Test 1 Review

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides. Which of the following correctly matches the complementary nucleotides of DNA

A:T C:G

In humans, energy stored in food is converted into BLANK to perform work by the cells.

ATP

The shape of the BLANK determines the substrate that is broken down.

Active site

The plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials in & out of the cell. What process would be used to move a noncharged molecule across the membrane?

Diffusion

The largest number of ATP molecules us produces in which phase of cellular respiration?

Electron Transport Chain

A key feature of glycolysis

Spitting glucose into two pyruvates

Energy drinks do not contain energy. They contain BLANK that interact with the bodies metabolic pathway.

Vitamins

In a chemical reaction, the energy is ATP is provided by splitting the ATP molecule between the

adenosine diphosphate and phosphate

In a normal cell, G1 phase is the checkpoint for DNA damage. If the damage is too extensive, the cell will undergo

apoptosis

Cancer begins when

cells divide uncontrollably

There is a structure holding the two sister chromatids together. This structure is called the

centromere

The DNA is compacted into multiple BLANK that condenses and organizes the genetic information before cell divides

chromosomes

You are reading an article about a person being diagnosed with a type of sarcoma. This type of cancer affects

connective tissue

The second law of thermodynamics states that

during the transfer of energy, some energy is lost as heat

Cancer cells are: a) less specialized b) no longer function with neighboring cells c) divide rapidly d) ignore the genetic information e) all of these are correct

e) all are correct

In the small intestines, the role of the lacteals is to absorb

fat-soluble nutrients

Nucleic acids serve as a

genetic cod(e)

At the cellular level.... enzymes work by

lowering the activation energy of the reaction

The purpose of transcription is to

make mRNA that will carry the instructions for making proteins outside of the nucleus

Cells are specialized to form tissues and organs through the control of gene expression. Gene expression is regulated by (turning on and off genetic instructions) by

nearby cell signals and environmental factors

In animal cells, DNA is located in the

nucleus

Enzymes are

proteins

In a biochemical reaction, the energy of activation is the amount of energy

required to start a reaction

During the translation the BLANK reads the codon on the mRNA and brings in the corresponding amino acid

tRNA

The purpose of translation is to

use mRNA codons to link together amino acids to form a polypeptide chain

Which of the following statements describes DNA?

All of the following are correct

Which property of phospholipids makes them suitable for formation of double layers found in membranes?

Both have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end

Which of the following best describes effects on caffeine on the body?

Caffeine is considered a psychoactive drug because it changes brain function

What is the correct order of interphase?

G1, S, G2

DNA is a double strand of nucleotides arranged in a BLANK structure

Helical

Coenzymes function to

Interact directly with enzymes, either enabling the reaction to occur or making the substrate enzyme interaction more efficient.

What stage does a cell spend most of its time in?

Interphase

What are the two major parts of the cell cycle?

Interphase and Mitosis

At the end of gene expression, the amino acids are in a BLANK structure. This is also the BLANK structure of a protein.

Linear; Primary

What cell organelle converts the energy found in food into a form usable by cells?

Mitochondrion

Thinking about the hierarchy of biological organization, which of the following includes the others?

Organ Systems