The Cardiovascular System
The normal adult cardiac output is ______
5250 mL/min
The normal value of SV is ______
70 mL/beat
For the normal resting heart, the value of HR is ______
70-76 bpm
The point in the intrinsic conduction system where the impulse in temporarily delayed
AV node
Chest pain
Angina pectoris
The chambers that have just emptied when the second heart sound is heard are the __________.
Atria
Immediately after the second heart sound, the _________ are filling with blood and the _______ are empty
Atria; ventricles
Prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting
Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve
An abnormally slow heartbeat, that is, below 60 bpm
Bradycardia
In the relationship CO = HR x SV, CO stands for _____, HR stands for _____, and SV stands for _______
Cardiac output Heart rate Stroke volume
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram
Factors that lead to an increase in cardiac output by increasing stoke volume or heart rate
Epinephrine Thyroxine Fear Exercise Activation of sympathetic nervous system High blood pressure Fever
The resting heart rate is the fastest in ______ life
Fetal
A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump
Fibrillation
List the order of blood flow through the heart.
From the RIGHT ATRIUM through the TRICUSPID VALVE to the RIGHT VENTRICLE through the PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE to the PULMONARY TRUNK to the right and left PULMONARY ARTERIES to the capillary beds of the LUNGS to the PULMONARY VEINS to the LEFT ATRIUM through the BICUSPID VALVE to the LEFT VENTRICLE through the AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE to the AORTA to the SYSTEMIC ARTERIES to the CAPILLARY BEDS of body tissue to the SYSTEMIC VEINS to the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA which enter the RIGHT ATRIUM of the heart.
Damage to the AV node, totally or partially releasing the ventricles from the control of the SA nod
Heart block
the monosyllables describing heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are
Lub-dup
The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the _________
Mediastium
Abnormal heart sounds, or ______, usually indicate valve problems
Murmurs (make swish noise)
The period which the atria are depolarizing
P wave
Prevent backflow into the ventricles when the heart is relaxed
Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve
The period which the ventricles are depolarizing, which causes the contraction
QRS wave
The pacemaker of the intrinsic conuction system
SA node
Closure of the __________ cause the second heart sound
Semilunar valves
The period during which the ventricles are repolarizing
T wave
An abnormally rapid heartbeat, that is, faster than 100 beats per minute
Tachycardia
The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear your first heart sound are the _____________
Ventricles
The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the _____________
aorta
Relative to the roles of the heart chambers, the _________ are receiving chambers, whereas the _____ are discharging chambers
atria; ventricles
The first heart sound is a result of the closure of the _____________
atrioventricular valves
Th heart muscle, or myocardium, is composed of a special type of muscle tissue called ______
cardiac muscle
Its apex rests on the _____
diaphragm
The period of ventricular relaxation is called ____
diastole
The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps is called the ______
endocardium
The outermost layer of the heart is called the _____
epicardium
The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease _____ during heart activity
friction
If the ______ side of the heart fails, pulmonary congestion occurs
left
The coronary sinus empties into the _____________
right atrium
Its base is at the level of the ___________ rib
second
The contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ____
systole
