS (Common File System), this term is found in the Acronym List of the CompTIA A+ learning objectives, and nowhere else. After diligent research, your intrepid author has not found a satisfactory reference to this alleged technology and believes that your ability to recognize that CFS can stand for Command File System will be sufficient knowledge to pass any exam questions about this topic on the corresponding test. —Mike Meyers

ATA/ATAPI-6

Also known as ATA-6 or "Big Drive." Replaced the INT13 extensions and allowed for hard drives as large as 144 petabytes (144 million GB).

latency

Amount of delay before a device may respond to a request; most commonly used in reference to RAM.

link light

An LED on NICs, hubs, and switches that lights up to show good connection between the devices.

activity light

An LED on a NIC, hub, or switch that blinks rapidly to show data transfers over the network.

What type of cable is used to connect a cable modem to a wall jack that provides a signal from a cable provider?

An RG-6 cable with an F-connector

My Computer

An applet that enables users to access a complete listing of all fixed and removable drives contained within a system and to view/manage configuration properties of the computer. Also, an aspect of Windows Explorer.

BYOD (bring your own device)

An arrangement in some companies' IT departments where employees are permitted to use their own phones or other mobile devices instead of company-issued ones. Also, a feature of some wireless carriers where you can buy an unsubsidized device and use it to get cheaper wireless rates.

DDOS (distributed denial of service)

An attack on a computer or network device in which multiple computers send data and requests to the device in an attempt to overwhelm it so that it cannot perform normal operations.

DoS (denial of service)

An attack on a computer resource that prevents it from performing its normal operations, usually by overwhelming it with large numbers of requests in an effort to monopolize its resources.

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI)

An efficient way for motherboardsmother- boards to work with SATA host bus adapters. Using AHCI unlocks some of the advanced features of SATA, such as hot-swapping and native command queuing.

Lightning

An eight-pin connector, proprietary to Apple, that can be inserted without regard to orientation. Used to connect mobile devices to a power or data source.

microphone

An input device for recording audio.

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)

An older 32/64-bit expansion slot designed by Intel specifically for video that ran at 66 MHz and yielded a throughput of at least 254 Mbps. Later versions (2×, 4×, 8×) gave substantially higher throughput.

Thunderbolt

An open standards connector interface that is primarily used to con- nect peripherals to devices, including mobile devices, if they have a corresponding port.

In an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address, what does a double-colon represent?

An unbroken string of zero values

Line of sight

An unobstructed view between two devices. Required for IR communications.

An inbound modem converts

Analog to digital

file allocation unit

Another term for cluster. (See also cluster.)

Multipath Propagation

Antennas receive radio signals on two or more paths. MIMO- which is part of n and ac 802.11, multiple input and output

FRU (field replaceable unit)

Any part of a PC that is considered to be replaceable "in the field," i.e., a customer location. There is no official list of FRUs—it is usually a matter of policy by the repair center.

mode

Any single combination of resolution and color depth set for a system.

system disk

Any storage device with a bootable operating system.

removable media

Any storage on a computer that can be easily removed. For example, optical discs, flash drives, or memory cards.

unauthorized access

Anytime a person accesses resources in an unauthorized way. This access may or may not be malicious.

Trojan Horse

Appears to perform desired functions but is actually performing malicious functions behind the scenes

AFP

Apple Filing Protocol

AFP

Apple Filing Protocol Port 548 (or 427)

iCloud

Apple cloud-based storage. iCloud enables a user to back up all iPhone or iPad data, and makes that data accessible from anywhere. This includes any media purchased through iTunes and calendars, contacts, reminders, and so forth.

Boot Camp

Apple tool used to install and boot to versions of Windows on a Mac OS X computer.

App Store

Apple's mobile software storefront, where you can purchase apps for your smartphone, tablet, or other Apple products

Add or Remove Programs

Applet allowing users to add or remove a program manually to or from a Windows system.

User Accounts applet

Applet in Control Panel that enables you to make changes to current accounts (local or global), and gives you access to the Settings charm (or app in Windows 10) when you opt to add a new account.

Performance Information and Tools

Applet that provides a relative feel for how your computer stacks up against other systems using the Windows Experience Index

How does a Thermal Printer work?

Applies heat to special paper

DMZ demilitarized zone

Area between the internet and LAN.

print spooler

Area of memory that queues up print jobs that the printer will handle sequentially.

track

Area on a hard drive platter where data is stored. A group of tracks with the same diameter is called a cylinder.

queue

Area where objects wait their turn to be processed. Example: the print queue, where print jobs wait until it is their turn to be printed.

The outer jacket wraps and protects the entire cable and is sometimes

Armor

How does the evolution in display device technology relate to energy efficiency and cost?

As technology evolves, display devices tend to use less energy, but cost more.

If you set up your Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server to resolve Internet Protocol (IP) address conflicts, which of the following problems does this action resolve?

Assignment of duplicate IP addresses

To ensure the highest compatibility and support for time sensitive data transmission, IEEE 1394 supports which of the transmission method

Asynchronous & Isychronous

What term refers to the reduction in signal strength over the distance of a cable?

Attenuation

Archive Attribute

Attribute of a file that shows whether the file has been backed up since the last change. Each time a file is opened, changed, or saved, the archive bit is turned on. Some types of backups turn off this archive bit to indicate that a good backup of the file exists on tape.

CD quality

Audio quality that has a sample rate of 44.4 KHz and a bit rate of 128 bits.

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)

Authentication challenge using images, videos, sounds, or other media to be identified by a user. Computers have a much more difficult time discerning the content of these tests than humans, making the challenge useful in determining if a human or a computer is attempting access.

Kerberos

Authentication encryption developed by MIT to enable multiple brands of servers to authenticate multiple brands of clients.

BD-R vs BD-RE

BD-R (Recordable) Can write a disc once. BD-RE (Recordable/Erasable) Erased and recorded many times.

Regarding Blu-Ray technology, which statement is most accurate

BD-R has a maximum capacity of 250MB per layer

What is processed first?

BIOS

What is the software that is used to start your computer?

BIOS

Where are the instructions to start the computer system stored?

BIOS

Intrusion Detection

BIOS notifies you when the computer has been opened

Supervisor Password

BIOS password needed to make configuration changes

User Password

BIOS password needed to start the computer

APM (Advanced Power Management)

BIOS routines (developed by Intel in 1992 and upgraded over time) that enable the CPU to turn on and off selected peripherals. In 1996, APM was supplanted by Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI).

Which of the following is a boot sector repair tool for Windows computers that have failed to boot properly?

BOOTREC

daily backup

Backup of all files that have been changed on that day without changing the archive bits of those files. Also called daily copy backup.

antistatic bag

Bag made of antistatic plastic into which electronics are placed for temporary or long-term storage. Used to protect components from electrostatic discharge.

UPC (Universal Product Code)

Bar code used to track inventory

Capturing pertinent statistical information about the network behavior over a period of time to determine what is normal operational behavior is called?

Baselining

two types of disk Windows support?

Basic & Dynamic

BIOS

Basic Input Output System Resides on an EEPROM chip Identifies and tests components

BIOS

Basic Input/Output System

packet

Basic component of communication over a network. Group of bits of fixed maximum size and well-defined format that is switched and transmitted as a single entity through a network. Contains source and destination address, data, and control information.

Print Server

Basic servers that take control of multiple printers on the network.

Which laptop component is the most likely to need replacing?

Battery

Li-Ion (Lithium-Ion)

Battery commonly used in portable computing devices. Li-Ion batteries don't suffer from the memory effects of Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries and provide much more power for a greater length of time.

What type of connector is found at the end of an RG-58A cable?

Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC)

What event usually confirms the completion of POST

Beep

If you replace a central processing unit (CPU) and then the computer will not function afterward, which of the following should you look for when troubleshooting?

Bent or broken pins on the CPU

What type of connector does a floppy disk controller use?

Berg

machine language

Binary instruction code that is understood by the CPU.

Common Motherboard Problems

Boots to BIOS instead of OS. (Could be a faulty CMOS Battery) Intermittent Issues, Blue Screen of Death (Usually ESD or electrical Issues) Component Failures such as SATA ports (Very pricey to add a new one) Manufacturer Defects

What type of transmission uses analog communication to divide the cable into series of channels?

Broadband

A data pathway in a computer system is referred to as what?

Bus

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

Cloud-hosted provider of virtualized servers and networks.

Optical Storage

CD DVD Blue Ray

CD-R (CD-recordable)

CD technology that accepts a single "burn" but cannot be erased after that one burn.

CD-RW (CD-rewritable)

CD technology that accepts multiple reads/writes like a hard drive.

music CD-R

CD using a special format for home recorders. Music CD-R makers pay a small royalty to avoid illegal music duplication.

Drive Speeds

CD- 150KB/s per x DVD- 1.32MB/s per x Blue Ray- 4.5MB/s per x SATA 1.0- 150MB/s

CD Recording technologies

CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) 48x or 52x (7.2MB/s) CD-RW (Re-writable) 24x (3.6MB/s), 32x (4.8MB/s)

Which Windows program should you run to help diagnose and fix disk-related errors?

CHKDSK

Where were BIOS setting stored in older systems?

CMOS

Where would hard disk configuration be stored?

CMOS

DriveLock

CMOS program enabling you to control the ATA security mode feature set. Also known as drive lock.

Which of the following is firmware?

CMOS/BIOS

What device in the computer system does all the processing of information obtained from various input devices?

CPU

AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)

CPU and chipset manufacturer that competes with Intel. Produces FX, A-Series, Phenom II, Athlon, Sempron, and Opteron CPUs and APUs. Also produces video card processors under its ATI brand.

hyperthreading

CPU feature that enables a single pipeline to run more than one thread at once.

ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

CPU logic circuits that perform basic arithmetic(add, subtract, multiply, and divide).

dual-core

CPUs that have two execution units on the same physical chip but share caches and RAM.

In which type of Internet access delivery does the speed of the network depend on the collective activity of the users sharing the same node connected to the Internet service provider (ISP)?

Cable

What type of Internet connection is a high speed shared data access connection often capable of 75Mbps or more?

Cable

Which electrical instrument is used to determine if a signal is present on a network cable?

Cable tester

coaxial cable

Cabling in which an internal conductor is surrounded by another, outer conductor, thus sharing the same axis.

digital camera

Camera that simulates film technology electronically.

wildcard

Character used during a search to represent search criteria. For instance, searching for *.docx will return a list of all files with a .docx extension, regardless of the filename. The * is the wildcard in that search.

DHCP Server

Charge of handing out IP addresses to clients.

Laser Printing Step 2

Charging Prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge

Noisy Computer?

Check CPU fan, case fan, power supply fan, and use compressed air and vacuum.

Trouble with CPU?

Check CPU fan, heat sink and thermal compound, overclocking setting in BIOS, and whether CPU is secure.

No second screen on laptop?

Check Fn key. Laptop display blank? Check resolution settings, inverter, backlight, or damage to LCD.

Time/date resets to January 1, 2000?

Check Lithium Battery

Poor wireless signal?

Check distance, placement, antennas, and update hardware and software.

Garbage printout?

Check driver.

Ghosted image?

Check drum and toner cartridge.

Lines or smearing?

Check drum, primary corona wire, and replace toner cartridge.

Toner not staying on paper?

Check fusing assembly.

No network connectivitiy

Check link light, patch cable, disabled NIC, wireless switch is off, IP configuration, and Windows Network Diagnostics.

No connectivity?

Check power, network connection, whether printer is shared, proper IP address, and whether printer is set up as default in Windows.

Several users report that they can only see and connect to other workstations, but cannot connect to other network resources or to the Internet. What common failure point do you check?

Check the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server

If the computer you are working on has an onboard Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) controller that appears in power-on self-test (POST) as functional, but your computer cannot boot from the array nor can it detect the array, what should you check to troubleshoot the problem?

Check the RAID configuration in the controller's Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

Power is good but no display?

Check the big four: Video CPU RAM Motherboard

Several users notify you that the network is slow. How do you investigate the problem?

Check the switch or switches for activity

A user tells you that she cannot connect to some network resource while others are readily accessible and no one else has the same problem. What do you check in order to investigate this problem?

Check the user's Active Directory and shared resource permissions

You have a user who complains that, while he can connect to everything on the network, he cannot connect to the Internet, but other users can. Where do you look to solve the problem?

Check the user's default gateway in Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network settings

Blank paper?

Check toner cartridge and transfer corona wire.

MCC (memory controller chip)

Chip that handles memory requests from the CPU. Although once a special chip, it has been integrated into the chipset or CPU on modern computers.

bus mastering

Circuitry allowing devices to avoid conflicts on the external data bus.

active PFC (power factor correction)

Circuitry built into PC power supplies to reduce harmonics.

RAMDAC (random access memory digital-to-analog converter)

Circuitry used on video cards that support analog monitors to convert the digital video data to analog.

Which component of a fiber optic cable is responsible for reflecting light back in the core?

Cladding

Bluetooth classes

Class 1 has a maximum transmission range of 100 meters; Class 2 (the most common) has a range of 10 metersl Class 3 is short range and hardly used at 1 meter. Bluetooth version 1 has a maximum data transfer rate of 721 kb/s; Version 2 is 2.1 Mb/s Version 3 is 24 Mb/s

IP classes

Class A range: 1-126 subnet mask: 255.0.0.0. Private: 10.x.x.x Class B range: 128-191 subnet mask: 255.0.0.0. Private: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Class C range: 192-223 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Private: 192.168.x.x Loopback is 127.0.0.1 APIPA is 169.254.x.x (also known as link-local) CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing addresses use a prefix (example: 10.150.23.58/24). The /24 indicates a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0

In which networking method are mask bits moved in one-bit increments to provide the exact number of nodes and networks required?

Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)

Laser Printer Step 7

Cleaning Remove the excess toner

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Cloud-based virtual server(s). These virtualized platforms give programmers tools needed to deploy, administer, and maintain a Web application.

Molex connector

Computer power connector used by optical drives, hard drives, and case fans. Keyed to prevent it from being inserted into a power port improperly.

AnandTech (anandtech.com)

Computer, technology, and Internet news and information site.

compliance

Concept that members of an organization must abide by the rules of that organization. For a technician, this often revolves around what software can or cannot be installed on an organization's computer

Crossover Cable

Connect Ethernet from one computer to the other. T568B on one end to the T568A end

Video cards

Connect to motherboards by way of x16 PCIe or PCI (uncommon) and cables include DVI, VGA, HDMI, Mini-HDMI, DisplayPort, Mini DisplayPort, S-Video, Component Video/RGB, and Composite. Common color depths include 16-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit. Common Resolutions include: 1280x720 (720p 16:9 aspect ratio) 1920x1080 (HD 1080p, 16:9 aspect ratio) 1366x786 (16:9) 1680x1050 (WSXGA+, 8:5 aspect ratio) 1920x1200 (WSXGA, 8:5) 640x480 (VGA, 4:3). TN is twisted nematic IPS is in-plane switching. IPS has wider viewing angles.

parallel port

Connection for the synchronous, high-speed flow of data along parallel lines to a device, usually a printer.

mini power connector

Connector used to provide power to floppy disk drives.

expansion slots

Connectors on a motherboard that enable users to add optional components to a system. (See also AGP, PCI, and PCIe.)

Bridge

Connects two LANs together or separate them into sections. Wired or Wireless

UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)

Consortium of companies that established the UEFI standard that replaced the original EFI standard.

VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association)

Consortium of computer manufacturers that standardizes improvements to common IBM PC components. VESA is responsible for the Super VGA video standard and the VLB bus architecture.

PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)

Consortium of computer manufacturers who devised the PC Card standard for credit card-sized adapter cards that add functionality in older notebook computers and other computer devices. (See also PC Card.)

user account

Container that identifies a user to an application, operating system, or network, including name, password, user name, groups to which the user belongs, and other information based on the user and the OS being used. Usually defines the rights and roles a user plays on a system.

Parity Memory

Contains a parity bit. Can't correct an error.

Why would the back of a page come out dirty on a laser printer?

Contaminated Fuser

What would produce black speckled output on the back of a pager printer on a laser printer?

Contaminated Transfer Corona

On a dot matrix printer, which paper type require tractors to feed the paper?

Continuous Forms

Problem Reports and Solutions

Control Panel applet in Windows Vista that lists all Windows Error Reporting issues (plus a few easy-to-check items like firewall and anti-malware status).

expansion bus crystal

Controls the speed of the expansion bus.

What is DNS?

Convert domain names to IP Addresses

printed circuit board (PCB)

Copper etched onto a nonconductive material and then coated with some sort of epoxy for strength.

kernel

Core portion of program that resides in memory and performs the most essential operating system tasks.

Modern CPUs typically have multiple ___________ that really allow the CPU to act as more than a single CPU.

Cores

What does setting an active partition do?

Creates a primary partition

tunneling

Creating an encrypted link between two programs on two separate computers.

burn-in failure

Critical failure usually associated with manufacturing defects

What would you need to connect two peer-to-peer PCs using RJ-45 connectors?

Crossover cable

system crystal

Crystal that provides the speed signals for the CPU and the rest of the system.

DB connectors

D-shaped connectors used for a variety of connections in the PC and networking world. Can be male (with prongs) or female (with holes) and have a varying number of pins or sockets. Also called D-sub, D-subminiature, or D-shell connectors.

DB-25 connector

D-sub connector (female), commonly referred to as a parallel port connector.

DDR Pins

DDR1 - 184 pins DDR2 - 240 pins DDR3 - 240 pins DDR4 - 288 pins

DDR Standard Pins

DDR1 184 DDR2 240 DDR3 240 DDR4 288

What is the latest standard for RAM that operates at bandwidths up to 12,800 Mbps?

DDR3-1600 or PC 12800

Which utility should you run regularly to optimize your computer's hard disk performance?

DEFRAG

In a Microsoft TCP/IP environment, how is the problem of dynamic addressing tackled?

DHCP

Which network service is used to assign IP addresses to clients that are attempting to connect to the network?

DHCP

Which of the following Windows command line utilities allows you to manage computer drives, including disks, partitions, volumes, and virtual hard disks?

DISKPART

What is Port 53

DNS

Which network service is responsible for resolving user friendly names to numerical IP addresses?

DNS or Domain Name System

SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)

DRAM that is synchronous, or tied to the system clock. This type of RAM is used in all modern systems.

Which optical media can use two layers of the disc in order to right 8.5 GB of data?

DVD - 9 or DVD-DL

DVD-ROM

DVD equivalent of the standard CD-ROM.

DVD-Video

DVD format used exclusively to store digital video; capable of storing over two hours of high-quality video on a single DVD.

DVD-5 and DVD-18

DVD-5 (4.7GB capacity) Single sided, one layer DVD-18 (17GB capacity) Double Sided, four layer

DVD-ROM

DVDs have a capacity ranging from 4.7 GB (DVD05) to 17 GB. (DVD-18 dual-sided and dual layered). Recording technologies include DVD+R, DVD-R, DVD+RW, and DVD-RW.

DVI

DVI-D (Digital Only) DVI-A (Analong only) DVI-I (Digital and analog) DVI-DL (dual link connections for DVI-D and DVI-I) M1-DA (Digital, Analog, USB connections)

Which type of Digital Visual Interface (DVI) cable supports both digital and analog transmissions?

DVI-I

A FireWire port can support 63 interconnected devices. Which choice below correctly identifies the process of connecting FireWire devices together?

Daisy Chaining

CD-ROM

Data CDs can typically hold 700MB, can read and write at up to 52x (7.8 Mb/s), and can rewrite at up to 32x (4.8 Mb/s)

SATA Versions

Data Transfer Rates: 1.0- 1.5Gb/s 150MB/s 2.0- 3.0Gb/s 3.0- 6.0Gb/s 3.2- 16.0Gb/s

ad hoc mode

Decentralized wireless network mode, otherwise known as peer to peer mode, where each wireless node is in meshed contact with every other node.

On the dot-matrix, you only see the bottom half of the characters. What could be a possible cause of this?

Defective print head

AUP (Acceptable Use Policy)

Defines what action employees may or may not preform on company equipment, including computers, phones, printers, and even the network itself. This policy defines the handling of passwords, e-mail, and many other issues.

Slow hard drive?

Defrag it, use disk clean up, and scan drive with AV software. Drive isn't recognized? Check connections, check in BIOS/UEFI, initialize, partition, and format in Disk Management.

DMZ

Demilitarized zone: Area of network for servers, not within LAN but between it and the internet. Connects by third leg of firewall.

TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)

Deprecated encryption standard that provided a new encryption key for every sent packet.

x86

Describes 32-bit operating systems and software.

x64

Describes 64-bit operating systems and software.

catastrophic failure

Describes a failure in which a component or whole system will not boot; usually related to a manufacturing defect of a component. Could also be caused by overheating and physical damage to computer components.

UNC (Universal Naming Convention)

Describes any shared resource in a network using the convention \\<server name>\<name of shared resource>.

monaural

Describes recording tracks from one source (microphone) as opposed to stereo, which uses two sources.

Error Correcting Code (ECC) Memory

Detects errors Corrects on the fly Ideal for servers

The process of moving the toner to the drum is known as ?

Developing

Laster Printing Step 4

Developing Add toner to the charged areas of the imaging drum

Which component should you check if you are getting garbled output to a printer?

Device driver

projector

Device for projecting video images from PCs or other video sources, usually for audience presentations. Available in front- and rearview displays.

POST card

Device installed into a motherboard expansion slot that assists in trouble- shooting boot problems by providing a two-digit code indicating the stop of the boot process where the problem is occurring.

memory

Device or medium for temporary storage of programs and data during program execution. Synonymous with storage, although it most frequently refers to the internal storage of a computer that can be directly addressed by operating instructions. A computer's temporary storage capacity is measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB) of RAM (random-access memory). Long-term data storage on hard drives and solid-state drives is also measured in megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes.

Modem

Device that allows a computer to access the Internet by changing the digital signals of the computer to analog signals used by a typical land-based phone line.

WAP (wireless access point)

Device that centrally connects wireless network nodes.

modem (modulator/demodulator)

Device that converts a digital bit stream into an analog signal (modulation) and converts incoming analog signals back into digital signals (demodulation). An analog communications channel is typically a telephone line, and analog signals are typically sounds.

USB hub

Device that extends a single USB connection to two or more USB ports, almost always directly from one of the USB ports connected to the root hub.

proxy server

Device that fetches Internet resources for a client without exposing that client directly to the Internet. Usually accepts requests for HTTP, FTP, POP3, and SMTP resources. Often caches, or stores, a copy of the requested resource for later use. Common security feature in the corporate world.

switch

Device that filters and forwards traffic based on some criteria. A bridge and a router are both examples of switches. In the command-line interface, a switch is a function that modifies the behavior of a command.

docking station

Device that provides a portable computer extra features such as a DVD drive or PC Card, in addition to legacy and modern ports. Similar to a port replicator. Also, a charging station for mobile devices

firewall

Device that restricts traffic between a local network and the Internet.

UPS (uninterruptible power supply)

Device that supplies continuous clean power to a computer system the whole time the computer is on. Protects against power outages and sags.

UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter)

Device that turns parallel data into serial data and vice versa. The cornerstone of serial ports and modems.

analog

Device that uses a physical quantity, such as length or voltage, to representrepre- sent the value of a number. By contrast, digital storage relies on a coding system of numeric units.

loopback plug

Device used during loopback tests to check the female connector on a NIC.

multimeter

Device used to measure voltage, amperage, and resistance.

card reader

Device with which you can read data from one of several types of flash memory.

Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) devices

Devices that connect to a home network, discover each other, and share media. In theory, DLNA devices should work with minimal setup or fuss, even if sourced from different manufacturers.

fitness monitor

Devices that encourage physical fitness by counting steps using accelerometers, registering heart rate through sensors, using GPS to track exercise, and offering vibration tools to remind the user to get moving. Fitness trackers fit into one of two type: fobs that clip to the body and more sophisticated fitness bands or watches.

ATAPI-compliant

Devices that utilize the ATAPI standard. (See ATAPI.)

dxdiag (DirectX Diagnostics Tool)

Diagnostic tool for getting information about and testing a computer's DirectX version.

resistance

Difficulty in making electricity flow through a material, measured in ohms.

driver signing

Digital signature for drivers used by Windows to protect against potentially bad drivers.

DisplayPort

Digital video connector used by Apple Mac desktop models and some PCs, notably from Dell. Designed by VESA as a royalty-free connector to replace VGA and DVI.

What is LDAP?

Directory service protocol

What should you enable to hide your wireless network from users unless they knew its name?

Disable SSID broadcast

parity RAM

Earliest form of error-detecting RAM; stored an extra bit (called the parity bit) to verify the data.

transparency

Effect in the Aero desktop environment (Windows Vista/7) that makes the edges of windows transparent.

Amperage

Electric Current

Wattage

Electric Power

electromagnetic interference (EMI)

Electrical interference from one device to another, resulting in poor performance of the device being interfered with. Examples: Static on your TV while running a blow dryer, or placing two monitors too close together and getting a "shaky" screen.

EEPROM

Electrically Erasable PROM Flash memory

What is the name of the process that laser printers use to produce a printer image?

Electro-photographic

laser printer

Electro-photographic printer in which a laser is used as the light source.

chipset

Electronic chips, specially designed to work together, that handle all of the low-level functions of a PC. In the original PC, the chipset consisted of close to 30 different chips; today, chipsets usually consist of one, two, or three separate chips embedded into a motherboard.

hub

Electronic device that sits at the center of a star topology network, providing a common point for the connection of network devices. Hubs repeat all information out to all ports and have been replaced by switches, although the term "hub" is still commonly used.

partitioning

Electronically subdividing a physical hard drive into groups called partitions (or volumes).

What is the key attribute of Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) that makes it different from Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)?

Emails are stored on a remote server until the user deletes them.

firmware

Embedded programs or code stored on a ROM chip. Generally OS-independent, thus allowing devices to operate in a wide variety of circumstances without direct OS support. The system BIOS is firmware.

Which of the following is not among the recommended actions for enhancing security when initially setting up a router?

Enable Service Set Identifier (SSID) broadcast

You have a customer that has several USB devices and when they connect them to their PC they are not recognized by windows 8.1. Which of the following will you try first to solve the problem?

Enable USB in Device Manager

What does a Power over Ethernet (PoE) injector allow you to do?

Enable a PoE-compliant device to connect to a non-PoE switch

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

Enables a computer to connect to the Internet through a dial-in connection and enjoy most of the benefits of a direct connection.

Quick Launch toolbar

Enables a user to launch commonly used programs with a single click in Windows.

WAP Wireless Access Point

Enables data communication over the air when your computer is equipped with a wireless networking adapter. Transmits data over radio air waves 2.4GHz/5GHz Identifies by MAC address Uses 802.11 group of standards for WLAN

Port Forwarding

Enables you to have a web server, FTP server port 21. Also called DNAT.

Port Triggering

Enables you to specify outgoing ports that your computer uses for special applications, and their corresponding inbound ports will be opened automatically when the sessions are established.

Port Triggering

Enables you to specify outgoing ports that your computer uses for special applications; their corresponding inbound ports open automatically when the sessions are established.

RJ45

Ethernet 8P8C connector

10BaseT

Ethernet LAN designed to run on twisted pair cabling. 10BaseT runs at 10 Mbps. The maximum length for the cabling between the NIC and the switch (or hub, repeater, etc.) is 100 meters. It uses baseband signaling. No industry-standard naming convention exists, so sometimes it's written 10BASE-T or 10Base-T.

Cat 5

Ethernet Standard: 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters

Cat 5e (enhanced)

Ethernet Standard: 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters

Cat 3

Ethernet Standard: 10Base-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters

Cat 6a (Augmented)

Ethernet Standard: 10GBase-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters

Cat 7* (shielded)

Ethernet Standard: 10GBase-T Maximum Distance: 100 Meters

Cat 6

Ethernet Standard: 10GBase-T Maximum Distance: 37 to 55 Meters

100BaseT

Ethernet cabling system designed to run at 100 Mbps on twisted pair cabling. It uses baseband signaling. No industry-standard naming convention exists, so sometimes it's written 100BASE-T or 100Base-T.

10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)

Ethernet standard that supports speeds of up to 10 Gbps. Requires CAT 6 or better twisted pair of fiber optic cabling.

Which will support TCP/IP?

Ethernet, ring, and Modem Dial-up

Mini-ITX

Even smaller form factor Similar mounting points as ATX and microATX

Upgrade Advisor

Examines your hardware and installed software (in the case of an upgrade) and provides a list of devices and software that are known to have issues with it. The Upgrade Advisor is available for download at www.microsoft.com for Windows Vista and Windows 7. Windows 8/8.1 offers the Upgrade Assistant for similar purpose. The Get Windows 10 app generates a compatibility report that functions similarly.

msconfig (System Configuration utility)

Executable file that runs the Windows System Configuration utility, which enables users to configure a system's boot files and critical system files. Often used for the name of the utility, as in "just run msconfig."

video card

Expansion card that works with the CPU to produce the images displayed on your computer's display.

Laser Printing Step 3

Exposing Write the image with the laser

Joliet

Extension of the ISO 9660 format. Most popular CD format to support PC file systems on CD media. Joliet has been supplanted by UDF.

MIDI-enabled device

External device that enables you to input digital sound information in the MIDI format; for example, a MIDI keyboard (the piano kind).

What is the benefit of enabling Network Address Translation (NAT) on a router?

External hosts won't be able to identify and connect directly to internal clients.

What is the primary reason for using satellite Internet?

Extremely long-range access to remote areas where other options are not viable

raster line

Horizontal pattern of lines that forms an image on the monitor screen.

FAT16

File allocation table that uses 16 bits to address and index clusters. Used as the primary hard drive format on DOS and early Windows 95 machines; currently used with smaller-capacity (2 GB or less) flash media devices.

FAT32

File allocation table that uses 32 bits to address and index clusters. Commonly used with USB flash-media drives and versions of Windows prior to XP.

read-only attribute

File attribute that does not allow a file to be altered or modified. Helpful when protecting system files that should not be edited.

Autorun.inf

File included on some media that automatically launches a program or installation routine when the media is inserted/attached to a system.

CDFS (compact disc file system)

File structure, rules, and conventions used when organizing and storing files and data on a CD.

Boot Configuration Data (BCD) file

File that contains information about the various operating systems installed on the system as well as instructions for how to actually load (bootstrap) them.

8.3 Naming System

File-naming convention that specified a maximum of eight characters for a filename, followed by a three-character file extension. Has been replaced by LFN (Long filename) support.

Two ways of creating new folders in Windows 7

File. New, Folder & Right Click, New, Folder

log files

Files created in Windows to track the progress of certain processes.

virus definition or data file

Files that enable the virus protection software to recognize the viruses on your system and clean them. These files should be updated often. They are also called signature files, depending on the virus protection software in use.

What is SLP?

Find MAC OS services by name

Plenum-rated cable

Fire-resistant cable designed for airways, conduits, and areas sprinklers cannot reach.

Which device is used to prevent traffic from one network to another network segment and is commonly used at the network perimeter?

Firewall

Which standard provides high speed data transfer at 800Mbps for voice, video, and audio and allows 63 devices on a single channel?

Firewire

EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)

Firmware created by Intel and HP that replaced traditional 16-bit BIOS and added several new enhancements.

Level 1 (L1) cache

First RAM cache accessed by the CPU, which stores only the absolute most-accessed programming and data used by currently running threads. Always the smallest and fastest cache on the CPU.

DOS (Disk Operating System)

First popular operating system available for PCs. A text-based, single-tasking operating system that was not completely replaced until the introduction of Windows 95.

logon screen

First screen of the Windows interface, used to log on to the computer system.

volume boot sector

First sector of the first cylinder of each partition; stores information important to its partition, such as the location of the operating system boot files.

boot sector

First sector on a PC hard drive or floppy disk, track 0. The boot-up software in ROM tells the computer to load whatever program is found there. If a system disk is read, the program in the boot record directs the computer to the root directory to load the operating system

LPX

First slimline form factor; replaced by NLX form factor.

I/O base address

First value in an I/O address range.

USB thumb drive

Flash memory device that uses the standard USB connection.

motherboard

Flat piece of circuit board that resides inside your computer case and has a number of connectors on it. Every device in a PC connects directly or indirectly to the motherboard, including CPU, RAM, hard drives, optical drives, keyboard, mouse, and video cards.

touchpad

Flat, touch-sensitive pad that serves as a pointing device for most laptops.

I/O (input/output)

General term for reading and writing data to a computer. "Input" includes data entered from a keyboard, identified by a pointing device (such as a mouse), or loaded from a disk. "Output" includes writing information to a disk, viewing it on a monitor, or printing it to a printer.

Public folder

Folder that all users can access and share with all other users on the system or network.

You have to replace a computer power supply. Which of the following will you use to determine and select replacement?

Form factor and wattage

digital certificate

Form in which a public key is sent from a Web server to a Web browser so that the browser can decrypt the data sent by the server.

dual-channel memory

Form of DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 memory access used by many motherboards that requires two identical sticks of DDR, DDR2, or DDR3 RAM.

FPU (floating point unit)

Formal term for math coprocessor (also called a numeric processor) circuitry inside a CPU. A math coprocessor calculates by using a floating point numerical system (which allows for decimals). Before the Intel 80486, FPUs were separate chips from the CPU.

What should you do if you get the error message "invalid media type"?

Format HD

Port Forwarding

Forwards an external network port to an internal IP address and port.

802.11b

Frequency: 2.4 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 11 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 1 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 11 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 140 meters

802.11n

Frequency: 2.4 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 150 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 4 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 600 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 250 meters

802.11g

Frequency: 2.4 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 54 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 1 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 54 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 140 meters

802.11a

Frequency: 5 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 54 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 1 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 54 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 120 meters

802.11ac

Frequency: 5 GHz Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream): 54 Mbit/s Maximum allowable streams: 8 Maximum theoretical throughput (total): 600 Mbit/s Approximate outdoor range: 250 meters

Looking at a motherboard, you see two rows of pins with labels like HDD, SPKR,RST, PWR. What is their Function?

Front Panel lights and switches

ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line)

Fully digital, dedicated connection to the telephone system that provides average download speeds of 3-15 Mbps and upload speeds of 384 Kbps to 15 Mbps. Asymmetric identifies that upload and download speeds are different, with download usually being significantly faster than upload.

A page from a laser printer is smeared. What is the most probable fault?

Fuser

You find that a shared network printer's printouts are faded. You replace the toner cartridge, but the printouts are still faded. What is the source of the problem?

Fuser

Which stage of the laser printing process is last and ensures that the toner is melted to the paper?

Fusing

Laser Printing Step 6

Fusing Heat and pressure

Automatic Updates

Future allowing updates to Windows to be retrieved automatically over the Internet.

What is SNMP?

Gather metrics and manage network devices

Domain

Groupings of users, computers, or networks. In Microsoft networking, a domain is a group of computers and users that share a common account database and a common security policy. On the Internet, a domain is a group of computers that share a common element in their hierarchical name. Other types of domains exist—e.g., broadcast domain, etc.

Which technology is often used to send output information to a high definition television as opposed to a monitor?

HDMI

What is Port 80?

HTTP

What is Port 443

HTTPS

Which protocol uses TCP port 443

HTTPS

What storage device is hot swappable?

Hard Drives

Which hardware components do power-on self-test (POST) errors in the 17xx range direct you to investigate or troubleshoot?

Hard Drives

If you hear a loud whine or squeal from your computer, which two components should you inspect as the source of the problem?

Hard disk and power supply

HDD

Hard disk drive (magnetic-based)

What internal hardware component is used for secondary storage?

Hard drive

chkdsk (CheckDisk)

Hard drive error detection and, to a certain extent, correction utility in Windows, launched from the command-line interface. Originally a DOS command (chkdsk.exe); also the executable for the graphical Error-checking tool.

basic disk

Hard drive partitioned in the "classic" way with a master boot record (MBR) and partition table. (See also dynamic disks.)

Ultra DMA

Hard drive technology that enables drives to use direct memory addressing. Ultra DMA mode 3 drives—called ATA/33—have data transfer speeds up to 33 MBps. Mode 4 and 5 drives—called ATA/66 and ATA/100, respectively—transfer data at up to 66 MBps for mode 4 and 100 MBps for mode 5. Mode 6 pushed the transfer rate to 133 MBps. Modes 4, 5, and 6 require an 80-wire cable and a compatible controller to achieve these data transfer rates.

mass storage

Hard drives, optical discs, removable media drives, etc.

KVM (keyboard, video, mouse) switch

Hardware device that enables multiple computers to be viewed and controlled by a single mouse, keyboard, and screen.

biometric device

Hardware device used to support authentication; works by scanning and remembering a unique aspect of a user's various body parts (e.g., retina, iris, face, or fingerprint) by using some form of sensing device such as a retinal scanner.

FAT (file allocation table)

Hidden table that records how files on a hard disk are stored in distinct clusters; the only way DOS knows where to access files. Address of first cluster of a file is stored in the directory file. FAT entry for the first cluster is the address of the second cluster used to store that file. In the entry for the second cluster for that file is the address for the third cluster, and so on until the final cluster, which gets a special end-of-file code. There are two FATs, mirror images of each other, in case one is destroyed or damaged. Also refers to the 16-bit file allocation table when used by Windows 2000 and later NT-based operating systems.

Cache

High speed memory using SRAM (Static) Level 1- Most frequently used data, fastest cache. Level 2- Level 3- Slowest, feeds all 3 caches.

Audio Interface

High-end external sound device used by Audio engineers and recording artists.

DSL (digital subscriber line)

High-speed Internet connection technology that uses a regular telephone line for connectivity. DSL comes in several varieties, including asynchronous (ADSL) and synchronous (SDSL), and many speeds. Typical home-user DSL connections are ADSL with faster download speeds than upload speeds.

fiber-optic cable

High-speed cable for transmitting data, made of high-purity glass sealed within an opaque tube. Much faster than conventional copper wire such as coaxial cable.

DLT (digital linear tape)

High-speed, magnetic tape storage technology used to archive and retrieve data from faster, online media such as hard disks.

Wired (wired.com)

Hip Internet news site.

If a laser printer pulls multiple paper sheets at one time, what are the possible causes?

Humidity, improper media, worn separation pad.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Port 80

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Port 443

Which of the technologies allows a single processor chip to operate like two separate processors?

Hyperthreading

On legacy motherboards the Southbridge chipset controls the communication between the CPU and which of the choices?

I/O PCI and USB IDE Controllers

TrackPoint

IBM's pencil eraser-sized joystick used in place of a mouse on laptops.

Which drive standard is not used heavily today and required master/slave configuration for multiple drives on the same channel?

IDE

FireWire 400 (Alpha Mode)

IEEE 1394a 100, 200, or 400 Mbit/s half-duplex 4.5 Meters (15 feet), 72 Meters max

What is Port 143

IMAP

Each node on the internet must be assigned an unique____ address?

Which items of information does windows have to configure in order to utilize TCP/IP in a network?

IP / Subnet

Static Addresses

IP addresses are inputted manually.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors use either Twisted Nematic (TN) or In-Plane Switching (IPS) technology. What advantage does IPS offer over NT?

IPS provides better color reproduction and better viewing angles.

What should you do before upgrading the BIOS firmware?

Identify current firmware version Read the upgrade documentation Have a reliable power source

Volatile

If not receiving power, it loses its stored contents.

Linux/OS x tools:

Ifconfig: Linux and OS X wired equivalent of of ipconfig Iwconfig: Linux wireless equivalent of ifconfig.

Safe mode

Important diagnostic boot mode for Windows that runs only very basic drivers and turns off virtual memory.

Registered Memory (Buffered)

Improves the integrity of the signal between RAM and the memory controller by electrically buffering the signals using an extra register.

charms

In Windows 8 and 8.1, tools located in the hidden Charms bar, such as a search function, a sharing tool, a settings tool, and more.

Where is a riser card most likely to be installed?

In a compact case, where available space is an issue

anti-aliasing

In computer imaging, blending effect that smoothes sharp contrasts between two regions—e.g., jagged lines or different colors. Reduces jagged edges of text or objects. In voice signal processing, process of removing or smoothing out spurious frequencies from waveforms produced by converting digital signals back to analog.

regsvr32

In contrast with regedit.exe, the regsvr32 command can modify the Registry in only one way, adding (or registering) dynamic link library (DLL) files as command components in the Registry.

Flip 3D

In the Aero desktop environment, a three-dimensional replacement for alt-tab. Accessed by pressing the windows key-tab key combination.

Registered Memory

Includes an additional register between the RAM module and the memory controller. Also called buffered memory

DVD-RW/DVD+RW

Incompatible rewritable DVD media formats.

You are working on a 10-user network that has frequent troubles at night. The network almost never has trouble in the daytime while the lights are off. This problem is most likely?

Incorrect cable routing

You are troubleshooting a throughput problem on an 802.11b wireless network. A user complains that as she moves about the office, her client device loses connections to network resources. The client still shows a signal received from the access point, but cannot access the network. You determine that the client signal cannot reach the access point. How would you resolve this problem?

Increase Client Radio Power

update

Individual fixes for Windows that come out fairly often, on the order of once a week or so.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Industry- standard 8-bit characters used to define text characters, consisting of 96 upper- and low- ercase letters, plus 32 nonprinting control characters, each of which is numbered. These numbers were designed to achieve uniformity among computer devices for printing and the exchange of simple text documents.

CompTIA Network+ certification

Industry-wide, vendor-neutral certification for network technicians, covering network hardware, installation, and troubleshooting.

surge suppressor

Inexpensive device that protects your computer from voltage spikes.

Advantage of an Ink Jet Printer

Inexpensive technology High quality Relatively quiet

BSoD (Blue Screen of Death)

Infamous error screen that appears when Windows encounters an unrecoverable error.

location data

Information provided by a mobile device's GPS; used for mapping functions as well as for location-aware services, such as finding nearby restaurants or receiving coupons for nearby shops.

What is the term used to describe wireless communications that integrate wired and wireless technologies and use an access point?

Infrastructure mode

What material does a line printer require to produce images?

Ink Ribbon

Disadvantages of an Ink Jet Printer

Ink is expensive and proprietary Eventually fades Print head clogs easily

mouse

Input device that enables users to manipulate a cursor on the screen to select items.

keyboard

Input device. Three common types of keyboards exist: those that use a mini-DIN (PS/2) connection, those that use a USB connection, and those that use wireless technology.

multi-touch

Input method on many smartphones and tablets that enables you to use multiple fingers to do all sorts of fun things, such as using two fingers to scroll or swipe to another screen or desktop.

pen-based computing

Input method used by many PDAs that combines handwriting recognition with modified mouse functions, usually in the form of a pen-like stylus.

If a motherboard does not support Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) natively, how can you configure a RAID array on that system?

Install and configure a non-system RAID controller

upgrade installation

Installation of Windows on top of an earlier installed version, thus inheriting all previous hardware and software settings.

Android application package (APK)

Installation software for Android apps

Multi-channel Memory

Installed in pairs or trios for maximum throughput

When the video processing is moved onto the main processor, as in the Ivy Bridge, it is referred to as ?

Integrated GPU

Which Internet service technology has Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) largely replaced?

Integrated Services for Digital Network (ISDN)

USB host controller

Integrated circuit that is usually built into the chipset and controls every USB device that connects to it.

How does a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) 10 configuration work?

It combines the striping aspect of RAID 0 with the mirroring aspect of RAID 1 across four drives.

Virtualization

Intel = Intel VT AMD = AMD-V

Which type of processor does the LGA 1366 (Socket B) socket type accommodate?

Intel's Core i7 processor

What is UEFI based on?

Intel's EFI

MCH (Memory Controller Hub)

Intel-coined name for what is now commonly called the Northbridge.

FireWire (IEEE 1394)

Interconnection standard to send wide-band signals over a serialized, physically thin connector system. Serial bus developed by Apple and Texas Instruments; enables connection of 63 devices at speeds up to 800 Mbps.

MIDI (musical instrument digital interface)

Interface between a computer and a device for simulating musical instruments. Rather than sending large sound samples, a computer can simply send "instructions" to the instrument describing pitch, tone, and duration of a sound. MIDI files are therefore very efficient. Because a MIDI file is made up of a set of instructions rather than a copy of the sound, modifying each component of the file is easy. Additionally, it is possible to program many channels, or "voices," of music to be played simultaneously, creating symphonic sound.

You are looking in your spare parts inventory for a Micro-ITX motherboard. Before getting down to numbers, how will you base your first round of choices?

Internal Expansion Slot

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol Port 143

IMAP4

Internet Message Access Protocol v4

Ars Technica (arstechnica.com)

Internet technology news site.

DS3D (DirectSound3D)

Introduced with DirectX 3.0, a command set used to create positional audio, or sounds that appear to come from in front, in back, or to the side of a user. Merged with DirectSound into DirectAudio in DirectX 8. (See also

Gateway Address

Ip address of the host that enables access to the internet or to other networks. Computers must be on the same network number as the gateway.

IPv4

Ip addresses are 4 octets with values ranging from 0-255 32 bit number expressed in dotted-decimal notation EX: 192.168.0.100

APIPA?

Ipconfig/rease and /renewl check DHCP server.

Common Windows networking command-line tools

Ipconfig: Displays current TCP/IP netowrk configuration values; Ipconfig/all shows additional information such as MAC address. Ping: Tests whether another host is available over the network (example: ping 192.118.1.1). Ping 127.0.0.1 or ping ::2 to test the local computer. Ping -t is continuous, ping -n is a set of pings. ping -1 changes the size of each ping. ping -a resolves IP address to host name.

What should you use to clean a thermal printer heating element?

Isopropyl alcohol cleaning pen

What does a proxy server do?

It acts as an intermediary for requests for resources.

What is the purpose of implementing client-side Domain Name System (DNS) configuration?

It allows the client to resolve cached host names without connecting to a server

Is the TPM a separate module or integrated into the motherboard?

It can be either

How can a second SATA device be added to a SATA cable that already contains a device

It can't

What is the defining quality of an Integrated Services for Digital Network (ISDN) connection?

It carries both voice and data over digital phone lines or public switched telephone network (PSTN) wires.

Which of the following is the best description of a standard connector (SC) on a fiber optic cable?

It is box-shaped and is used with single-mode fiber.

What is a characteristic of CAT-3 cabling?

It is currently used for telephone wiring.

How is user name and password information sent over the network when using Telnet?

It is sent in plaintext unencrypted format.

What advantage does Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) have over Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)?

It is synchronized with the system bus, reducing the chance of loss of information during transfer.

What does the hyperthreading (HT) feature of an Intel chip do?

It makes one physical central processing unit (CPU) appear as two logical CPUs.

How does a CAT-5e cable differ from a CAT-5 cable?

It supports Gigabit Ethernet, whereas CAT-5 does not.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) interface as opposed to the Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface?

It supports hot swapping of drives.

How can you tell that you are looking at the main power connector to the motherboard?

It will be in the form of a 20-pin or 24-pin Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX) connector.

What is the best way to keep a system cool with proper airflow?

Keep Slot Back plates in place.

personal safety

Keeping yourself away from harm.

Windows logo key

Key on a keyboard bearing the Windows logo that traditionally brings up the Start menu, but is also used in some keyboard shortcuts.

In order to save space on fiber optic patch panels, Lucent Technologies developed a smaller connector.

What type of device is most likely to be connected to an HD15 cable?

LCD

LED monitor

LCD monitor that uses LEDs instead of CCFL tubes for backlighting, creating much higher contrast ratios and image quality.

Intel Sockets

LGA 775 LGA 1156 LGA 1155 replaces the 1156 LGA 1150 replaces the 1155 LGA 1366 LGA 2011 replaces the 1366

What is the 25-pin female port on the back of a PC

LPT( Line Printer)

LGA

Land Grid Array (Intel)

PostScript

Language defined by Adobe Systems, Inc., for describing how to create an image on a page. The description is independent of the resolution of the device that will actually create the image. It includes a technology for defining the shape of a font and creating a raster image at many different resolutions and sizes.

matte

Laptop screen finish that offers a good balance between richness of colors and reflections, but washes out in bright light.

When are SO-DIMMs used?

Laptops and mobile devices

Knowledge Base

Large collection of documents and FAQs that is maintained by Microsoft. Found on Microsoft's Web site, the Knowledge Base is an excellent place to search for assistance on most operating system problems.

What type of printer uses toner to produce the image on the paper?

Laser

Raspberry Pi

Latest generation of ultra-small, ARM-based computer motherboards with support for many operating systems and peripherals.

Repeater/Extender

Lengthen the strength of signals for wired or wireless

LCD TN Twisted Nematic

Less expensive than IPS.

tiers

Levels of Internet providers, ranging from the Tier 1 backbones to Tier 3 regional networks.

certification

License that demonstrates competency in some specialized skill.

Standard Audio Port Color codes

Light Blue- line input pink - microphone input lime green - main output for speakers/headphone black - output for surround sound speakers/back silver/brown - output for additional speakers orange - output for center speaker/subwoofer

CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent lamp)

Light technology used in LCDs and flatbed scanners. CCFLs use relatively little power for the amount of light they provide.

LDAP

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

What defines how a client can access information and share directory data on a directory server.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

Your modem works fine most of the time but some connections deliver bad characters. What is the cause?

Line Noise

Xeon

Line of Intel CPUs designed for servers

Linux and Mac OS X command-line tool for editing text files.

Linux command for copying entire block volumes.

apt-get

Linux command for installing or updating a program using the advanced packaging tool.

Linux command for listing all processes running on the computer.

iwconfig

Linux command for viewing and changing wireless settings.

pwd

Linux command that displays the user's current path.

Linux equivalent of the dir command, which displays the contents of a directory.

Which type of monitor uses cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) as the backlight source?

Liquid crystal display (LCD)

boot sequence

List containing information telling the bootstrap loader in which order to check the available storage devices for an OS. Configurable in CMOS setup.

Users group

List of local users not allowed, among other things, to edit the Registry or access critical system files. They can create groups, but can only manage the groups they create.

Administrators group

List of members with complete administrator privileges.

local user account

List of user names and their associated passwords with access to a system, contained in an encrypted database.

definition file

List of virus signatures that an antivirus program can recognize.

Is:

Lists directory contents; chmod modifies permissions; ps displays process information; apt-get installs packages; sudo executes commands as admin; vi opens text editor; passwd changes passwor; shutdown brings system down, highly configurable.

verify full system functionality

Making sure that a problem has been resolved and will not return. (Step 5 of 6 in the CompTIA troubleshooting theory.)

Which of the following tests checks the transmit and receive functions of a local modem?

Local Digital Loopback

LAN

Local area network

Which type of fiber optic connector uses a latch and can be used to transition installations from twisted pair copper cabling to fiber?

Local connector (LC)

LoJack for Laptops

Location software built into the BIOS of a computer. If the software is removed it will reinstall itself

Recycle Bin

Location to which files are moved when they are deleted from a modern Windows system. To permanently remove files from a system, they must be emptied from the Recycle Bin.

Welcome screen

Logon screen for Windows. Enables users to select their particular user account by clicking on their user picture.

DisplayPort

Looks similar to USB

amplitude

Loudness of a sound card.

A page from a laser printer has a vertical white streak. What is the most probable fault?

Low Toner

Advantage of an Impact Printer

Low cost per page Good for multiple copies

Celeron

Lower-cost brand of Intel CPUs.

IEEE 1394/ FireWire

MAX 63 devices 1394a/FireWire400 (400Mb/s, 4,6 conductor 4.5m) 1394b/FireWire800 (800Mb/s, 9 conductor 10m

ITX Motherboard

MINI ITX: 6.7in by 6.7in Good for HTPC's. NANO ITX: 4.7in by 4.7in Used in media centers, automotive PC's, personal recorders PICO ITX: 3.9in by 2.8in Used in extremely small PC's and ultra mobile. MOBILE ITX: 60mm by 60mm No ports, requires secondary I/O board Used for smart-phones and tiny devices.

What connector (sometimes called a Fiber Jack) has a compact snap-to-lock connector, and is used with multimode fiber.

MT-RJ

Utilities

Mac OS X folder that contains tools for performing services on a Mac beyond what's included in System Preferences, including Activity Monitor and Terminal.

Time Machine

Mac OS X full backup tool that enables you to recover some or all files in the event of a crash; it also enables you to restore deleted files and recover previous versions of files.

Keychain

Mac OS X password management and storage service that saves passwords for computer and non-computer environments. Also, the iCloud Keychain adds synchronization among any OS X and iOS devices connected to the Internet for a user account.

Finder

Mac OS X's file and folder browser.

What is AFP?

Mac OS file transfers

You are installing the Hyper-V Virtual Machine Manager on your Windows 7 System. An error message is displayed and you cannot continue. What could be the Cause?

Machine does not support Virtual Machine & Hardware Virtualization is not setup in BIOS"

dedicated server

Machine that is not used for any client functions, only server functions.

Disk vs Disc

Magnetic media is known as "Disk" Optical media is known as "Disc"

formatting

Magnetically mapping a disk to provide a structure for storing data; can be done to any type of disk, including a floppy disk, hard disk, or other type of removable disk.

Which power supply connector contains 24 pins?

Main Power Connector

What is the CMOS battery used for today?

Maintaining the date and time

Award Software

Major brand of BIOS and UEFI software for motherboards. Merged with Phoenix Technologies.

AMI (American Megatrends, Inc.)

Major producer of BIOS and UEFI software for motherboards, as well as many other computer-related components and software.

encryption

Making data unreadable by those who do not possess a key or password.

Assertive Communication

Means of communication that is not pushy or bossy but is also not soft. Useful in dealing with upset customers as it both defuses their anger and gives them confidence that you know what you're doing.

voucher

Means of getting a discount on the CompTIA A+ exams.

MMC (Microsoft Management Console)

Means of managing a system, introduced by Microsoft with Windows 2000. The MMC enables an administrator to customize management tools by picking and choosing from a list of snap-ins. Available snap-ins include Device Manager, Users and Groups, and Computer Management.

frequency

Measure of a sound's tone, either high or low.

dpi (dots per inch)

Measure of printer resolution that counts the dots the device can produce per linear (horizontal) inch.

bps (bits per second)

Measurement of how fast data is moved from one place to another. A 56K modem can move ~56,000 bits per second.

wattage (watts or W)

Measurement of the amps and volts needed for a particular device to function.

volts (V)

Measurement of the pressure of the electrons passing through a wire, or voltage

VIS (viewable image size)

Measurement of the viewable image that is displayed by a CRT rather than a measurement of the CRT itself.

What allows you to control which wireless clients may join your network.

Media access control (MAC) filtering

PC1600

Memory Clock Speed: 100 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 100 MHz DDR Speed: DDR-200 Transfers per Seconds: 200 Million Transfer Rate: 1600 MB/s

PC2-3200

Memory Clock Speed: 100 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 200 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-400 Transfers per Seconds: 400 Million Transfer Rate: 3200 MB/s

PC3-6400

Memory Clock Speed: 100 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 400 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-800 Transfers per Seconds: 800 Million Transfer Rate: 6400 MB/s

PC2100

Memory Clock Speed: 133 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 133 MHz DDR Speed: DDR-266 Transfers per Seconds: 266 Million Transfer Rate: 2133 MB/s

PC2-4200

Memory Clock Speed: 133 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 266 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-533 Transfers per Seconds: 533 Million Transfer Rate: 4266 MB/s

PC3-8500

Memory Clock Speed: 133 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 533 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-1066 Transfers per Seconds: 1.066 Billion Transfer Rate: 8533 MB/s

PC2700

Memory Clock Speed: 166 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 166 MHz DDR Speed: DDR-333 Transfers per Seconds: 333 Million Transfer Rate: 2667 MB/s

PC2-5300

Memory Clock Speed: 166 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 333 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-667 Transfers per Seconds: 667 Million Transfer Rate: 5333 MB/s

PC3-10600

Memory Clock Speed: 167 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 667 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-1333 Transfers per Seconds: 1.333 Billion Transfer Rate: 10667 MB/s

PC3200

Memory Clock Speed: 200 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 200 MHz DDR Speed: DDR-400 Transfers per Seconds: 400 Million Transfer Rate: 3200 MB/s

PC2-6400

Memory Clock Speed: 200 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 400 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-800 Transfers per Seconds: 800 Million Transfer Rate: 6400 MB/s

PC3-12800

Memory Clock Speed: 200 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 800 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-1600 Transfers per Seconds: 1.600 Billion Transfer Rate: 12800 MB/s

PC3-14900

Memory Clock Speed: 233 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 933 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-1866 Transfers per Seconds: 1.866 Billion Transfer Rate: 14933 MB/s

PC2-8500

Memory Clock Speed: 266 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 533 MHz DDR Speed: DDR2-1066 Transfers per Seconds: 1.066 Billion Transfer Rate: 8533 MB/s

PC3-17000

Memory Clock Speed: 267 MHz I/O Bus Clock Speed: 1067 MHz DDR Speed: DDR3-12133 Transfers per Seconds: 2.133 Billion Transfer Rate: 17066 MB/s

On legacy motherboards the Northbridge chipset controls the communication between the CPU and which of the choices?

Memory and PCI-E

RAM (random access memory)

Memory that can be accessed at random—that is, memory which you can write to or read from without touching the preceding address. This term is often used to mean a computer's main memory.

volatile

Memory that must have constant electricity to retain data. Alternatively, any programmer six hours before deadline after a nonstop, 48-hour coding session, running on nothing but caffeine and sugar.

DRAM (dynamic random access memory or dynamic RAM)

Memory used to store data in most personal computers. DRAM stores each bit in a "cell" com- posed of a transistor and a capacitor. Because the capacitor in a DRAM cell can only hold a charge for a few milliseconds, DRAM must be continually refreshed, or rewritten, to retain its data.

Advanced Startup Options menu

Menu that can be reached during the boot process that offers advanced OS startup options, such as to boot to Safe Mode or boot into Last Known Good Configuration.

Which of the following connector types would not be present as a modern ATX-compatible power supply?

Molex II

RAID (redundant array of independent [or inexpensive] disks)

Method for creating a fault-tolerant storage system. RAID uses multiple hard drives in various configurations to offer differing levels of speed/data redundancy.

daisy-chaining

Method of connecting several devices along a bus and managing the signals for each device.

parity

Method of error detection where a small group of bits being transferred is compared to a single parity bit set to make the total bits odd or even. Receiving device reads the parity bit and determines if the data is valid, based on the oddness or evenness of the parity bit.

MAC address filtering

Method of limiting wireless network access based on the physical, hard-wired address of the wireless NIC of a computing device.

CFS (Central File System)

Method to unify all storage devices within a network or organization to facilitate a single management point and to provide user access to any file or data within the organization.

MAN

Metropolitan (municipal) area network

Micro-DIMM

Micro Dual Inline Memory Module

Windows 7 Compatibility Center

Microsoft Web page that lists the hardware and software that work with Windows 7.

Print to XPS

Microsoft XML Paper Specification Similar use case to Adobe PDF Print to XPS, view in any operating system

Windows Update

Microsoft application used to keep Windows operating systems up to date with the latest patches or enhancements. (See Automatic Updates.)

Windows Hardware Certification Program

Microsoft's rigorous testing program for hardware manufacturers, which hardware devices must pass before their drivers can be digitally signed.

MS-CHAP

Microsoft's variation of the Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol that uses a slightly more advanced encryption protocol. Windows Vista uses MSCHAP v2 (version 2), and does not support MS-CHAP v1 (version 1).

Which display connector type is intended for portable devices while still being able to transfer uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data?

MiniHDMI

page fault

Minor memory-addressing error.

RAID 1

Mirroring File blocks are duplicated between physical drives High disk space utilization High redundancy Minimum of 2 drives

RAID 1

Mirroring. Data is copied on two identical disks. If each disk is on a separate controller it is known as disk duplexing. Fault tolerant Requires 2 disks and 2 only!

When Intel classifies CPUs as M class it signifies that the chip was designed especially for which purpose?

Mobile

Wi-Fi calling

Mobile device feature that enables users to make voice calls over a Wi-Fi network, rather than a cellular network.

swipe lock

Mobile device feature that uses a swipe gesture to unlock the mobile device.

passcode lock

Mobile device security feature that requires you to type in a series of letters, numbers, or motion patterns to unlock the mobile device each time you press the power button.

e-reader

Mobile electronic device used for reading e-books

airplane mode

Mode for mobile devices that disables all wireless and cellular communicationcom- munication for use on airplanes.

AT (Advanced Technology)

Model name of the second-generation, 80286-based IBM computer. Many aspects of the AT, such as the BIOS, CMOS, and expansion bus, have become de facto standards in the PC industry. The physical organization of the components on the motherboard is called the AT form factor.

Power Connectors

Molex SATA PCIe

Pentium

Name given to the fifth and later generations of Intel microprocessors; original had a 32-bit address bus, 64-bit external data bus, and dual pipelining. Also used for subsequent generations of Intel processors—the Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, and Pentium 4. Currently used as a budget label for Intel CPUs.

Applications

Name of the tab in Task Manager that lists running applications.

Athlon

Name used for a series of CPUs manufactured by AMD.

code names

Names that keep track of different variations within CPU models

What term describes the fixed resolution for liquid crystal display (LCD) or other flat panel display devices?

Native resolution

DRAM

Needs to be refreshed. volatile Slower than SRAM

Which of the following Windows commands do you use to browse all local network computers and their shared resources?

Net view

Which of the following commands would you use to view active network connections to your computer?

Netstat

What feature is a requirement for port forwarding to work?

Network Address Translation (NAT)

bus topology

Network configuration wherein all computers connect to the network via a central bus cable.

peer-to-peer network

Network in which each machine can act as both a client and a server.

Domain-Based Network

Network that eliminates the need for logging on to mul- tiple servers by using domain controllers to hold the security database for all systems.

mesh topology

Network topology where each computer has a dedicated line to every other computer, most often used in wireless networks.

CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access/collision detection)

Networking scheme used by Ethernet devices to transmit data and resend data after detection of data collisions.

cellular wireless networks

Networks that enable cell phones, smartphones, and other mobile devices to connect to the Internet.

Which CPU feature needs to be enabled in the BIOS and is designed to help thwart malware attempts to corrupt the system files?

No Execute Bit or Disable Execute Bit

ROM Read only Memory

Non-Volatile Can be read and written EX: EEPROM as a BIOS chip

PSU

Normally connectors are 24 pins, 20 in older ones. Most motherboards today also have a 4 pin power connector or a 8 pin, additional.

Which chip on the motherboard handles high speed communications for video and RAM?

Northbridge

While the inkjet print is ideal, what keeps the ink from leaking out of the ink cartridge and onto the paper?

Nozzle gaze

ReadyBoost

Windows feature enabling the use of flash media as dedicated virtual memory.

binary numbers

Number system with a base of 2, unlike the number systems most of us use that have bases of 10 (decimal numbers), 12 (measurement in feet and inches), and 60 (time). Binary numbers are preferred for computers for precision and economy. An electronic circuit that can detect the difference between two states (on-off, 0-1) is easier and more inexpensive to build than one that could detect the differences among ten states (0-9).

multiboot installation

OS installation in which multiple operating systems are installed on a single machine.

toner cartridge

Object used to store the toner in a laser printer. (See also laser printer, toner.)

A PC's CMOS information is continuously lost. What should you do after re-entering the correct settings?

Observe the pc for problem occurrence

component failure

Occurs when a system device fails due to a manufacturing or some other type of defect.

fragmentation

Occurs when files and directories get jumbled on a fixed disk and are no longer contiguous. Can significantly slow down hard drive access times and can be repaired by using the defrag utility included with each version of Windows. (See also defragmentation.)

wait state

Occurs when the CPU has to wait for RAM to provide code. Also known as pipeline stall.

ICH (I/O Controller Hub)

Official name for Southbridge chip found in Intel's chipsets.

Backup or Restore Wizard

Older Windows utility that enables users to create system backups and set system restore points.

TN (twisted nematic)

Older technology for LCD monitors. TN monitors pro- duce a decent display for a modest price, but they have limited viewing angles and can't accurately reproduce all the color information sent by the video card.

active partition

On a hard drive, primary partition that contains an operating system.

Hyper-Threading

One CPU acting like two.

baud

One analog cycle on a telephone line. In the early days of telephone data transmission, the baud rate was often analogous to bits per second. Due to advanced modulation of baud cycles as well as data compression, this is no longer true.

Certified Cisco Network Associate (CCNA)

One of the certifications demonstrating a knowledge of Cisco networking products.

CompactFlash (CF

One of the older but still popular flash media formats. Its interface uses a simplified PC Card bus, so it also supports I/O devices

backlight

One of three main components used in LCDs to illuminate an image.

voice coil motor

One of two methods used to move actuator arms in a hard drive. (See also stepper motor.)

theory of probable cause

One possible reason why something is not working; a guess.

mini connector

One type of power connector from a PC power supply unit. Supplies 5 and 12 volts to peripherals. Also known as a floppy connector.

Print to PDF

One-way print fro app to PDF Requires specialized software to create and view a PDF PDF viewers built into may internet browsers Many third party tools available

Linux

Open-source UNIX-clone operating system.

When formatting a large capacity drive what situation would cause it to format at a lower capacity when you set it up in an operating system?

Operating system overhead

DVD (digital versatile disc)

Optical disc format that provides for 4-17 GB of video or data storage.

Last Known Good Configuration

Option on the Advanced Startup Options menu that enables your system to revert to a previous configuration to troubleshoot and repair any major system problems.

Motherboard pin color voltages

Orange +3.3V Black ground Brown +3.3V Blue -12V Red +5V Gray Power Good Purple +5V standby Yellow +12V Green Power On White -5V

multimedia extensions (MMX)

Originally an Intel CPU enhancement designed for graphics-intensive applications (such as games). It was never embraced but eventually led to improvements in how CPUs handle graphics.

CD (compact disc)

Originally designed as the replacement for vinyl records, has become the primary method of long-term storage of music and data.

printer

Output device that can print text or illustrations on paper. Microsoft uses the term to refer to the software that controls the physical print device.

IDE (integrated drive electronics)

PC specification for small- to medium-sized hard drives in which the controlling electronics for the drive are part of the drive itself, speeding up transfer rates and leaving only a simple adapter (or "paddle"). IDE only supported two drives per system of no more than 504 MB each, and has been completely supplanted by Enhanced IDE. EIDE supports four drives of over 8 GB each and more than doubles the transfer rate. The more common name for PATA drives. Also known as intelligent drive electronics. (See PATA.)

PCI-X (PCI Extended)

PCI for servers (NOT PCI EXPRESS)

You are a building a Blade Server. Which bus architecture will you use?

PCI-X

Mini PCI/PCIe Mini Cards

PCI/PCIe for laptops

Which of the following video interfaces would you use for a PC gamer

PCIE

Which standard is most utilized for display adapters in modern systems?

PCIe

Three short beeps during POST indicates which of the following?

POST error - error code

What type of port is traditionally used for mice and keyboards?

PS/2

Which Acronym best describes an item also known as mini-din(Deutsches Institut fur Normung)

PS/2

Which statement is true concerning how external conditions affect a wireless link range?

Packet error rate increases on the signal's fringe.

What is periodic printer maintenance based on?

Page count

jumper

Pair of small pins that can be shorted with a shunt to configure many aspects of PCs. Often used in configurations that are rarely changed, such as master/slave settings on IDE drives.

Which component on a printer could you check if an error code indicates a paper jam, but there is no paper in the printer?

Paper-feed sensor

jack (physical connection)

Part of a connector into which a plug is inserted. Also referred to as a port.

actively listen

Part of respectful communication involving listening and taking notes without interrupting.

Secure Boot

Part of the UEFI specification. Digitally sign known good software. The software won't run without the proper signature.

USB root hub

Part of the host controller that makes the physical connection to the USB ports.

What is the first step when configuring a HD into a system?

Partition

primary partition

Partition on a Windows hard drive that can store a bootable operating system.

virus shield

Passive monitoring of a computer's activity, checking for viruses only when certain events occur.

thermal compound

Paste-like material with very high heat-transfer properties. Applied between the CPU and the cooling device, it ensures the best possible dispersal of heat from the CPU. Also called heat dope or thermal paste.

raster image

Pattern of dots representing what the final product should look like.

Which processors took advantage of hyperthreading technology

Pentium 4 and Intel Xeon

PCI

Peripheral Component Interconnect expansion slot

joystick

Peripheral often used while playing computer games; originally intended as a multipurpose input device.

PAN

Personal area network

Print to image

Print to a graphics image Not integrated into the OS Some third-party image print drivers are available

UTP (unshielded twisted pair)

Popular type of cabling for telephone and networks, composed of pairs of wires twisted around each other at specific intervals. The twists serve to reduce interference (also called crosstalk). The more twists, the less interference. Unlike its cousin, STP, UTP cable has no metallic shielding to protect the wires from external interference. 1000BaseT uses UTP, as do many other networking technologies. UTP is available in a variety of grades, called categories, as follows: CAT 1 UTP Regular analog phone lines—not used for data communications. CAT 2 UTP Supports speeds up to 4 Mbps. CAT 3 UTP Supports speeds up to 16 Mbps. CAT 4 UTP Supports speeds up to 20 Mbps. CAT 5 UTP Supports speeds up to 100 Mbps. CAT 5e UTP Supports speeds up to 1000 Mbps. CAT 6 UTP Supports speeds up to 10 Gbps. CAT 6a UTP Supports speeds up to 10 Gbps. CAT 7 UTP Supports 10-Gbps networks at 100-meter segments; shielding for individual wire pairs reduces crosstalk and noise problems. CAT 7 is not a TIA /EIA standard.

In a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network, what term is used to describe the endpoint of a logical connection?

Port

What setting should you enable if you wanted to configure a host to automatically and dynamically forward inbound traffic received on specific ports to other ports?

Port triggering

desktop replacement

Portable computer that offers the same performance as a full-fledged desktop computer; these systems are normally very heavy to carry and often cost much more than the desktop systems they replace.

FCS (Frame Check Sequence)

Portion of an Ethernet frame used for error checking, most commonly with the CRC algorithm.

page file

Portion of the hard drive set aside by Windows to act like RAM. Also known as virtual memory or swap file.

POP3

Post Office Protocol Port 110

POP3

Post Office Protocol version 3

What printer driver displays specific information about the printer itself, as well as the options that can be modified by the user?

PostScript printer description (PPD)

remnant

Potentially recoverable data on a hard drive that remains despite formatting or deleting.

POST

Power On Self Test First step of bootstrapping

When you try to print to a network printer that you know you have access to, you receive an "access denied" message. What do you do to resolve the issue?

Power cycle the printer to refresh all connections

Printer paper jam?

Power cycle, check paper tray, rollers, paper type, fuser, and entire paper path.

What should you do before laser printer maintenance?

Power down the printer

What should you do before replacing a toner cartridge?

Power down the printer

ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)

Power management specification that far surpasses its predecessor, APM, by providing support for hot swappable devices and better control of power modes.

What can be used to ensure long battery life in a portable computer?

Power options

PoE

Power over Ethernet: 802.3af devices that send Ethernet data and power over twisted-pair cable to compliant devices (for example, a PoE injector).

throttling

Power reduction/thermal control capability allowing CPUs to slow down during low activity or high heat build-up situations. Intel's version is known as Speed- Step, AMD's as PowerNow!.

Which component modifies AC voltage into DC voltage?

Power supply

You have a customer who calls you to report her computer shuts down and reboots on its own when she tries to start it. What could be the cause?

Power supply is not providing enough power to the system

Which of the following hardware components are required for POST to complete?

Power, CPU, POST, BOOT, OS

SCSI (small computer system interface)

Powerful and flexible peripheral interface popularized on the Macintosh and used to connect hard drives, optical drives, tape drives, scanners, and other devices to PCs of all kinds. Normal SCSI enables up to seven devices to be connected through a single bus connection, whereas Wide SCSI can handle 15 devices attached to a single controller.

Lithium Battery (CR2032)

Powers the CMOS when the computer is off. 3.0 Volts

mega-

Prefix that stands for the binary quantity 1,048,576 (220) or the decimal quantity of 1,000,000. One megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes. One megahertz, however, is a million hertz. Sometimes shortened to Meg, as in "a 286 has an address space of 16 Megs."

A laser printer generates a completely black paper. What is the Cause?

Primary Corona

What components are found on a toner cartridge of a laser printer?

Primary Corona Wire Photoconductive Drum Cleaning Blade

external data bus (EDB)

Primary data highway of all computers. Everything in your computer is tied either directly or indirectly to the external data bus. (See also frontside bus and backside bus.)

system BIOS

Primary set of BIOS stored on an EPROM or flash ROM chip on the motherboard. Defines the BIOS for all the assumed hardware on the motherboard, such as keyboard controller, floppy drive, basic video, and RAM.

power supply unit

Provides the electrical power for a PC. Converts standard AC power into various voltages of DC electricity in a PC.

You try to back up your DLT tape drive. You receive an error message that the tape drive is not available, this occurs even if you try a new cartridge what do you do?

Put a taper cleaner into the drive.

timbre

Qualities that differentiate the same note played on different instruments.

QoS

Quality of Service: Attempts to prioritize streaming media (VOIP, video playback, etc.)

print resolution

Quality of a print image.

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

RAID 0,1,5,10

RAID 10

RAID 1 + RAID 0 Fault tolerant Minimum of 2 disks, but usually have 4 or more.

What PC component is referred to as primary storage and loses its content when power is removed?

RAM

double-sided RAM

RAM stick with RAM chips soldered to both sides of the stick. May only be used with motherboards designed to accept double-sided RAM. Very common.

ECC RAM/DRAM (error correction code DRAM)

RAM that uses special chips to detect and fix memory errors. Commonly used in high-end servers where data integrity is crucial.

unbuffered RAM

RAM without a buffer chip; in other words, normal, consumer grade RAM.

What also know as thinnet, is an older type of media used for networking?

RG-58

Which type of networking cable is also referred to as "thinnet"?

RG-58

What is currently the best cabling option for digital TV and cable connectivity?

RG-6

coaxial

RG-6 uses f connector. Cable used for cable tv set up boxes. 500-1000max feet 1Gb/s bandwidth RG-6/U, double shielded RG-6UQ, quad shielded

Alsoknown as "thicknet," was once used as a backbone cable in coaxial network installations, but is very rarely seen anymore.

RG-8

Which type of connector is sometimes referred to as "thicknet"?

RG-8

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of component video?

RGB

10BaseT uses _____ connectors?

RJ-45

UTP type cables uses which connector

RJ-45

What is the standard connector on a UTP cable?

RJ-45

From which location do the first instructions come from when a microcomputer is powering up?

ROM BIOS

Flash ROM

ROM technology that can be electrically reprogrammed while still in the PC. Overwhelmingly the most common storage medium of BIOS in computers today, as it can be upgraded without a need to open the computer on most systems.

Ram Parity

Ram stores an extra bit for error detection. Always a odd number for the parity bit such as 9. Good for data integrity.

UDF (universal data format)

Replaced the ISO-9660 formats, enabling any operating system and optical drive to read UDF formatted disks.

RAM

Random Access Memory DIMMs include DDR(184 pins). DDR2 (240 pins), DDR3 (240 pins), and DDR4 (288 pins). Ram SODIMMs include DDR (200 pin), DDR2 (200 pins), DDR3 (204 Pin), and DDR4 (260 pin). Example of DDR3-1600 data transfer caculation: 1600 MT/s x 8 = 12,800 MB/s. Dual-channel is double width. 128 bit bus. Triple-channel is 3x the width, 192 bit bus. Quad-channel is 4x the width, 256-bit bus. Latency measured as CL or CAS.

transfer rate

Rate of data transferred between two devices, especially over the expansion bus.

Category 3 Cable

Rated for 10 Mb/s

Category 5 Cable

Rated for 100 Mb/s

Category 5e Cable

Rated for 100 Mb/s and gigabit networks

Category 6/6a Cable

Rated for gigabit and 10 Gb/s networks

Category 7 Cable

Rated for gigabit and 10 Gb/s networks

Aspect Ratio

Ratio of width to height of an object. Standard television has a 4:3 aspect ratio. High-definition television is 16:9. Desktop computer monitors tend to be either 16:9 or 16:10.

ROM

Read-Only Memory Can't be changed or erased

CD-ROM (compact disc/read-only memory

Read-only compact storage disc for audio or video data. CD-ROMs are read by using CD-ROM drives and optical drives with backward compatibility, such as DVD and Blu-ray Disc drives.

Read-write Used for backups

mirroring

Reading and writing data at the same time to two drives for fault tolerance purposes. Considered RAID level 1. Also called drive mirroring.

multisession drive

Recordable CD drive capable of burning multiple sessions onto a single recordable disc. A multisession drive also can close a CD-R so that no further tracks can be written to it.

document findings, actions, and outcomes

Recording each troubleshooting job: what the problem was, how it was fixed, and other helpful information. (Step 6 of 6 in the CompTIA troubleshooting theory.)

The purpose of the Windows 7 ____ is to allow you to use tools to repair damaged registry, system files, and the files system on the hard drive.

Recovery Environment(RE)

The customer has a problem with some program applications being displayed with missing lines, details and other graphic problems. Which of the following settings could you change to help this problem?

Reduce the hardware graphics acceleration

RAID

Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks

RAID

Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks.

A laser printer has come due for service. You check the counter and the printer has printed roughly 20,000 pages. Which of the following steps would you take?

Refer to the Printer's Maintenance kit and follow instructions.

dual boot

Refers to a computer with two operating systems installed, enabling users to choose which operating system to load on boot. Can also refer to kicking a device a second time just in case the first time didn't work.

What ports have a range of 1024 to 49151

Registered port

What are the small areas used to store data entering and leaving the CPU called?

Registers

Southbridge

Relatively slower connections USB, Ethernet, SATA, etc. BIOS

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol Port 3389

Which service is enabled via a registered port rather than a well-known port?

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

floppy disk

Removable storage media that can hold between 720 KB and 1.44 MB of data.

A locally attached Windows 7 printer is printing garbled text and several blank pages with each print request. Which of the following is the easiest way to fix this?

Remove the printer and let windows reinstall it

remediation

Repairing damage caused by a virus.

If your laser printer's fuser roller is warped or worn, which output symptom will you observe?

Repeating horizontal lines or white spaces

What is laster printer maintenance?

Replace feed rollers, transfer rollers, pickup rollers, and fuser unit

A user in your company installs a new application that includes a new updated video driver on his Windows 8 professional computer. After the installation, they restart their computer and after logging on they find that when moving windows and dialog boxes that the display is distorted. you need to find the correct video driver for the new application. Meanwhile, you need to ensure that the user can run his other applications without video distortion. What should be your response?

Roll back the driver.

Which components move the paper forward in an inkjet printer?

Rollers and feeders

DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung)

Round connector shell with pins or holes that was standardized by the German national standards body. Largely obsolete, DIN and mini-DIN connectors have been used by keyboards, mice, video systems, and other peripherals attached to computers.

What network device is used to transmit packets from source to destination between network segments?

Router

Which network device is used to allow data packets from your LAN to be delivered to a network with a different network ID?

Router

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Rules that enable two computers to talk to one another during a file transfer. Protocol used when you transfer a file from one computer to another across the Internet. FTP uses port numbers 20 and 21.

Your system will not boot. There are no errors displayed. You only see a blinking cursor at the top of the screen. What is your next logical step?

Run the motherboard diagnostic

hypervisor type 2

Runs operating systems on top of other ones. Less efficient.

Which drive standard is capable of up to 600Mbps data transfer rates for magnetic and SSD?

SATA 3

What connector is a box-shaped connector that snaps into a receptacle, and is used with single-mode fiber.

Fiber optic

SC, ST, and LC

Nonvolatile memory include:

SD cards CompactFlash cards SSD USB Flash Drives PCIe storage Card

SO-DIMM Pins

SDR - 144 DDR - 200 DDR2 - 200 DDR3 - 204 DDR4 - 260

A space-saving fiber optic connector type Mechanical Transfer Register Jack(MTRJ) can be used with which of the following cable types?

SMF & MMF

What is Port 23?

SMTP

Name two kinds of laptop rams

SODIMM microDIMM

NAND is another term for ?

SSD

Which of the following do you need to connect an 802.11 network that uses WEP?

SSID & Password

Cloud Computing

SaaS Software as a service, users access applications over the internet from a third party. IaaS Infrastructure as a service, offers networking/storage/etc, on the cloud. PaaS Platform as a service, ability to develop applications in a virtual environment of whatever else.

When setting up a system on dual channel memory, the memory should be?

Same Manufacturer, Same Size, and Same Speed

S-Video

Separate Video, 4,6,7,9 connector

emergency repair disk (ERD)

Saves critical boot files and partition information and is the main tool for fixing boot problems in older versions of Windows. Newer versions of Windows call this a system repair disc (Windows Vista/7) or recovery drive (Windows 8/8.1 and 10).

data storage

Saving a permanent copy of your work so that you can come back to it later.

file system

Scheme that directs how an OS stores and retrieves data on and off a drive; FAT32 and NTFS are both file systems. Used interchangeably with the term "data structure." (See also data structure.)

data structure

Scheme that directs how an OS stores and retrieves data on and off a drive. Used interchangeably with the term file system. (See also file system.)

monitor

Screen that displays data from a PC. Can use either a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) to display images.

Level 2 (L2) cache

Second RAM cache accessed by the CPU. Much larger and often slower than the L1 cache, and accessed only if the requested program/data is not in the L1 cache.

partition

Section of the storage area of a hard disk. Created during initial preparation of the hard disk, before the disk is formatted.

logical drives

Sections of an extended partition on a hard drive that are formatted and (usually) assigned a drive letter, each of which is presented to the user as if it were a separate drive.

partition boot table

Sector of a partition that stores information important to its partition, such as the location of the OS boot files. Responsible for loading the OS on a partition.

SSH

Secure Shell

SSH

Secure Shell Port 22

protocol enables a user or application to log on to another computer over a network, execute commands, and manage files.

Secure Shell (SSH)

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) service combines Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and what other protocol?

Secure Sockets Layer/ Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS)

HTTPS (HTTP over Secure Sockets Layer)

Secure form of HTTP used commonly for Internet business transactions or any time when a secure connection is required. Uses port 443. (See also HTTP.)

Access control

Security concept using physical security, authorization users and groups and security policies.

LoJack

Security feature included in some BIOS/UEFI that enables a user to track the location of a stolen PC, install a key logger, or remotely shut down the stolen computer.

reciprocity

See Ethic of Reciprocity

XT bus

See PC bus.

PowerShell

See Windows PowerShell.

registered RAM

See buffered RAM.

VMM (virtual machine manager)

See hypervisor.

virtual machine manager (VMM)

See hypervisor.

video display

See monitor.

swap file

See page file.

virtual memory

See page file.

System File Checker

See sfc.

synchronize

See sync.

tone generator

See toner.

tone probe

See toner.

bootstrap loader

Segment of code in a system's BIOS that scans for an operating system, looks specifically for a valid boot sector, and, when one is found, hands control over to the boot sector; then the bootstrap loader removes itself from memory

Component/RGB

Send analog or digital signals through wires. Red,Green,Blue

Tracert:

Sends packets to test destinations beyond the local computer's network.

rails

Separate DC voltage paths within an ATX power supply.

STP

Shielded Twisted Pair

front-view projector

Shoots the image out the front and counts on you to put a screen in front at the proper distance.

MP3

Short for MPEG Audio Layer 3, a type of compression used specifically for turning high-quality digital audio files into much smaller, yet similar-sounding, files.

CAB files

Short for cabinet files. These files are compressed and most commonly used during OS installation to store many smaller files, such as device drivers.

cd (chdir)

Shorthand for "change directory." Enables you to change the focus of the command prompt from one directory to another.

Netstat:

Shows the network statistics for the local computer. Displays TCP and UDP sessions by computer name (or IP) and port.

Nbtstat:

Shows the network statistics that use NetBIOS over TCP/IP connections. Show core services running on local or remote machines.

differential backup

Similar to an incremental backup. Backs up the files that have been changed since the last backup. This type of backup does not change the state of the archive bit.

duplexing

Similar to mirroring in that data is written to and read from two physical drives, for fault tolerance. Separate controllers are used for each drive, both for additional fault tolerance and for additional speed. Considered RAID level 1. Also called disk duplexing or drive duplexing.

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Port 25 Can use port 587

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

What is used to collect information from network devices for diagnostic and maintenance purposes. This requires both a management system (the SNMP manager) as well as agent software on each device that needs to be managed.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Single Channel vs Multi Channel Ram Architecture

Single - 64 bit bus Dual - 128 bit bus Triple - 192 bit bus Quadruple - 256 bit bus 64 bits for every upgrade

Single sided vs Double Sided

Single Sided - Computer can access all the chips at once. Double Sided - Two sides known as "banks" and the computer can only read one side at a time.

bit

Single binary digit. Also, any device that can be in an on or off state.

cylinder

Single concentric track passing through all the platters in a hard disk drive. Imagine a hard disk drive as a series of metal cans, nested one inside another; a single can would represent a cylinder.

Which type of Random Access Memory (RAM) must be installed in matched pairs?

Single in-line memory module (SIMM)

What kind of system is Mini-ITX designed for?

Single purpose computing (such as streaming media)

In which type of fiber optic cable does a laser modulated in amplitude transmit the signal through the fiber?

Single-mode fiber

laser

Single-wavelength, in-phase light source that is sometimes strapped to the head of sharks by bad guys. Note to henchmen: Lasers should never be used with sea bass, no matter how ill-tempered they might be.

What must you make sure is correct when replacing thermal printer paper?

Size

throw

Size of the image a projector displays at a certain distance from the screen. Alternately, what you do with a computer that you just can't seem to get working.

Which of the following is an example of passive cooling?

Slowing down the speed at which internal components are running

SO-DIMM

Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module

VRM (voltage regulator module)

Small card supplied with some CPUs to ensure that the CPU gets correct voltage. This type of card, which must be used with a motherboard specially designed to accept it, is not commonly seen today.

module

Small circuit board that DRAM chips are attached to. Also known as a "stick.

mini-DIN

Small connection most commonly used for keyboards and mice. Many modern systems implement USB in place of mini-DIN connections. Also called PS/2.

traces

Small electrical connections embedded in a circuit board.

power supply fan

Small fan located in a system power supply that draws warm air from inside the power supply and exhausts it to the outside.

microATX

Small form-factor motherboard Similar mounting points and power as ATX

icon

Small image or graphic, most commonly found on a system's desktop, that launches a program when selected.

texture

Small picture that is tiled over and over again on walls, floors, and other surfaces to create the 3-D world.

PAN (personal area network)

Small wireless network created with Bluetooth technology and intended to link computers and other peripheral devices.

netbook

Small, low-power laptop used primarily for Web browsing.

mini USB

Smaller USB connector often found on digital cameras.

thread

Smallest logical division of a single program.

What device is described as a mini computer in your pocket running a mobile operating system?

Smart phone

Android

Smartphone and tablet OS created by Google.

Performance Logs and Alerts

Snap-in enabling the creation of a written record of most everything that happens on the system.

The LGA 1366 is also referred to as

Socket B

LGA 1336

Socket B Release Date: 2008 CPUs: Core i7 (Nehalem) RAM: DDR3 Tripple-channel

The LGA 1156 is also referred to as

Socket H or H1

LGA 1156

Socket H/H1 Release Date: 2009 CPUs: Core i3,5,7 (Nehalem) RAM: DDR3 Dual-channel

LGA 1155

Socket H2 Release Date: 2011 CPUs: Sandy/Ivy Bridge RAM: DDR3 dual-channel

LGA 1150

Socket H3 Release Date: 2013 CPUs: Haswell, Broadwell RAM: DDR3 dual-channel

The LGA 2011 is also referred to as

Socket R

Which type of socket uses over 2,000 copper pins and was designed to replace Socket B?

Socket R

LGA 2011

Socket R Release Date: 2011 CPUs: Sandy Bridge-E/EP, Ivy Bridge-E/EP, Haswell-E/EP RAM: DDR3/DDR4 quad-channel

Which Intel CPU socket type is also referred to as LGA 775?

Socket T

LGA 775

Socket T Release Date: 2004 CPUs: Pentium 4, Core 2 RAM: DDR2 and DDR3

ZIF (zero insertion force) socket

Socket for CPUs that enables insertion of a chip without the need to apply pressure. Intel promoted this socket with its overdrive upgrades. The chip drops effortlessly into the socket's holes, and a small lever locks it in.

API (application programming interface)

Software definition that describes operating system calls for application software; conventions defining how a service is invoked.

antivirus program

Software designed to combat viruses destroying them or passively guarding against them.

MAM (mobile application management)

Software enabling a company's IT department to manage mobile apps on employees' mobile devices.

emulator

Software or hardware that converts the commands to and from the host machine into an entirely different platform.

codec (compressor/decompressor

Software that compresses or decompresses media streams.

hypervisor

Software that enables a single computer to run multiple operating systems simultaneously.

freeware

Software that is distributed for free, with no license fee.

antistatic mat

Special surface on which to lay electronics. These mats come with a grounding connection designed to equalize electrical potential between a workbench and one or more electronic devices. Used to prevent electrostatic discharge.

DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

Special video connector designed for digitalto- digital connections; most commonly seen on PC video cards and LCD monitors. Some versions also support analog signals with a special adapter.

Mini-PCI

Specialized form of PCI designed for use in laptops.

Mini-PCIe

Specialized form of PCIe designed for use in laptops.

MMX (multimedia extensions)

Specific CPU instructions that enable a CPU to handle many multimedia functions, such as digital signal processing. Introduced with the Pentium CPU, these instructions are used on all ×86 CPUs.

DNS domain

Specific branch of the DNS name space. First-level DNS domains include .com, .gov, and .edu.

DPMS (display power-management signaling)

Specification that can reduce monitor power consumption by 75 percent by reducing/eliminating video signals during idle periods.

system bus speed

Speed at which the CPU and the rest of the PC operates; set by the system crystal.

ppm (pages per minute)

Speed of a printer.

What are the advantages of USB

Speed, Expansion, Ease of configuration

BNC/RCA

Standard Definition, yellow white red

SD Card Capacities

Standard SD Card - 4GB SD High Capacity - 32GB SD eXtended Capacity - 2TB

form factor

Standard for the physical organization of motherboard components and motherboard size. Most common form factors are ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX.

VGA (video graphics array)

Standard for the video graphics adapter that was built into IBM's PS/2 computer. It supports 16 colors in a 640 × 480 pixel video display.

dipole antennas

Standard straight-wire antennas that provide the most omnidirectional function.

ATX (Advanced Technology Extended)

Standardized by Intel in 1995 Sill very popular

MSDS (material safety data sheet)

Standardized form that provides detailed information about potential environmental hazards and proper disposal methods associated with various computing components.

V standards

Standards established by CCITT for modem manufacturers to follow (voluntarily) to ensure compatible speeds, compression, and error correction.

SRAM

Static RAM Maintains data without constant refreshing Very fast, very expensive Often used in processor caches

What type of Random Access Memory (RAM) is used for cache memory and does not need to be refreshed to retain information?

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)

troubleshooting theory

Steps a technician uses to solve a problem. CompTIA A+ defines six steps: identify the problem; establish a theory of probable cause; test the theory to determine cause; establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement a solution; verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventive measures; and document findings, actions, and outcomes.

Storage area inside the CPU used by the onboard logic to perform calculations. CPUs have many registers to perform different functions.

EFS (encrypting file system)

Storage organization and management service, such as NTFS, that has the capability of applying a cipher process to the stored data.

CMOS

Stores setting and time/date

vendor specific

Stores that only sell products from one manufacturer, like the Apple store.

What connector is a fiber optic cable that is used to connect multimode fiber

Straight Tip (ST)

RAID 0

Striping File blocks are split between physical drives High performance No redundancy Minimum of 2 drives

RAID 5

Striping with Parity File blocks are striped along with a parity block Efficient use of disk space High redundancy Minimum of 3 drives

RAID 5

Striping with parity. Fault tolerant Requires at least 3 disks.

RAID 0

Striping. Data is striped across multiple disks in an effort to increase performance. Not fault tolerant Requires at least 2 disks

CAT 7

Supports 10-Gbps networks at 100-meter segments; shielding for individual wire pairs reduces crosstalk and noise problems. CAT 7 is not a TIA/EIA standard.

Which network device has replaced hubs in most networks due to increased efficiency?

Switch

SDRAM

Synchronous Dynamic RAM Synchronous with the common system clock

floppy drive

System hardware that uses removable 3.5-inch disks as storage media.

WWW (World Wide Web)

System of Internet servers that supports documents formatted in HTML and related protocols. Can be accessed by applications that use HTTP and HTTPS, such as Web browsers.

data classification

System of organizing data according to its sensitivity. Common classifications include public, highly confidential, and top secret.

DLP (data loss prevention)

System or set of rules designed to stop leakage of sensitive information. Usually applied to Internet appliances to monitor outgoing network traffic.

DMA (direct memory access) modes

Technique that some PC hardware devices use to transfer data to and from the memory without using the CPU.

wave table synthesis

Technique that supplanted FM synthesis, wherein recordings of actual instruments or other sounds are embedded in the sound card as WAV files. When a particular note from a particular instrument or voice is requested, the sound processor grabs the appropriate prerecorded WAV file from its memory and adjusts it to match the specific sound and timing requested.

Scalable Link Interface (SLI)

Technology for connecting two or more NVIDIA GPUs together in a system.

passive matrix

Technology for producing colors in LCD monitors by varying voltages across wire matrices to produce red, green, or blue dots.

DTS (Digital Theatre Systems)

Technology for sound reductions and channeling methods, similar to Dolby Digital.

Dolby Digital

Technology for sound reductions and channeling methods used for digital audio.

preboot execution environment (PXE)

Technology that enables a PC to boot without any local storage by retrieving an OS from a server over a network.

face lock

Technology that enables use of facial features to unlock a mobile device or personal computer.

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

Technology that provides power and data transmis- sion through a single network cable.

proprietary

Technology unique to a particular vendor.

Telnet

Telecommunication Network

Telnet

Telnet Port 23

color depth

Term to define a scanner's ability to produce color, hue, and shade.

permission propagation

Term to describe what happens to permissions on an object when you move or copy it.

megapixel

Term used typically in reference to digital cameras and their ability to capture data.

Power issues?

Test AC outlet with receptacle tester or multimeter. Test power supply with PSU tester or multimeter: A power supply tester tests 3.3 V, 5 V, -5 V, 12 V, and -12 V. Do not open power supply; it is a FRU (field replaceable unit)

boot.ini

Text file used during the boot process that provides a list of all OSs currently installed and available for ntldr (NT Loader). Also tells where each OS is located on the system. Used in Windows XP and earlier Microsoft operating systems.

command prompt

Text prompt for entering commands

CPU

The Central Processing unit or processor take care of most calculations. Intel CPUs use LGA775, 1150, 1155, 1156, 1366, and 2011 sockets. AMD CPUs use AM3, AM3+, FM1, FM2, and FM2 + sockets. L1/L2 cache in each core. L3 cache is shared among entire CPU. Thermal compound (paste) is required whenever heat sink is installed. Heat sinks are either active (with powered fan) or passive (without). Liquid-based cooling systems can dissipate heat very efficiently.

classful IP addresses

The first number in the IP address dictates what class the address is part of. IP class A- 1-126, 126 networks, 16,777,214 hosts IP class B- 128-191, 16,384 networks, 65,534 hosts IP class C- 192-223, 2,097,152, 254 hosts

satellites

Two or more standard stereo speakers to be combined with a subwoofer for a speaker system (i.e., 2.1, 5.1, 7.1, etc.).

What socket type was designed to be used with the Fusion and Athlon II processors.

The FM1

What are the two possible configurations of a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) motherboard connector?

The PCIe connector can be in the form of a 6-pin or an 8-pin configuration. Both connectors provide power at 12 volts, but the maximum wattage is different.

Aero

The Windows Vista/7 desktop environment. Aero adds some interesting aestheticaes- thetic effects such as window transparency and Flip 3D.

Live DVD

The Windows installation media, which loads the Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) directly from disc into memory and doesn't access or modify a hard drive or solid-state drive.

What capability are you providing by installing a network interface controller (NIC)?

The ability to access a wired or wireless network

What capability does a modem card add to a computer?

The ability to communicate over phone or data lines

Tethering

The act of using a cellular-network-connected mobile device as a mobile hotspot.

Thermal Design Power (TDP)

The amount of heat generated by the CPU, which the cooling system in required to dissipate.

Impedance

The amount of resistance to electricity.

VRR (vertical refresh rate)

The amount of time it takes for a CRT to draw a complete screen. This value is measured in hertz, or cycles per second. Most modern CRTs have a VRR of 60 Hz or better.

Tiles

The building blocks of Windows 8's Modern UI, as potentially "smart" app shortcuts, capable of displaying dynamic and changing information without even open- ing the app.

An employee is complaining that when he turns his lights on in the office, he can't connect to the network. With the light off his sytem works fine. What can be the problem?

The cable system is faulty

A user reports that his computer's screen is blank after he powers it on. He hears the power supply fan running and there seems to be no power issues with the computer. What do you tell the user?

The computer has incompatible memory modules or memory modules aren't installed correctly.

NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI)

The default networking protocol for early versions of Windows.

Which statement about Solid State Hybrid Drives (SSHDs) is accurate?

The disk caches the most frequently accessed bits to high-speed flash memory, which will change over time.

Socket

The electrical interface between the CPU and the motherboard. LGA (Land Grid Array) No pins on motherboard PGA (Pin Grid Array) - Pins on motherboard

CompTIA A+ certification

The first half of the CompTIA A+ certification for computer technicians. The 901 exam focuses primarily on understanding terminology and technology, how to do fundamental tasks such as upgrading RAM, and basic network and mobile device support.

A page comes out of a laser printer and the toner smudges when you touch it. What is the problem?

The fuser is not hot enough.

ExpressCard

The high-performance serial version of the PC Card that replaced PC Card slots on laptop PCs over the past decade. ExpressCard comes in two widths: 34 mm and 54 mm, called ExpressCard/34 and ExpressCard/54.

What special feature of Wi-Fi Protected Access version 2 (WPA2) improves upon Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?

The inclusion of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP)

Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE)

The installation program for Windows.

What is the major difference between single-rail and dual-rail PSUs?

The internal circuits of a dual-rail PSU are separated based on different power output.

Mini-ITX

The largest and the most popular of the three ITX form factors. At a miniscule 6.7 by 6.7 inches, Mini-ITX competes with microATX and proprietary small form factor (SFF) motherboards.

Charms bar

The location in Windows 8 and 8.1 of the charms tools. Accessed by moving the cursor to the upper-right corner of the screen.

Mini Secure Digital (MiniSD)

The medium-sized form factor of the SD flash memory standard.

110 block

The most common connections used with structured cabling, connecting horizontal cable runs with patch panels

What component regulates the level of voltage that the central processing unit (CPU) and Random Access Memory (RAM) receive?

The motherboard

The move command in Linux and Mac OS X.

On a wireless access point, what does the Service Set Identifier (SSID) refer to?

The name of the device

SATA Express (SATAe)

The newest version of SATA that ties capable drives directly into the PCI Express bus on motherboards. Each lane of PCIe 3.0 is capable of handling up to 8 Gbps data throughput. A SATAe drive grabbing two lanes, therefore, could move a whopping 16 Gbps through the bus.

RAID 10

The opposite of RAID 0+1, two mirrored RAID 0 configurations. Also provides both speed and redundancy, and also requires four disks.

Metro UI

The original name for the Windows 8 user interface. Due to legal concerns, it was rebranded the "Modern UI."

What mechanism do impact printers use to move the paper along?

The paper is either tractor-fed or friction-fed, depending on the paper used.

%SystemRoot%

The path where the operating system is installed. (variable in windows OS)

touch interface

The primary user interface on modern mobile devices where keys are replaced with tactile interaction.

sync

The process of keeping files on mobile devices up to date with the versions on desktop computers or over the Internet.

syntax

The proper way to write a command-line command so that it functions and does what it's supposed to do.

"Dual Rail" PSU

The purpose of this is to separate and limit the current through each wire to avoid overheating.

What specs should a Thick Client have?

The recommended Windows requirements

How do light-emitting diode (LED) backlights compare to cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlights?

They are lighter, cheaper, brighter, and have a longer lifespan.

You find a great deal for a new high definition home theater receiver and decide it's time to upgrade. Before you checkout, you decide to check the connections on your other devices to ensure everything is compatible. On the back of your Blu-ray player you notice several different connectors. There are round connectors, one red, one white, and small connector that appears to have a light emitting from it. What are these connectors used for?

The red and white round connectors called composite connectors are used for analog audio. The connector with the light emitting is called an optical cable and is used for HD digital audio.

CompTIA A+ 220-902

The second half of the CompTIA A+ certification for computer technicians. The 902 exam focuses primarily on software, security, and troubleshooting

processing

The second step of the computing process, where the CPU completes the tasks that the user's input has given it.

What is the major limitation of the 802.11a standard?

The signal range

Micro Secure Digital (MicroSD)

The smallest form factor of the SD flash memory standard. Often used in mobile devices.

When parity is used, what happens when parity bit values of two data strings do no match?

The system discards the data and re-attempts the transmission.

Your PC displays the message "Non System Disk or Disk Error:. Which of the following will produce this result?

The systems files were not transferred over to the hard drive.

digitizer

The touchscreen overlay technology that converts finger and stylus contact into input data for the device to use.

U (Units)

The unique height measurement used with equipment racks; 1 U equals 1.75 inches.

electric potential

The voltage differential between any two objects, one of which is frequently ground or earth, resulting in a degree of attraction for the electrons to move from one of the objects to the other. A large difference between a person and a doorknob, for example, can lead to a shocking experience when the two touch.

topology

The way computers connect to each other in a network.

The link light on a NIC will light when which of the following happens?

The wire connecting it to the network is plugged in

How many bits make up an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address, respectively?

There are 32 bits in an IPv4 address and 128 bits in an IPv6 address.

External drives present support personnel with their own support issues. Identify the probable cause of a user's external Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive not being recognized by the computer.

There is a damaged or malfunctioning USB port

In what way does Dynamic Network Address Translation (DNAT) differ from static NAT?

There is not a one-to-one ratio of internal to external addresses.

In Device Manager, how can you tell that an expansion card has been installed, but that there is a problem with the hardware or drivers?

There will be a yellow exclamation mark associated with that hardware.

Motherboards

They connect everything. Typical for factors include ATX (most common). Micro ATX, and ITX. Types of expansion buses include PCI Express (PCIe) and PCI. Intel chipsets connect to the CPU VIA DMI or QPI. AMD CPU-to chipset connection is Hypertransport.

What term is used to describe a computer that performs most or all computing functions on its own and runs applications that are installed locally?

Thick Client

transfer corona

Thin wire, usually protected by other thin wires, that applies a positive charge to the paper during the laser printing process, drawing the negatively charged toner particles off of the drum and onto the paper. Newer printers accomplish the same feat using a transfer roller that draws the toner onto the paper.

Ultrabook

Thin, powerful laptop powered by Intel processors and built according to the Intel design specification. Competes directly with the Apple Mac Air.

Level 3 (L3) cache

Third RAM cache accessed by the CPU. Much larger and slower than the L1 and L2 caches, and accessed only if the requested program/data is not in the L2 cache.

Which type of hardware interface supports connecting a wide variety of peripheral devices to personal computers (PCs) and has cabling available in both optical fiber and copper wire?

Thunderbolt

You need to support several Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort peripherals on a computer. Which expansion card is the best choice?

Thunderbolt card

MBR (master boot record)

Tiny bit of code that takes control of the boot process from the system BIOS.

microdrive

Tiny hard drives using the CompactFlash form factor. (See also CompactFlash (CF).)

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