Test 1 Computer Forensics

Affidavit

A sworn statement of support of facts about or evidence of a crime, submitted to a judge with the request for a search warrant before seizing evidence.

repeatable findings

Being able to obtain the same results every time from a computer forensics examination.

Industrial Espionage, Embezzlement, and Murder

Criminal acts in private sectors involve acts such as:

innocent information

Data that doesn't contribute to evidence of a crime or violation.

anything that might be of interest

Describe what should be videotaped or sketched at a computer crime scene.

Risk Management

Determining how much risk is acceptable for any process or operation.

Browsing open applications

If a suspect computer is running windows 2000, which of the following can you perform safely? a. browsing open applications b. disconnecting power c. Either of the above d. none of the above

False

If a visitor to your computer forensics lab is a personal friend, it is not necessary to have him or her sign the visitor's log, true or false?

bit-stream

If decontamination of a crime scene might destroy electronic evidence, a HAZMAT specialist or an investigator in HAZMAT gear should make a(n) _________ image copy of a suspect's hard disk.

True

If you discover a criminal act, such as murder or child pornography, while investigation a corporate policy abuse, the case becomes a criminal investigation and should be referred to law enforcement. True or false?

Still being debated

Laws and procedures for PDAs are which of the following? a. well established b. still being debated c. on the law books d. none of the above

Covert Surveillance

Observing people or places without being detected, often using electronic equipment, such as video cameras or key stroke/screen capture programs.

AFF

Open source data acquisition format.

Fourth Amendment

Police in the United States must use procedures that adhere to which of the following?

d

Policies can address rules for which of the following? Answer a b c or d a. when you can log on to a company network from home b. the internet sites you can or cannot access c. the amount of personal email you can send d. any of the above

lossless

Popular archiving tools, such as PKZip and WinZip, use an algorithm referred to as ________ compression.

Government Agencies

Private-sector organizations include business and ________ that aren't involved in law enforcement.

Criminal Law

Statutes applicable to a jurisdiction that state offenses against the peace and dignity of the jurisdiction and the elements that define these offenses.

False

The chief custodian of evidence storage containers should keep several master keys, true or false?

image file

The data a computer forensics tool collects is stored as a __________

Affidavit

The document, given under penalty of perjury, that investigators create to detail their findings. This document is often used to justify issuing a warrant or to deal with abuse in a corporation.

Bit-Stream Image

The file containing the bit-stream copy of all data on a disk or disk partition.

bit-stream image

The file where the bit-stream copy is stored; usually referred to as an "image," "image save," or "image file."

Preserve the evidence

The first rule for all investigations.

Preserve the original evidence

The first rule of computer forensics

2, 1

The ideal configuration for multiple work stations is to have ____ forensic workstations plus ____ non-forensic workstation with Internet Access.

MS-Dos 6.22

The least intrusive (in terms of changing data) Microsoft operating system.

c

The triad of computing security includes which of the following? Answer a b c or d a. Detection, response, and monitoring b. vulnerability assessment, detection, and monitoring c. vulnerability assessment, intrusion response, and investigation d. vulnerability assessment, intrusion response, and monitoring

live

There are two types of acquisitions: Static acquisitions and _________ acquisitions.

Attorney-Client Privilege

When conducting a computer forensic analysis under ______ rules for an attorney, you must keep all findings confidential.

Plain View Doctrine

When conducting a search and seizure, objects in plain view of a law enforcement officer, who has the right to be in position to have that view, are subject to seizure without a warrant and can be introduced as evidence. As applied to executing searches of computers, the plain view doctrine's limitations are less clear.

True

When possible, you should make two copies of evidence, true or false?

md5sum and sha1sum

Which hashing algorithm utilities can be run from a linux shell prompt?

Data Sniffing, Keylogging

Which of the following techniques might be used in covert surveillance? (choose all that apply) a. keylogging b. data sniffing c. network logs d. none of the above

Attorney-Client

You should minimize written correspondence, make sure all written documentation and communication includes a label stating that it is privileged communications and confidential work product, and assisting the attorney and paralegal in analyzing data when working in an ___________ case.

HAZMAT

You should rely on this when dealing with terrorist attacks

Corporate environment

fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, espionage, and email harassment are all types of computer investigations typically conducted in the __________________.

acquisitions officer

providing a list of all components that were seized, noting whether the computer was running at the time it was taken into evidence, making notes of the state of the computer at the time it was acquired, noting the operating system if the computer is running, and photographing any open windows to document currently running programs are all jobs that a ________ is responsible for at a crime scene.

raw format

A data acquisition format that creates simple sequential flat files of a suspect drive or data set.

live acquisition

A data acquisition method used when a suspect computer can't be shut down to perform a static acquisition. Data is collected from the local computer or over a remote network connection. The captured data might be altered during the acquisition because it's not write-protected. ___________ aren't repeatable because data is continually being altered by the suspect computer's OS.

False

A forensic workstation should always have a direct broadband connection to the internet, true or false?

Self-Evaluation

An essential part of professional growth.

ASCLD/LAB

Certification program that regulates how crime labs are organized and managed.

IXimager

ILook imaging tool

NTFS

New Technology File System

evidence custody form

Case number, investigator and location evidence was obtained are all items that should be on a ___________.

Backup System

Central to a disaster recovery plan is:

intercept

Certain kinds of equipment can _________ EMR, which can be used to determine the data the device is transmitting or displaying.

Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)

Chemical, biological, or radiological substances that can cause harm to people.

Sparse Acquisition

Collects that of the Logical Acquisition, but also collects fragments of unallocated data.

attorney-client priviledge

Communication between an attorney and client about legal matters is protected as confidential communications. The purpose of having confidential communications is to promote honest and open dialogue between an attorney and client. This confidential information must not be shared with unauthorized people.

False

Computer forensic facilities always have windows, true or false.

false

Computer forensics and data recovery refer to the same thing, true or false

True

Computer peripherals or attachments can contain DNA evidence, true or false?

Computer Investigations

Conducting forensic analysis of systems suspected of containing evidence related to an incident or a crime.

commingled data

Confidential business data that might be included with the criminal evidence.

low-level investigations

Corporate cases that require less effort than a major criminal case.

a

Corporate investigations are typically easier than law enforcement for which of the following reasons? a. most companies keep inventory databases of all hardware and software used. b. the investigator does not have to get a warrant c. the investigator has to get a warrant. d. users can load whatever they want on their machines.

False

Data collected before an attorney issues a memorandum for an attorney client privilege case is protected under the confidential work product rule.

computer-generated records

Data generated by a computer, such as system log files or proxy server logs.

computer-stored records

Digital files generated by a person, such as electronic spreadsheets.

Private Sector

During this kind of investigation, you search for evidence to support allegations of abuse of a company's assets and, in some cases, criminal complaints.

False

EnCase, FTK, SMART, and iLook treat the image file as though it were the original disk, true or false?

digital evidence

Evidence consisting of information stored or transmitted in electronic form

write-protected

Evidence media should be _________ to ensure that is is not altered

Exculpatory

Evidence that might clear the suspect.

SafeBack

Example of a disk-to-disk copy maker tool.

WinZip

Example of a lossless compression tool.

FTK's Internet Keyword Search

Extracts all related e-mail address information for web-based e-mail investigations.

False

FTK imager can acquire data in a drive's host protected area, true or false?

AFIS

Fingerprints can be tested with these systems

the same

For daily work production, several examiners can work together in a large open area, as long as they all have ________ level of authority and access need.

True

For digital evidence, an evidence bag is typically made of antistatic material

RAID

For labs using high-end ______ severs, you must consider methods for restoring large data sets.

EnCase

Forensic tool developed by Guidance Software

False

HDHost is automatically encrypted when connected to another computer, true or false?

Evidence Custody Form

Helps to document what has and has not been done with the original evidence and forensic copies of the evidence.

certification

IACI, HTCN, EnCE, ACE are all popular ________ systems for computer forensics

Expectation of Privacy

If a company does not publish a policy stating that it reserves the right to inspect computing assets at will or display a warning banner, employees have a(n) ___________

True

If a company doesn't distribute a computing use policy stating an employer's right to inspect employees' computers freely, including e-mail and Web use, employees have an expectation of privacy. True or False?

Live Acquistion

If a computer has an encrypted drive, this type of acquisition is done.

a and c

If a suspect computer is located in an area that might have toxic chemicals, you must do which of the following (choose all that apply answer a b c and/or d) a. Coordinate with the HAZMAT team b. Determine a way to obtain the suspect computer c. Assume the suspect computer is contaminated. d. Do not enter alone.

authorized requester

In a corporate environment, the person who has the right to request an investigation, such as the chief security officer or chief intelligence officer.

Inculpatory

In criminal cases, the expression is "incriminating".

collision

In forensic hashes, a ___________ occurs when two files have the same hash value.

Case Critique

In order to improve your work, you need to do a __________ after the case is closed.

hash= , hashlog= , vf=

In the linux dcfldd command, which three options are used for validating data?

True

In the united states, if a company publishes a policy stating that it reserves the right to inspect computing assets at will, a corporate investigator can conduct covert surveillance on an employee with little cause, true or false?

Uniform Crime Report

Information collected at the federal, state, and local levels to determine the types and frequencies of crimes committed.

innocent information

Information unrelated to a computing investigation case.

Computer Forensics

Investigates data that can be retrieved from a computer's hard disk or other storage media.

Data Recovery

Involves recovering information from a computer that was deleted by mistake or lost during a power surge or server crash.

Industrial espionage

Involves selling sensitive or confidential company information to a competitor.

Data recovery

Is the more well known and lucrative side of the computer forensics business.

2

Large computer forensic labs should have at least _______ exits

2, 0

Large or regional computer forensic labs should have at least ___ controlled exits and ____ windows.

Search Warrant

Legal documents that allow law enforcement to search an office, a place of business, or other locale for evidence related to an alleged crime.

Sparse Acquisitions

Like logical acquisitions, this data acquisition method captures only specific files of interest to the case, but it also collects fragments of unallocated (deleted) data.

Live CDs

Linux ISO Images are referred to as

Computer Forensics

Linux ISO images are specifically designed for?

right to monitor

List an item that should appear on an internal warning banner.

CTIN (Computer Technology Investigators Network)

List one organization mentioned in the chapter that provides computer forensics training.

embezzlement, e-mail harassment, cyberstalking,

List the three common types of digital crime

TCP/IP, Serial RS232 Port

List the two types of connections in HDHost.

SHA-1, MD5

List two hashing algorithms commonly used for forensic purposes.

Single-Evidence Form

Lists each piece of evidence on a separate page

4-mm dat

Magnetic tapes that store about 4 GB of data, but like CD-Rs, are slow to read and write data.

Nonkeyed Hash Set

Most computer forensic hashing needs can be satisfied with a _____________________.

Computing Assets

Most computer investigations in the private sector involve misuse of ___________.

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Most electronic devices emit this

evidence bags

Nonstatic bags used to transport removable media, hard drives, and other computer components.

NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

One of the governing bodies responsible for setting standards for various U.S. industries.

IACIS (International Association of Computer Investigative Specialists)

One of the oldest professional computer forensic organizations created by police officers who wanted to formalize credentials in computing investigations.

HTCIA

Organization that exchanges information about techniques related to computer investigations and security.

business plan

Physical Security Items, How many machines are needed, what os's the lab commonly examines, why certain software is needed, and how the lab will benefit the company are all things that should be included in a _______________.

Commingled

Placing child pornography images in a subfolder where bicycle plans are stored is doing what to the data?

Data Acquisition

Process of copying data

Interrogation

Process of trying to get a suspect to confess to a specific incident or crime.

B

Putting out fires in a computer lab typically requires a ______ rated fire extinguisher

False

R-Studio and DiskExplorer are used primarily for computer forensics. True or false?

FireWire

Ruled by the IEEE 1394B standard

False

Small companies rarely need investigators true or false

password-cracking software

Software used to match the hash patterns of passwords or to simply guess passwords by using common combinations or standard algorithms.

Hardware Write-Blockers

Some of these are inserted between the disk controller and the hard disk, and others are connected to USB or FireWire ports.

Person of interest

Someone who might be a suspect or someone with additional knowledge that can provide enough evidence of probable cause for a search warrant or arrest.

Line of Authority

Specifies who has the legal right to initiate an investigation, who can take possession of evidence, and who can have access to evidence.

Guidance Software

Sponsors the EnCe certification program

MAN

Stands for Metropolitan Area network

Affidavit

Sworn statement of support of facts about or evidence of a crime that is submitted to a judge to request a search warrant before seizing evidence.

False

The ASCLD mandates the procedures established for a computer forensic lab, true or false?

Police Blotter

The _________ provides a record of clues to crimes that have been committed previously.

Fourth Amendment

The _________ to the U.S. Constitution (and each state's constitution) protects everyone's rights to be secure in their person, residence, and property from search and seizure.

ASCLD (American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors)

The __________ provides guidelines for managing a forensics lab and for acquiring official crime-lab certification.

magnetic tape

The advantage of using this type of backup system for forensic acquisitions if that there is no limit to the size of data that can be acquired.

MS-DOS 6.22

The least intrusive OS to disks in terms of changing data.

Litigation

The legal process of proving guilt or innocence in court

d

The manager of a computer forensic lab is responsible for which of the following? Answer a b c or d a. necessary changes in lab procedures and software b. ensuring that staff members have sufficient training to do the job. c. knowing the lab objectives d. All of the above

password protected

The method of requiring a password to limit access to certain files and areas of storage media; this method prevents unintentional or unauthorized use.

confidentiality

The most important point to remember when assigned to work on an attorney-client privilege case is?

True

The national cybercrime training partnership is available only to law enforcement true or false

Line of Authority

The order in which people or positions are notified of a problem; these people or positions have the legal right to initiate an investigation, take possession of evidence and have access to evidence.

False

The plain view doctrine in computer searches is well-established law. True or false.

Static Acquisition

The primary goal of __________ is to preserve digital evidence.

Computer Forensics

The process of applying scientific methods to collect and analyze data and information that can be used as evidence.

risk management

The process of determining how much risk is acceptable for any process or operation, such as replacing equipment.

configuration management

The process of keeping track of all upgrades and patches you apply to your computer's OS and applications.

Interrogation

The process of trying to get a suspect to confess to a specific incident or crime.

ProDiscover

The program _______ provides 256-bit AES or Twofish encryption with GUID and encrypts the password on the suspect's workstation.

affidavit

The purpose of an __________ is to provide facts in support of evidence of a crime to submit to a judge when requesting a search warrant.

chain of custody

The route evidence takes from the time the investigator obtains it until the case is closed or goes to court.

Chain of Custody

The route the evidence takes from the time you find it until the case is closed or goes to court.

Computer Forensics

The task of recovering data that users have hidden or deleted, with the goal of ensuring that the recovered data that users have hidden or deleted, with the goal of ensuring that thee recovered data is valid so that it can be used as evidence.

SIGs (Special Interest Groups)

These can be a valuable source of support for recovering and analyzing uncommon systems.

fdisk -l

This Linux command lists all IDE drives as hda, hdb, and so on.

raw format

This copy technique creates simple sequential flat files of a suspect drive or data set. The output of these files is referred to as?

logical acquisition

This data acquisition method captures only specific files of interest to the case or specific types of files, such as Outlook PST files.

Disaster recovery Plan

This ensures that you can restore your workstation and file servers to their original condition if a catastrophic failure occurs.

Single-Evidence Form

This form gives you more flexibility in tracking separate pieces of evidence for your chain-of-custody log.

CART (The FBI Computer Analysis and Response Team)

This group was formed in 1984 to handle the increasing number of cases involving digital evidence.

Professional Journal

This helps you remember what procedures were followed if the case ever goes to court.

Static Acquisitions

This is the preferred way to collect digital evidence.

commingling

This means confidential business data that might be included with the criminal evidence.

Fourth Amendment

This protects everyone's rights to be secure in their person, residence, and property from search and seizure.

Line of authority

This states who has the legal right to initiate an investigation, who can take possession of evidence, and who can have access to evidence.

Static Acquisition

This type of acquisition is typically done on a computer seized during a police raid.

Hardware Acquisition

This type of acquisition tool can access the drive at the BIOS level

proprietary format

This type of file format gives options to compress or not compress files, and has the capability to split an image into smaller segments.

Proprietary format

This type of format typically offers several features that complement the vendor's analysis tool.

Backup Software

This type of software can only copy or compress files that are stored in a folder or are a known file type.

Forensic Workstation

To conduct an investigation and analysis, you must have a specifically configured PC known as?

Norton Ghost

Tool for directly restoring files

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

Two or more disks combined into one large drive in several configurations for special needs. Some_______ systems are designed for redundancy to ensure continuous operations if one disk fails. Another configuration spreads data across several disks to improve access speeds for reads and writes.

Regional

Typically a(n) _________ lab has a separate storage are or room for evidence.

OS

Uniform Crime report statistics for your area and a list of cases handled in your area or at your company are sources that can help you determine the _________ needed in your lab.

data recovery

Use computer forensics techniques to retrieve information their clients have lost.

Sparse Acquisition

Use this acquisition method only when you don't need to examine the entire drive.

Lossy Compression

Used with .jpeg files to reduce file size and doesn't affect image quality when the file is restored and viewed.

Interview

Usually conducted to collect information from a witness or suspect about specific facts related to an investigation.

True

Warning banners are often easier to present in court than policy manuals are

Konkeror

Web browser

who, what, when and where

What are the necessary components of a search warrant?

Chain of custody

What do you call a list of people who have had physical possession of the evidence?

Who recovered the Evidence When the evidence was recovered Who possessed the evidence at the time it was recovered

What information should be documented about evidence?

ServLet

What is the EnCase Enterprise remove program?

PDServer

What is the ProDiscover remote access program?

DiskExplorer

What is the Runtime Software utility used to acquire data over a network connection?

2 GB

What is the maximum file size when writing data to a FAT32 drive?

Validation

What is the most critical aspect of computer evidence?

Low-Level investigations

What most cases in the corporate environment are considered

TEMPEST

What name refers to labs constructed to shield EMR emissions?

Requirements, Cost, Acceptability

What three items should you research before enlisting in a certification program?

standard data backup tool

When a suspects computer can't be taken offline for several hours, but can be shut down long enough to switch disks, you should use a ____________ such as Norton Ghost

Limiting Phrase

When an investigator finds a mix of information, judges often issue a(n) ______ to the warrant, which allows the police to separate innocent information from evidence.

ASCLD

Which organization has guidelines on how to operate a computer forensics lab?

NISPOM

Which organization provides good information on safe storage containers?

Expert Witness Format

Which propriety format is the unofficial standard?

anti-static bags

Which type of bag should be used when collecting computer evidence?

b

Who should have access to a secure container? answer a b c or d a. only the primary investigator b. only the investigators in the group c. everyone on the floor d. only senior-level management

FAT16, FAT32, NTFS

Windows File Systems:

d

With remote acquisitions, what problem should you be aware of? answer a b c or d a. data transfer speeds b. access permissions over the network c. antivirus, antispyware, and firewall programs, d all of the above

limiting phrase

Wording in a search warrant that limits the scope of a search for evidence.

Network Forensics

Yields information about how a perpetrator or an attacker gained access to a network.

MD5

You can use the ____ function in FTK Imager to obtain the digital signature of a file or an entire drive.

Initial response field kit

You have been called to the scene of a fatal car crash where a laptop computer is still running. What type of field kit should you take with you?

notarized

You must have an affidavit ________ under sworn oath to verify that the information in the affidavit is true.

False

You should always answer questions from onlookers at a crime scene. True or False?

false

You should always prove the allegations made by the person who hired you.

Physical Security

________ is critical for computer forensics lab to maintain the chain of custody and prevent data from being lost, corrupted, or stolen.

Risk assessment

________ should be done to list problems that might happen when conducting your investigation as an aid in planning a case.

professional conduct

_________ is ethics, morals and stands of behavior. It is important because it determines your credibility.

Requester

__________ should be appointed to avoid conflicts from competing interests between organizations or departments.

Bit-Stream Copy

a bit-by-bit copy (also known as a sector copy) of the original drive or storage medium and is an exact duplicate.

ServLet

a small, server-resident program that typically runs automatically in response to user input.

false

under normal circumstances a corporate investigator is considered an agent of law enforcement

CFCE (Certified Forensic Computer Examiner)

A certificate awarded by IACIS at completion of all portions of the exam.

Logical Acquisition

Captures only specific files of interest to a case or specific file types

CEECS (Certified Electronic Evidence Collection Specialists)

A certificate awarded by IACIS at completion of the written exam.

allegations

A charge made against someone or something before proof has been found.

Forensic Workstation

A computer loaded with additional bays and forensic software.

HTCN (High Tech Crime Network)

A national organization that provides certification for computer crime investigators and computer forensics technicians.

ASCLD (American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors)

A national society that sets the standards, management, and audit procedures for labs used in crime analysis, including computer forensics labs used by the police, FBI, and similar organizations.

AFF (Advanced Forensic Format)

A new data acquisition format developed by Simson L. Garfinkel and Basis Technology. This open and extensible format stores image data and metadata. File extensions include .afd for segmented image files and .afm for ______ metadata.

Advanced Forensic Format (AFF)

A new open-source acquisition format developed by Dr. Simson L. Garfinkel

CTIN (Computer Technology Investigations Network)

A nonprofit group based in Seattle-Tacoma, WA, composed of law enforcement members, private corporation security professionals, and other security professionals whose aim is to improve the quality of high-technology investigations in the Pacific Northwest.

Business Case

A plan you can use to sell your services to your management or clients

Silver-Platter Doctrine

A policy no longer in effect that allowed a state law enforcement officer to pass illegally obtained evidence to the federal government and allowed federal prosecution to use that evidence.

initial response field kit

A portable kit containing only the minimum tools needed to perform disk acquisitions and preliminary forensics analysis in the field.

extensive response field kit

A portable kit designed to process several computers and a variety of operating systems at a crime or incident scene involving computers. This kit should contain two or more types of software or hardware computer forensics tools, such as extra storage drives.

evidence custody form

A printed form indicating who has signed out and been in physical possession of evidence.

Configuration Management

A process which records all updates you make to your workstation.

TEMPEST

A shield which shields sensitive computing systems and prevent electronic eavesdropping of any computer emission.

disaster recovery

A specialty field in which companies perform real-time backups, monitoring, data recovery, and hot site operations.

data recovery

A specialty field in which companies retrieve files that were deleted accidentally or purposefully.

TEMPEST

A term referring to facilities that have been hardened so that electrical signals from computers, the computer network, and telephone systems can't be monitored or accessed easily by someone outside the facility.

Multi-evidence form

A type of evidence custody form

nonkeyed hash set

A unique hash number generated by a software tool

hashing algorithm

A utility designed to create a binary or hexadecimal number that represents the uniqueness of a data set, file or entire disk.

keyed hash set

A value created by an encryption utility's secret key.

Things required for a Forensics Workstation

A workstation A write-blocker device Computer Forensic Acquisition tool Computer Forensic Analysis tool Target Drive Spare PATA or SATA ports USB Ports

forensic workstation

A workstation set up to allow copying forensic evidence, whether on a hard drive, USB drive, CD, or Zip disk. It usually has software preloaded and ready to use.

low-emanating Workstation

A workstation that is more expensive than the average workstation, but less expensive than a TEMPEST lab.

Single-Evidence Form

A(n) ________ lists each piece of evidence on a separate page.

Interview

A(n) ____________ is usually conducted to collect information from a witness or suspect about specific facts related to an investigation.

AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System)

A computerized system for identifying fingerprints that's connected to a central database; used to identify criminal suspects and review thousands of fingerprint samples at high speed.

false

A corporate investigator must follow Fourth Amendment standards when conducting an investigation

Disaster Recovery Plan

Addresses how to restore a workstation you reconfigured for a specific investigation.

FOIA

Agencies must comply with these laws and make documents they find and create available as public records

Case Law

Allows legal counsel to use previous cases similar to the current one because the laws don't yet exist.

MD5 (message Digest 5)

An algorithm that produces a hexadecimal value of a file or storage media. Used to determine whether data has been changed.

True

An employer can be held liable for email harassment true or false

whole disk encryption

An encryption technique that performs a sector-by-sector encryption of an entire drive. Each sector is encrypted in its entirety, making it unreadable when copied with a static acquisition method.

Multi-Evidence form

An evidence custody form used to list all items associated with a case.

case report

An explanation of basic computer and network processes, a narrative of what steps you took, and a description of your findings should all be included in your __________.

Norton DiskEdit

An older computer forensics tool.

Uniform Crime Report

Annual ___________ are generated at the federal, state, and local levels to show the types and frequency of crimes committed.

Forensic Copy

Another name for Bit-Stream Image

forensic copy

Another name for a bit-stream image.

agent of law enforcement

As a corporate investigator, you can become an _______ __ ____ __________ when you begin to take orders from a police detective without a warrant or subpoena and/or your internal investigation has concluded, and you have filed a criminal complaint and turned over the evidence to law enforcement.

2

As standard practice, make at least ____ images of digital evidence you collect.

SIGs (Special Interest Groups)

Associated with various operating systems, these groups maintain electronic mailing lists and might hold meetings to exchange information about current and legacy operating systems.

Write-blocking hardware device

Because windows can easily contaminate your evidence drive, you must protect it with a well tested ___________________.

raw

Bit-stream data to files copy techniques creates simple sequential flat files of a suspect drive or data set. The output of these flat files is referred to as a(n) ______ format.

d

Building a business case can involve which of the following? answer a b c or d a. Procedures for gathering evidence b. testing software c. protecting trade secrets d. all of the above

SIG

Can be a valuable source of support for recovering and analyzing uncommon systems.

Free Space

Can be used for new files that are saved or files that expand as data is added to them.

ISPs

Can investigate computer abuse committed by their employees, but not customers.

forensic hash

A _______ can't be predicted, no two files can have the same hash value, and if the file changes, the hash value changes are all rules for a?

TEMPEST

A ________ lab requires lining the walls, ceiling, floor, and doors with specially grounded conductive metal sheets.

bit-stream copy

A bit-by-bit duplicate of data on the original storage medium. This process is usually called "acquiring an image" or "making an image.

Criminal Case

A case in which criminal law must be applied.

Static Acquisitions

A data acquisition method used when a suspect drive is write-protected and can't be altered. If disk evidence is preserved correctly, _____________ are repeatable.

business case

A document that provides justification to upper management or a lender for purchasing new equipment, software, or other tools when upgrading your facility. In many instances, a business case shows how upgrades will benefit the company.

Secure Facility

A facility that can be locked and allows limited access to the room's contents.

approved secure container

A fireproof container locked by a key or combination.

IOCE (International Organization on Computer Evidence)

A group that sets standards for recovering, preserving, and examining digital evidence.

enterprise network environment

A large corporate computing system that can include formerly independent systems.

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)

A mathematical algorithm that translates a file into a unique hexadecimal value.