Taylor:Fluid & Electrolytes

A client has been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal bleed and the health care provider has ordered a transfusion. At what rate should the nurse administer the client's packed red blood cells?

1 unit over 2 to 3 hours, no longer than 4 hours

A client has been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal bleed and the health care provider has ordered a transfusion. At what rate should the nurse administer the client's packed red blood cells? As fast as the client can tolerate

1 unit over 2 to 3 hours, no longer than 4 hours

The nurse is administering 1,000 mL 0.9 normal saline over 10 hours (set delivers 60 gtt/1 mL). Using the formula below, the flow rate would be: gtt/min = milliliters per hour x drop factor (gtt/mL) ÷ 60 min/hr

100 gtt/min

A physician orders an infusion of 250 mL of NS in 100 minutes. The set is 20 gtt/ml What is the flow rate?

50 gtt/min

A physician has asked the nurse to use microdrip tubing to administer a prescribed dosage of IV solution to a client. What is the standard drop factor of microdrip tubing?

60 drops/mL

A health care provider orders a bolus infusion of 250 mL of normal saline to run over 1 hour. The set delivers 20 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in gtt/min?

83 gtt/min

A home care nurse is teaching a client and family about the importance of a balanced diet. The nurse determines that the education was successful when the client identifies which of the following as a rich source of potassium?

Apricots

A home care nurse is visiting a client with renal failure who is on fluid restriction. The client tells the nurse, "I get thirsty very often. What might help?" What would the nurse include as a suggestion for this client?

Avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids.

The nurse is caring for a male client who has a diagnosis of heart failure. Today's laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3,2 mmol/L). For what complications should the nurse be aware, related to the potassium level?

Cardiac dysrhythmias

A registered nurse is overseeing the care of numerous clients on a busy acute medicine unit. Which task would be most safe to delegate to a licensed practical nurse (LPN)?

Changing the dressing on a client's peripheral IV site

Which is a common anion?

Chloride

A nurse inspecting a client's IV site notices redness and swelling at the site. What would be the most appropriate nursing intervention for this situation?

Discontinue the IV and relocate it to another site.

The nurse is assuming care for a client who is receiving an infusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). The PRBCs were hung 4 hours ago, and 100 mL is left to infuse. Which action is most appropriate?

Discontinue the infusion and record the volume left in the blood bag.

A client is receiving a peripheral IV infusion and the electronic pump is alarming frequently due to occluded flow. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?

Flush the IV with 3 mL of normal saline.

A nurse is assessing a client after surgery and obtains the client's vital signs: pulse rate is 65 bpm, blood pressure is 122/76 mm Hg in the supine position. The nurse then obtains the client's vital signs on standing. Which finding would alert the nurse to the possibility of a an ECF volume deficit? Select all that apply.

Pulse rate 90 bpm, Blood pressure 104/68 mm Hg

The nurse is responding to a client's call light. The client states, "I was getting out of bed and caught my IV on the siderail. I think I may have pulled it out." The nurse determines that the intravenous (IV) catheter has been almost completely pulled out of the insertion site. Which action is most appropriate?

Remove the IV catheter and reinsert another in a different location.

When caring for a client who is on intravenous therapy, the nurse observes that the client has developed redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein. Which intervention should the nurse perform for this complication?

Restart infusion in another vein and apply a warm compress.

Which statement most accurately describes the process of osmosis?

Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. .

The nurse is teaching a nursing student how to record strict I&O for a client who wears adult absorbent undergarments. Which nursing teaching is appropriate?

Weigh the wet undergarment, subtract the weight of a similar dry item, and fluid loss is based on the equivalent of 1 lb (0.47 kg) = 1 pint (475 mL)."

How is control over the extracellular concentration of potassium within the human body is exerted?

aldosterone.

Potassium is needed for neural, muscle, and:

cardiac function

A client who is NPO prior to surgery reports feeling thirsty. What is the physiologic process that drives the thirst factor?

decreased blood volume and intracellular dehydration

A client loses consciousness after strenuous exercise and needs to be admitted to a health care facility. The client is diagnosed with dehydration. The nurse knows that the client needs restoration of:

electrolytes.

A nurse is reviewing the client's serum electrolyte levels which are as follows:Sodium: 138 mEq/L (138 mmol/L)Potassium: 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol/L)Calcium: 10.0 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L)Magnesium: 2.0 mEq/L (1.0 mmol/L)Chloride: 100 mEq/L (100 mmol/L)Phosphate: 4.5 mg/dL (2.6 mEq/L)Based on these levels, the nurse would identify which imbalance?

hypokalemia

Endurance athletes who exercise for long periods of time and consume only water may experience a sodium deficit in their extracellular fluid. This electrolyte imbalance is known as:

hyponatremia.

A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of

renin

The nurse is calculating an infusion rate for the following order: Infuse 1,000 mL of 0.9% NaCl over 12 hours using an electronic infusion device. What is the infusion rate?

83 mL/hr

The primary extracellular electrolytes are:

sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.