Test 1 Review
The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides. Which of the following correctly matches the complementary nucleotides of DNA
A:T C:G
In humans, energy stored in food is converted into BLANK to perform work by the cells.
ATP
The shape of the BLANK determines the substrate that is broken down.
Active site
The plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials in & out of the cell. What process would be used to move a noncharged molecule across the membrane?
Diffusion
The largest number of ATP molecules us produces in which phase of cellular respiration?
Electron Transport Chain
A key feature of glycolysis
Spitting glucose into two pyruvates
Energy drinks do not contain energy. They contain BLANK that interact with the bodies metabolic pathway.
Vitamins
In a chemical reaction, the energy is ATP is provided by splitting the ATP molecule between the
adenosine diphosphate and phosphate
In a normal cell, G1 phase is the checkpoint for DNA damage. If the damage is too extensive, the cell will undergo
apoptosis
Cancer begins when
cells divide uncontrollably
There is a structure holding the two sister chromatids together. This structure is called the
centromere
The DNA is compacted into multiple BLANK that condenses and organizes the genetic information before cell divides
chromosomes
You are reading an article about a person being diagnosed with a type of sarcoma. This type of cancer affects
connective tissue
The second law of thermodynamics states that
during the transfer of energy, some energy is lost as heat
Cancer cells are: a) less specialized b) no longer function with neighboring cells c) divide rapidly d) ignore the genetic information e) all of these are correct
e) all are correct
In the small intestines, the role of the lacteals is to absorb
fat-soluble nutrients
Nucleic acids serve as a
genetic cod(e)
At the cellular level.... enzymes work by
lowering the activation energy of the reaction
The purpose of transcription is to
make mRNA that will carry the instructions for making proteins outside of the nucleus
Cells are specialized to form tissues and organs through the control of gene expression. Gene expression is regulated by (turning on and off genetic instructions) by
nearby cell signals and environmental factors
In animal cells, DNA is located in the
nucleus
Enzymes are
proteins
In a biochemical reaction, the energy of activation is the amount of energy
required to start a reaction
During the translation the BLANK reads the codon on the mRNA and brings in the corresponding amino acid
tRNA
The purpose of translation is to
use mRNA codons to link together amino acids to form a polypeptide chain
Which of the following statements describes DNA?
All of the following are correct
Which property of phospholipids makes them suitable for formation of double layers found in membranes?
Both have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end
Which of the following best describes effects on caffeine on the body?
Caffeine is considered a psychoactive drug because it changes brain function
What is the correct order of interphase?
G1, S, G2
DNA is a double strand of nucleotides arranged in a BLANK structure
Helical
Coenzymes function to
Interact directly with enzymes, either enabling the reaction to occur or making the substrate enzyme interaction more efficient.
What stage does a cell spend most of its time in?
Interphase
What are the two major parts of the cell cycle?
Interphase and Mitosis
At the end of gene expression, the amino acids are in a BLANK structure. This is also the BLANK structure of a protein.
Linear; Primary
What cell organelle converts the energy found in food into a form usable by cells?
Mitochondrion
Thinking about the hierarchy of biological organization, which of the following includes the others?
Organ Systems