Talk With Your Doc Unit 3 Test - Biomed
previous history
Includes information about any past health issues, procedures, medications, vaccinations, and previous hospital stays.
physical signs
Pieces of evidence that indicate an illness that can be observed externally, such as a rash, coughing, or elevated temperature.
effective conversations
- establish rapport, or a sympathetic and positive relationship, and keep the conversation friendly. - Sit across from your patient and make eye contact. Be ready to take brief, concise notes, but avoid looking down at your notes while you ask questions or while listening to the patient's answers. - Take your questions one step at a time, and truly listen to the patient. Pay attention to their facial expressions and gestures and take note of any that seem significant, - Be respectful and open minded. Do not make any prejudgments or assumptions about the patient.
Respiratory rate
1 inhale & 1 exhale
steps to find blood pressure manually
1. Find brachial artery (palpate) found in the crease of arm. 2. make sure cuff arrow is a which side the artery is. 3. put cuff 2 inches above the bend of the arm 4. estimate systolic pressure, palpate the brachial artery and inflate cuff until you cannot feel brachial army. 5. while doing tis, look at he gauge to know the estimated systolic pressure number. 6. when going to take blood pressure, inflate cuff to 30 mmHg more than estimated number, to avoid missing auscultate gap that can occur in some patients. (usually patients with blood pressure).
Respiratory rate normal range
12-20 breaths per minute
Heart rate normal range
60-100 bpm
Oxygen Saturation normal range
95-99%
Temperature normal range
97.8- 99 degrees F
medical history
A record of information about a patient's past and current health. Includes information about the patient's habits, lifestyle, and even the health of their family.
social history
Addresses aspects of the patient's life, such as living situation, occupation, school, travel, and other activities that could have a direct or indirect impact on health.
chief complaint
The patient's description of what they feel is their main health problem.
blood pressure
The pressure that blood exerts upon the walls of blood vessels (arteries) due to the contracting of the ventricles (Systolic) and the relaxing of the ventricles (Diastolic)
Systolic pressure
The the first sounds heard when taking a blood pressure reading is called the:
It is recommended that:
Your total cholesterol be less than 200, LDL less than 100 and HDL more than 60
ABCDE
asymmetry- one half doesn't match the other, border- uneven borders, color- variety of colors (brown, tan black), diameter- grows larger than the size of a pencil eraser. , evolving- change in size, shape, color, elevation, another trait, or new symptom
CBC
complete blood count, White Blood Cells (WBC)• fight infection & injury• Red Blood Cells (RBC)• transport oxygen• Hemoglobin (HB/Hgb)• Oxygen carrying protein the blood• Hematocrit (HCT)• proportion (ratio) of red blood : plasma• Platelets• helps to clot blood
Having high glucose levels is an indication of
diabetes
Palpate
examine (a part of the body) by touch, especially for medical purposes. to check for swollen lymph nodes which indicate infection . to determine if any irregularities, bumps or lumps exist
Ophthalmoscope
eyes
A healthy individual would prefer to have blood cholesterol levels with lower HDL and higher LDL levels.
false
Temporal temp
forehead scanner with thermometer
stethoscope
is used to listen to internal sounds (heart & lungs) helps to determine blood pressure
Lymph nodes, uvula, tonsils
look at the nose for redness, inflammation, or irregularities• look at and palpate the neck for swollen lymph nodes. ook at tonsils and uvula for redness, white patches, swollen or other irregularities
temperature
measurement of how hot or cold the body is.
Sphygmomanometer
measures blood pressure Also needs cuff and Stethoscope
Height to inches
multiply ft by 12, and keep inches. Ex: 5 x12= 60, 8-- 68inches
Vital signs
often referred to simply as "vitals"—are measurements of some of the body's basic functions.
carotid artery
on side of neck, good place to measure heart rate
Which of the following can increase the pulse rate?
pain
Venipuncture
punctures the vein with a needle, this can include vein puncture for the purposes of: blood draw / collection IV medications
A patient is told that they need to pay close attention to their diet and daily activities since their blood lipid results were unhealthy and put them at an increases risk for high blood pressure and atherosclerosis. Select all of the GOOD choices for this patient to help improve their blood lipid levels
replace red meats with smaller portions of fish Answer, increase exercise Answer, decrease foods like fried foods, red meats, and highly processed foods
Height / weight
scale - measures weight. wall mounted ruler- measures height.
Select all of the common ways in which a patient may have their body temperature taken
temporal (forehead), under armpit, rectal (butt), oral (mouth), tympanic (ear)
Which of the following would be a concern when observing a skin mole? (select ALL that apply)
the boarders are uneven, The diameter of the mole is larger than the pencil eraser
medical history
the conversation held with a patient to record a medical history—with your first patient of the day.
diagnosis
the identification of a patient's disease or injury.
respiratory rate
the number of breaths a person takes per minute.
heart rate - pulse
the number of heartbeats per unit of time
Phelebotomist
the person trained to do blood draws
phlebotomy
the process of taking blood from a vein (usually the median cubital vein also called antecubital)
A physical exam of the eye can be normal for a person with poor visual acuity.
true
Pulse oximeter
used to determine oxygen saturation
otoscope
used to examine the ears, nose, and throat
Thermometer
used to measure how hot or cold the body is
BMI calculation formula
weight(lb)/(height (in))^2 x 703
SpO2
what point is it critically dangerous? (less than 90%)
Tympanic temp
ear scanner with thermometer
diastolic pressure
last sound of the pulse
Physical exam includes
• taking vital signs *discussed last class• looking (at the eyes, ears, nose & throat, skin)• listening (heart & lungs)• touching or palpating parts of the body, • and completing small tests to evaluate function.
symptoms
Any subjective evidence of disease a patient perceives, such as aches, nausea, or fatigue. Symptoms allow the health care provider to narrow down the possible conditions that may be affecting the patient and then run tests to make a diagnosis.
Tact
Discretion and sensitivity in dealing with others. A doctor might exhibit tact when they choose their words carefully so as to not upset a patient when they must deliver bad news.
Most ear infections are a primary infections cause by bacteria.
False, they're cause by viral infections (flu) respiratory.
When checking a patients heart and lung sounds, the doctor must keep the stethoscope still and in one position to get the most accurate reading.
False, we must move it around for it to be accurate.
visual acuity
First number: Distance (in feet) that you stand from the chart. Second number: Distance (in feet) at which a person with normal eyesight could read the same line you read correctly .For example, if you can accurately read the letters in line 6 of the chart, but have trouble when you get to line 7, your recorded visual acuity would be 20/30.
BMP (Basic Metabolic Panel)
Glucose- a simple sugar used for energy• high levels in the body can indicate diabetes BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) & Creatine- • waste products removed from the blood by the kidneys• this will help to determine kidney function. Electrolytes- • include Na, Ca, K and Cl ions• help to maintain water homeostasis and transport nutrients across cell membranes• required for proper muscle & nerve functions (vital for brain & heart)• found in blood, urine and other tissues. Metabolism- it needs proper nutrients AND to be able to remove waste properly• testing for certain substances can provide information about how well the body is functioning
Lipid panel (cholesterol)
HDL- move extra cholesterol from blood, you want these, are good. LDL- bring cholesterol to cells that need it, can lead to plaque build up in the arteries, you also want LDL.
Physical signs and subjective symtoms
Listening to a patient means paying attention to more than just the words that are spoken. A patient may not know how to verbalize or explain what is going on with their health, or they may be too shy or embarrassed to directly state their issue, but they may provide subtle cues—either verbal or physical—that help paint a picture of their overall health and well-being. If something is amiss, these clues may also help point toward a diagnosis.
What can blood tests tell us?
Organ functions: ~ To determine how well organs are working:• kidneys, liver, thyroid, heart...• Diagnose diseases & disorders • Cancer• HIV/AIDS, anemia, • Determine risk factors for diseases like heart disease• Check medications are working. CBC, Lipid panel and cholesterol, and bmp.
demeanor
Outward behavior or bearing. A doctor might have a cheerful, peaceful, or friendly demeanor and put the patient at ease, while a doctor with an arrogant or dismissive demeanor might lose a patient's trust.
current history
Patient's chief complaint and any other current health issues, symptoms, and any treatments or tests the patient has recently had or is scheduled to have related to these conditions. Nutrition, allergies, medication, and health habits, such as exercise are also part of the patient's current history.
The Nurse Assistant enters Mr. S's room to take his oral temperature and observes that he is drinking a glass of ice water. The Nurse Assistant should:
Request that the patient not eat or drink anything else for 15 minutes and then return to take his temperature
Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) normal ranges
Systolic- less than 120 Diastolic- less than 80. (120/80)
empathy
The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.
Medical Laboratory Technician (MT's)
The blood sample then gets sent to the lab to have tests run on it by them. Run test on body fluids, cell culture and biopsies, maintain the equipment, provide reports to physicians and for research Can be come very specialized: Microbiology, Immunology, Blood banks, Clinical chemistry, Cytotechnologist
The physical exam portion of a doctors visit can vary slightly depending on which factors? (Select all that apply)
Type of physician / doctor you are seeing Answer, Pre-existing health conditions Answer, Age
How does homeostasis relate to vital signs
Vital signs are signals of the body's ability to maintain homeostasis—the way the body sustains a stable internal environment—and provide information about the physiological health of an individual.
During the meeting with the patient, you discuss ways to improve overall health. The patient tells you that they have tried every diet that exists, but non have worked over a long term. Which questions are most appropriate for you to ask the patient?
What diets have you tried in the past?, What do you think makes it hard for you to lose weight?, Have any diets you have been on worked better than others?
BMI (body mass index)
a measure of body weight relative to height
Physical exam can vary due to the patients
age, gender, previous, medical history, and other unique factors related to medical practice.
oxygen saturation
amount of oxygen that's in your bloodstream
family history
any significant illnesses that run in the patient's family. For example, an inherited health condition.
chronic conditions (serious)
are conditions characterized by a slow progression of seriousness over a duration of time longer than three months, but they could persist over the rest of a person's life.
acute conditions
are those with a sudden onset and a short duration. Though they can be sudden and severe, they respond to treatment and the patient is able to heal and recover.
radial artery
artery on wrist, lined with thumb, good place to measure heart rate as well
