Test 3 AS 121
What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level
15 C, 29.92 HG
What is the maximum structural cruising speed? Answers A.100 kts. B.208 kts. C.165 kts.
165 kts
What is the caution range of the airplane? Answers A.0 to 60 kts. B.100 to 165 kts. C.165 to 208 kts.
165 to 208 kts.
What load factor would be created if positive 15 feet per second gusts were encountered at 120 mph? Answers A.2.0 B.2.8 C.3.0
2.0
The maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air is Answers A.100 kts. B.165 kts. C.208 kts.
208 kts
Which altimeter(s) indicate(s) more than 9,000 feet? Answers A.1 and 2 only. B.1, 2, and 3. C.3 only.
3 only
If an airplane weighs 3,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 30° banked turn while maintaining altitude? Answers A.3,960 pounds. B.3,100 pounds. C.1,200 pounds.
3,960 pounds
If an airplane weighs 2,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 60° banked turn while maintaining altitude?
4,600 pounds
If an airplane weighs 4,500 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 45° banked turn while maintaining altitude? Answers A.4,500 pounds. B.7,200 pounds. C.6,750 pounds.
6,750 pounds
If it is necessary to set the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs? Answers A.70-foot increase in indicated altitude. B.700-foot increase in indicated altitude. C.70-foot increase in density altitude.
700-foot increase in indicated altitude.
Altimeter 3 indicates Answers A.4,500 feet. B.9,500 feet. C.10,500 feet.
9,500 feet
What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted? Answers A.The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced. B.When thrust is reduced to less than weight, lift is also reduced and the wings can no longer support the weight. C.The CG shifts forward when thrust and drag are reduced.
A.The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.
What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine? Answers A.Test each brake and the parking brake. B.Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges. C.Place the magneto or ignition switch momentarily in the OFF position to check for proper grounding.
Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges.
Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude? Answers A.Air temperature lower than standard. B.Air temperature warmer than standard. C.Atmospheric pressure lower than standard.
Air temperature warmer than standard.
Which instrument(s) will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged? Answers A.Airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator. B.Airspeed indicator only. C.Altimeter only.
Airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator.
Which factor would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport?
An increase in ambient temperature.
Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?
Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed.
What is the effect of advancing the throttle in flight? Answers A.Airspeed will remain relatively constant but the aircraft will climb. B.The aircraft will accelerate, which will cause a turn to the right. C.Both aircraft groundspeed and angle of attack will increase.
Both aircraft groundspeed and angle of attack will increase.
During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?
Both wings are stalled
During the run-up at a high-elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most logical initial action? Answers A.Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture. B.Taxi back to the flight line for a maintenance check. C.Reduce manifold pressure to control detonation.
Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture.
If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be Answers A.decrease of RPM. B.increase of RPM. C.engine roughness.
Decrease of RPM
What effect does high density altitude, as compared to low density altitude, have on propeller efficiency and why?
Efficiency is reduced because the propeller exerts less force at high density altitudes than at low density altitudes.
What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating? Answers A.Increase the RPM. B.Reduce the airspeed. C.Enrich the fuel mixture.
Enrich the fuel mixture
Which combination of atmospheric conditions will reduce aircraft takeoff and climb performance?
High temperature, high relative humidity, and high density altitude.
If the outside air temperature (OAT) at a given altitude is warmer than standard, the density altitude is
Higher than pressure altitude
Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude? Answers A.When density altitude is higher than indicated altitude. B.In colder than standard air temperature. C.In warmer than standard air temperature.
In colder than standard air temperature.
On aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, when is the auxiliary electric driven pump used? Answers A.All the time to aid the engine-driven fuel pump. B.In the event engine-driven fuel pump fails. C.Constantly except in starting the engine.
In the event engine-driven fuel pump fails.
As air temperature increases, density altitude will
Increase
An airplane loaded with the Center of Gravity (CG) rear of the aft CG limit could Answers A.increase the likelihood of inadvertent overstress. B.make it more difficult to flare for landing. C.make it easier to recover from stalls and spins.
Increase the likelihood of inadvertent overstress.
What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?
Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating.
Which of the following is a true statement concerning electrical systems? Answers A.The master switch creates current that is supplied to the electrical system. B.The airspeed indicator is driven by the electrical system. C.Lights and radios use the electrical system for power.
Lights and radios use the electrical system for power.
Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration? Answers A.Upper limit of the green arc. B.Upper limit of the white arc. C.Lower limit of the green arc.
Lower limit of the green arc.
Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration? Answers A.Upper limit of the white arc. B.Upper limit of the green arc. C.Lower limit of the white arc.
Lower limit of the white arc.
What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators? Answers A.Maximum structural cruising speed. B.Never-exceed speed. C.Maneuvering speed.
Maneuvering speed.
What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent? Answers A.Turbulent or rough-air speed. B.Never-exceed speed. C.Maneuvering speed.
Never-exceed speed
The airspeed indicated by points A and J is Answers A.normal stall speed. B.maximum structural cruising speed. C.maneuvering speed.
Normal stall speed.
What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller? Answers A.Provides a smoother operation with stable RPM and eliminates vibrations. B.Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient performance. C.Permits the pilot to select and maintain a desired cruising speed.
Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient performance.
What effect does high density altitude have on aircraft performance?
Reduces climb performance
What steps must be taken when flying in glass flight decks to ensure safe flight? Answers A.Regularly scan both inside and outside, use all appropriate checklists, and cross-check with other forms of information. B.Use the moving map for primary means of navigation, use the MFD to check engine systems and weather, back up with supplementary forms of information. C.Regularly scan each item on the PFD, confirm on the MFD.
Regularly scan both inside and outside, use all appropriate checklists, and cross-check with other forms of information.
You have planned a cross-country flight on a warm spring morning. Your course includes a mountain pass, which is at 11,500 feet MSL. The service ceiling of your airplane is 14,000 feet MSL. After checking the local weather report, you are able to calculate the density altitude of the mountain pass as 14,800 feet MSL. Which of the following is the correct action to take
Replan your journey to avoid the mountain pass
What is a benefit of flying with a glass flight deck? Answers A.Terrain avoidance is guaranteed. B.There is no longer a need to carry paper charts in flight. C.Situational awareness is increased.
Situational awareness is increased.
A positive load factor of 2 at 80 mph would cause the airplane to
Stall
During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the aircraft to
Stall at a higher airspeed
In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?
Stalled
Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing? Answers A.Temperature between 20°F and 70°F and high humidity. B.Temperature between 32°F and 50°F and low humidity. C.Any temperature below freezing and a relative humidity of less than 50 percent.
Temperature between 20°F and 70°F and high humidity.
If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected? Answers A.The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and turn-and-slip indicator. B.The altimeter, attitude indicator, and turn-and-slip indicator. C.The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator.
The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator.
What is pressure altitude? Answers A.The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92. B.The indicated altitude corrected for position and installation error. C.The indicated altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature and pressure.
The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere? Answers A.The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left. B.The compass will remain on south for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the airplane. C.The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
What change occurs in the fuel/air mixture when carburetor heat is applied? Answers A.The fuel/air mixture becomes leaner. B.The fuel/air mixture becomes richer. C.A decrease in RPM results from the lean mixture.
The fuel/air mixture becomes richer.
While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture? Answers A.The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean. B.There will be more fuel in the cylinders than is needed for normal combustion. C.The excessively rich mixture will create higher cylinder head temperatures and may cause detonation.
The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.
What force makes an airplane turn?
The horizontal component of lift.
What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
The location of the CG with respect to the center of lift.
What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available? Answers A.The next lower octane aviation gas. B.Unleaded automotive gas of the same octane rating. C.The next higher octane aviation gas.
The next higher octane aviation gas.
What is density altitude? Answers A.The height above the standard datum plane. B.The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. C.The altitude read directly from the altimeter.
The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.
Which marking identifies the never-exceed speed? Answers A.The red radial line. B.Upper limit of the white arc. C.Upper limit of the green arc.
The red radial line.
What is ground effect?
The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane.
The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the
The speed of the airplane
What is true altitude? Answers A.The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface. B.The height above the standard datum plane. C.The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
Which would most likely cause the cylinder head temperature and engine oil temperature gauges to exceed their normal operating ranges? Answers A.Operating with higher-than-normal oil pressure. B.Using fuel that has a higher-than-specified fuel rating. C.Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating.
Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating.
Structural damage or failure is more likely to occur in smooth air at speeds above Answers A.VNE B.VNO. C.VA.
VNE
A pilot and two passengers landed on a 2,100 foot east-west gravel strip with an elevation of 1,800 feet. The temperature is warmer than expected and after computing the density altitude it is determined the takeoff distance over a 50 foot obstacle is 1,980 feet. The airplane is 75 pounds under gross weight. What would be the best choice?
Wait until the temperature decreases, and recalculate the takeoff performance.
When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?
When at high angles of attack
Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude? Answers A.When the atmospheric pressure is 29.92" Hg. B.When standard atmospheric conditions exist. C.When indicated altitude is equal to the pressure altitude.
When standard atmospheric conditions exist.
The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting Answers A.a decrease in RPM and then a constant RPM indication. B.an increase in RPM and then a gradual decrease in RPM. C.a decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.
a decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.
Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the aircraft's Answers A.lifting capacity. B.aerodynamic balance and controllability. C.lift/drag ratio.
aerodynamic balance and controllability.
A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to Answers A.always use a rich mixture with high RPM settings. B.avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM. C.avoid high RPM settings with high manifold pressure.
avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM.
Excessively high engine temperatures will Answers A.cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage. B.cause damage to heat-conducting hoses and warping of the cylinder cooling fins. C.not appreciably affect an aircraft engine.
cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
In the Northern Hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate Answers A.a turn toward the south. B.a turn momentarily. C.correctly when on a north or south heading.
correctly when on a north or south heading.
Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to Answers A.decrease engine performance. B.have no effect on engine performance. C.increase engine performance.
decrease engine performance.
What effect, if any, does high humidity have on aircraft performance
decreases the performance of most aircraft
If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause Answers A.a mixture of fuel and air that is not uniform in all cylinders. B.detonation. C.lower cylinder head temperatures.
detonation
The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the Answers A.automatic metering of air at the venturi as the aircraft gains altitude. B.difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet. C.increase in air velocity in the throat of a venturi causing an increase in air pressure.
difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.
An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be
difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition
Applying carburetor heat will Answers A.enrich the fuel/air mixture. B.result in more air going through the carburetor. C.not affect the fuel/air mixture.
enrich the fuel/air mixture.
An aircraft leaving ground effect during takeoff will
experience an increase in induced drag and a decrease in performance.
An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would Answers A.probably experience engine failure due to the loss of the engine-driven fuel pump and also experience failure of the radio equipment, lights, and all instruments that require alternating current. B.probably experience failure of the engine ignition system, fuel gauges, aircraft lighting system, and avionics equipment. C.experience avionics equipment failure.
experience avionics equipment failure.
To properly purge water from the fuel system of an aircraft equipped with fuel tank sumps and a fuel strainer quick drain, it is necessary to drain fuel from the Answers A.fuel strainer drain. B.lowest point in the fuel system. C.fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps.
fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps.
The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as Answers A.high as 95°F and there is visible moisture. B.high as 70°F and the relative humidity is high. C.low as 0°F and the relative humidity is high.
high as 70°F and the relative humidity is high.
If a flight is made from an area of high pressure into an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate Answers A.the actual altitude above sea level. B.higher than the actual altitude above sea level. C.lower than the actual altitude above sea level.
higher than the actual altitude above sea level.
To keep a battery charged, the alternator voltage output should be Answers A.equal to the battery voltage. B.higher than the battery voltage. C.less than the battery voltage.
higher than the battery voltage.
During preflight in cold weather, crankcase breather lines should receive special attention because they are susceptible to being clogged by Answers A.congealed oil from the crankcase. B.moisture from the outside air which has frozen. C.ice from crankcase vapors that have condensed and subsequently frozen.
ice from crankcase vapors that have condensed and subsequently frozen.
Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at
less than the length of the wingspan above the surface.
If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to Answers A.apply carburetor heat. B.lean the mixture. C.lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed.
lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed.
Deviation in a magnetic compass is caused by the Answers A.magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force. B.presence of flaws in the permanent magnets of the compass. C.difference in the location between true north and magnetic north.
magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force.
Limit load factor is the ratio of
maximum sustainable load to the gross weight of the airplane.
If the ignition switch ground wire becomes disconnected, the magneto Answers A.may continue to fire. B.will not operate because the battery is disconnected from the circuit. C.will not operate.
may continue to fire.
With regard to carburetor ice, float-type carburetor systems in comparison to fuel injection systems are generally considered to be Answers A.equally susceptible to icing. B.less susceptible to icing. C.more susceptible to icing.
more susceptible to icing.
To receive accurate indications during flight from a heading indicator, the instrument must be Answers A.set prior to flight on a known heading. B.periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses. C.calibrated on a compass rose at regular intervals.
periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses.
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as Answers A.pre-ignition. B.detonation. C.combustion.
pre-ignition
Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will Answers A.prevent expansion of the fuel by eliminating airspace in the tanks. B.prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks. C.force any existing water to the top of the tank away from the fuel lines to the engine.
prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.
The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the
propeller blade descending on the right, producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.
An airplane said to be inherently stable will
require less effort to control.
A positive indication on an ammeter Answers A.means more current is being drawn from the battery than is being replaced. B.indicates the aircraft's battery will soon lose its charge. C.shows the rate of charge on the battery.
shows the rate of charge on the battery.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south when Answers A.the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading. B.a left turn is entered from an east heading. C.a right turn is entered from a west heading.
the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading.
For internal cooling, air cooled engines are especially dependent on Answers A.a properly functioning thermostat. B.the circulation of lubricating oil. C.air flowing over the exhaust manifold.
the circulation of lubricating oil.
An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by Answers A.operating with a too high viscosity oil. B.operating with an excessively rich mixture. C.the oil level being too low.
the oil level being too low.
Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when Answers A.the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally. B.hot spots in the combustion chamber ignite the fuel/air mixture in advance of normal ignition. C.the spark plugs are fouled or shorted out or the wiring is defective.
the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.
If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with Answers A.too much power and with the mixture set too lean. B.the mixture set too rich. C.higher-than-normal oil pressure.
too much power and with the mixture set too lean.
Fuel/air ratio is the ratio between the Answers A.volume of fuel and volume of air entering the cylinder. B.weight of fuel and weight of air entering the cylinder. C.weight of fuel and weight of air entering the carburetor.
weight of fuel and weight of air entering the cylinder.
