Terminology 110

The term ____________________ means originating within another.

allogenic

The ____________________ attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

mesentery

The ____________________ plane is also known as the midline.

midsagittal

A/An ____________________ is a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.

myeloma

A/An ____________________ is the protrusion of a muscle through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

myocele

The quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles is known as ____________________.

myoclonus

The surgical suturing of a muscle is known as ____________________.

myorrhaphy

The medical term ____________________ means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle.

neuromuscular

The term ____________________ means slanted or at an angle.

oblique

A/An ____________________ is the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.

synovectomy

The surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to the bone is known as ____________________.

tenodesis

The medical term meaning the release of a tendon from adhesions is ____________________.

tenolysis

The surgical suturing of a divided tendon is known as a/an ____________________.

tenorrhaphy

Match the correct term to the correct definition. 9

*-ia* abnormal condition *-ic* pertaining to *kinesi/o* movement *my/o* muscle *-plegia* paralysis

Match the correct term to the correct definition. 1

*-ology* study of *path/o* disease, suffering, emotion *plasia* formation *poster/o* back *-stasis* control

Match the correct term to the correct definition. 20

*-rrhexis* rupture *tax/o* coordination *ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o* tendon *ton/o* tone, tension, stretching *tri-* three

Match the correct term to the correct definition. 10

*aden/o* gland *adip/o* fat *anter/o* front *caud/o* lower part of body *cephal/o* head

Match the correct term to the correct definition. 7

*adhesion* band of fibrous tissue *atonic* lack of normal muscle tone *atrophy* muscle weakness from lack of use *fasciitis* inflammation of the fascia *myolysis* degeneration of muscle tone

Match the correct term to the correct definition. 2

*anterior* situated in the fornt *distal* farthest from the midline *dorsal* back of the body or organ *medial* nearer the midline *posterior* situated in the back

Match the correct term to the correct definition. 11

*endemic* ongoing presence of a disease within a population *epidemic* sudden outbreak of a disease *etiology* study of the causes of diseases *histology* study of tissues *pandemic* outbreak of a disease over a large area

Match the correct term to the correct definition. 5

*oste/o* bone *scoli/o* curved *spondyl/o* vertebra, vertebrae *synovi/o, synov/o* synovial joint *burs/o* bursa

Match each definition with the correct word part.

-desis: to bind, tie together kyph/o: ​hump lord/o: curve, swayback​ -lysis: ​setting free, loosening myel/o: ​spinal cord, bone marrow

Match each definition with the correct term.

ABDUCTION: limb movement away from the midline ADDUCTION: ​limb movement toward the midline CIRCUMDUCTION: circular movement at the far end of a limb DORSIFLEXION: bending the foot upward at the ankle​ PRONATION: ​rotating the palm of the hand downward

Match each definition with the correct term.

ACETABULUM: hip socket MALLEOLUS: ​rounded, bony projection on the sides of each ankle joint MANUBRIUM: ​bone that forms the upper portion of the sternum METACARPALS: ​bones that form the palms of the hand METATARSALS: ​bones that form part of the foot

Match each definition with the correct term.

ANAPLASIA: change in cell structure and orientation ANATOMY: study of body structures ANOMALY: deviation from what is regarded as normal APLASIA: ​defective development of an organ or tissue DYSPLASIA: abnormal development of cells, tissues, or organs​

Match each definition with the appropriate condition.

BRADYKINESIA: extreme slowness in movement DYSKINESIA: distortion of voluntary movement DYSTONIA: ​condition of abnormal muscle tone HYPERKINESIA: abnormally increased motor function or activity TRANSVERSE: crosswise direction

Match each definition with the appropriate type of fracture.

COMMINUTED FRACTURE: broken bone that is splintered or crushed COMPRESSION FRACTURE: ​broken bone that is pressed OPEN FRACTURE: ​broken bone and an open wound OSTEOCLASIS: ​surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE: bone breaks due to weakness caused by a disease process​

____________________ syndrome occurs when the tendons of the wrist become inflamed and swollen.

Carpal tunnel

____________________ syndrome is a debilitating disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest.

Chronic fatigue

____________________ is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

Crepitation

____________________ is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

Electromyography

____________________ is a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; muscle, joint, or bone pain; and other symptoms.

Fibromyalgia

Match each definition with the appropriate condition or disease.

Genetic disorder​: pathologic condition caused by an absent or defective gene iatrogenic illness: unfavorable response arising from a medical treatment Idiopathic disorder: illness without known cause Infectious disease: illness caused by pathogenic organisms Nosocomial infection​: disease acquired in a hospital or clinic​

Match each definition with the appropriate condition.

HEMIPARESIS: slight paralysis of one side of the body HEMIPLEGIA: total paralysis of one side of the body MYOPARESIS: ​slight paralysis of a muscle PARAPLEGIA: paralysis of both legs and lower body QUADRIPLEGIA: paralysis of all four extremities

Match each definition with the correct term.

KYPHOSIS: ​abnormal outward curvature of the thoracic spine LORDOSIS: ​abnormal forward curvature of the lumbar spine LUMBAGO: ​pain in the lumbar region of the spine SCOLIOSIS: ​abnormal lateral curvature of the spine SUBLUXATION: ​partial displacement of a bone from its joint

____________________ causes muscle weakness and degeneration without affecting the nervous system.

Muscular dystrophy

____________________ is a chronic autoimmune disease that produces serious weakness of the voluntary muscles.

Myasthenia gravis

____________________ release is a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia.

Myofascial

____________________ is the form of arthritis most commonly associated with aging.

Osteoarthritis

____________________ is the condition of thinner-than-average bone density.

Osteopenia

____________________ is an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs.

Polymyalgia rheumatica

____________________ is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.

Rheumatoid arthritis

____________________ is a deficiency disease in children characterized by defective bone growth.

Rickets

____________________ is the forward slipping movement of a lower lumbar vertebra on the vertebra or sacrum below it.

Spondylolisthesis

____________________ is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

Torticollis

Paget's disease is a bone disorder of unknown cause that is characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation. T/F

True

____________________ transmission is the spread of certain disease due to the bite of an insect or animal.

Vector-borne

The ____________________ contains primarily the major organs of digestion.

abdominal cavity

A/An ____________________ is the surgical removal of a gland.

adenectomy

A/An ____________________ is a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.

adenocarcinoma

A/An ____________________ is a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.

adenoma

A/an ____________________ is a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.

adenoma

The medical term for the abnormal softening of a gland is ____________________.

adenomalacia

The medical term ____________________ means the abnormal hardening of a gland.

adenosclerosis

Match each definition with the correct word part.

ankyl/o: crooked, bent, or stiff arthr/o: ​joint chondr/o: ​cartilage cost/o: ​rib crani/o: ​skull

The form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae is known as ____________________.

ankylosing spondylitis

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint is known as ____________________.

arthroscopy

The term ____________________ means the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

ataxia

The term ____________________ means originating within an individual.

autologous

The death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply is known as ____________________.

avascular necrosis

Spina ____________________ is a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.

bifida

____________________ transmission is the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that have been contaminated with blood.

blood borne

The medical term ____________________ describes the abnormal softening of cartilage.

chondromalacia

A/An ____________________ is the genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell.

chromosome

Intermittent ____________________ is pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise due to poor circulation and is relieved by rest.

claudication

A/An ____________________ disease is transmitted from one person to another by either direct or indirect contact.

communicable

A/An ____________________ disorder is an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.

congenital

A/An ____________________ develops when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.

contracture

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum is known as ____________________.

costochondritis

Malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures is known as ____________________.

craniostenosis

Match each definition with the correct word part.

cyt/o: cell endo- : ​within exo- : ​out of hist/o: ​tissue ​-ologist: specialist

____________________ is the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.

cytoplasm

Hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream by ____________________ glands.

endocrine

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow is known as ____________________.

epicondylitis

The ____________________ region is located above the stomach.

epigastric

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment is known as ____________________.

ergonomics

Sweat glands are ____________________ glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts.

exocrine

Plantar ____________________ is an inflammation of the plantar fascia.

fasciitis

A/An ____________________ disorder produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.

functional

A/An ____________________ cyst is a harmless, fluid-filled swelling that occurs on the outer surface of the wrist.

ganglion

A/An ____________________ is a physician who specializes in the care of older people.

geriatrician

A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints is known as ____________________.

gout

A/An ____________________ is commonly known as a bunion.

hallux valgus

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone is known as a/an ____________________.

heel spur

The condition of blood within a joint is known as ____________________.

hemarthrosis

____________________ is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.

hemophilia

The term ____________________ means pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

hemopoietic

The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it is known as a ____________________.

hernia

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment is known as ____________________.

homeostasis

The term ____________________ describes the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.

hyperplasia

____________________ is a general increase in the bulk of a body part due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells.

hypertrophy

The ____________________ region of the abdomen is located below the stomach.

hypogastric

The incomplete development of an organ due to a deficiency in the number of cells is known as ____________________.

hypoplasia

The term ____________________ means diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

hypotonia

____________________ syndrome occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones of the shoulder joint.

impingement

The term ____________________ means lowermost, below, or toward the feet.

inferior

The term ____________________ means relating to the groin.

inguinal

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon is known as the ____________________.

insertion

A fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place is known as ____________________.

internal fixation

A/An ____________________ is the surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra.

laminectomy

The ____________________ is where the muscle begins, and is located nearest the midline of the body, or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

origin

A/An ____________________ surgeon is also known as an orthopedist.

orthopedic

A/An ____________________ is an appliance such as a leg brace that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

orthotic

A/an ____________________ is an appliance such as a leg brace that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

orthotic

Match each definition with the correct word part.

oset/o: bone scoli/o: ​curved spondyl/o: ​vertebra, vertebrae synovi/o, synov/o: ​synovial membrane burs/o: ​bursa

A/An ____________________ is a benign bony projection covered with cartilage.

osteochondroma

A/an ____________________ is a benign only projection covered with cartilage.

osteochondroma

The condition known as ____________________ is an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

osteomyelitis

A/An ____________________ hip fracture is caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis.

osteoporotic

The term ____________________ describes the surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.

osteorrhaphy

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle is known as ____________________.

paralysis

the ____________________ cavity is the space formed by the hip bones.

pelvic

An inflammation of the periosteum is known as ____________________.

periostitis

The ____________________ holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.

peritoneum

The medical term ____________________ means inflammation of the peritoneum.

peritonitis

Commonly known as PKU, ____________________ is a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing.

phenylketonuria

A/An ____________________ is a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

physiatrist

An exercise ____________________ develops, implements, and coordinates exercise programs to promote physical fitness.

physiologist

The study of the functions of body structures is known as ____________________.

physiology

A/An ____________________ is a specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the foot.

podiatrist

The disease characterized by inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body is known as ____________________.

polymyositis

An artificial leg is a type of ____________________.

prosthesis

The term ____________________ means situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.

proximal

The term ____________________ means located behind the peritoneum.

retroperitoneal

Juvenile ____________________ arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that affects children with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

rheumatoid

The age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass in older adults is known as ____________________.

sarcopenia

A/An ____________________ is a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the shin bone.

shin splint

The medical term for the condition commonly known as hiccups is ____________________.

singultus

A/An ____________________ is a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

sphincter

A/An ____________________ fracture is a break in which the bone has been twisted apart.

spiral

The condition known as ____________________ is a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.

spondylosis

A/An ____________________ is an injury to a joint that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament.

sprain

____________________ are unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.

stem cells

The term ____________________ means uppermost, above, or toward the head.

superior

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon is known as ____________________.

tenosynovitis

A surgical incision into a tendon is known as ____________________.

tenotomy

The ____________________ cavity protects the heart and the lungs.

thoracic

A/An ____________________ plane divides the entire body into upper and lower portions.

transverse

The ____________________ is the pit that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

umbilicus

The term ____________________ refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.

ventral

The ____________________ are the bony structure units of the spinal column.

vertebrae

A percutaneous ____________________ is a minimally invasive procedure that is performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine.

vertebroplasty

Match each definition with the correct word part.

​bi-: ​two -cele: ​hernia dys-: bad​ fasci/o: ​fascia fibr/o: ​fibrous connective tissue