The Cardiovascular System

The normal adult cardiac output is ______

5250 mL/min

The normal value of SV is ______

70 mL/beat

For the normal resting heart, the value of HR is ______

70-76 bpm

The point in the intrinsic conduction system where the impulse in temporarily delayed

AV node

Chest pain

Angina pectoris

The chambers that have just emptied when the second heart sound is heard are the __________.

Atria

Immediately after the second heart sound, the _________ are filling with blood and the _______ are empty

Atria; ventricles

Prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting

Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve

An abnormally slow heartbeat, that is, below 60 bpm

Bradycardia

In the relationship CO = HR x SV, CO stands for _____, HR stands for _____, and SV stands for _______

Cardiac output Heart rate Stroke volume

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart

Electrocardiogram

Factors that lead to an increase in cardiac output by increasing stoke volume or heart rate

Epinephrine Thyroxine Fear Exercise Activation of sympathetic nervous system High blood pressure Fever

The resting heart rate is the fastest in ______ life

Fetal

A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump

Fibrillation

List the order of blood flow through the heart.

From the RIGHT ATRIUM through the TRICUSPID VALVE to the RIGHT VENTRICLE through the PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE to the PULMONARY TRUNK to the right and left PULMONARY ARTERIES to the capillary beds of the LUNGS to the PULMONARY VEINS to the LEFT ATRIUM through the BICUSPID VALVE to the LEFT VENTRICLE through the AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE to the AORTA to the SYSTEMIC ARTERIES to the CAPILLARY BEDS of body tissue to the SYSTEMIC VEINS to the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA which enter the RIGHT ATRIUM of the heart.

Damage to the AV node, totally or partially releasing the ventricles from the control of the SA nod

Heart block

the monosyllables describing heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are

Lub-dup

The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the _________

Mediastium

Abnormal heart sounds, or ______, usually indicate valve problems

Murmurs (make swish noise)

The period which the atria are depolarizing

P wave

Prevent backflow into the ventricles when the heart is relaxed

Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve

The period which the ventricles are depolarizing, which causes the contraction

QRS wave

The pacemaker of the intrinsic conuction system

SA node

Closure of the __________ cause the second heart sound

Semilunar valves

The period during which the ventricles are repolarizing

T wave

An abnormally rapid heartbeat, that is, faster than 100 beats per minute

Tachycardia

The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear your first heart sound are the _____________

Ventricles

The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the _____________

aorta

Relative to the roles of the heart chambers, the _________ are receiving chambers, whereas the _____ are discharging chambers

atria; ventricles

The first heart sound is a result of the closure of the _____________

atrioventricular valves

Th heart muscle, or myocardium, is composed of a special type of muscle tissue called ______

cardiac muscle

Its apex rests on the _____

diaphragm

The period of ventricular relaxation is called ____

diastole

The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps is called the ______

endocardium

The outermost layer of the heart is called the _____

epicardium

The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease _____ during heart activity

friction

If the ______ side of the heart fails, pulmonary congestion occurs

left

The coronary sinus empties into the _____________

right atrium

Its base is at the level of the ___________ rib

second

The contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ____

systole