The Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdominal Wall

The olive sign is best describes as:

An enlarged palpable pyloric sphincter

Which of the following would be most likely a cause of colitis? Gastroesphageal reflux disease Antibiotic therapy Dehydration Rectus sheath hematoma

Antibiotic therapy

Upon sonographic examination of the RLQ in a patient complaining of focal abdominal pain in that area, you visualize a hyperemic blind-ended, tubular structure that contains a shadowing focus. What is the most likely etiology of the shadowing focus? Ureteral stone Appendicolith Gallstone Herniated omentum

Appendicolith

Pseudomyxoma peritonea can result from: Intussusception Pyloric stenosis Crohn disease Appendix cancer

Appendix cancer

The most common location for the vermiform appendix is in the area of the: Jejunum Descending colon Cecum Sigmoid colon

Cecum

A patient presents to the sonography department with a painful, superficial abdominal mass located within a prior cesarean scar. What clinical feature would be most consistent with scar endometriosis? Hematuria Chronic headaches Cyclical pain Bloody diarrhea

Cyclical pain

An adult patient presents to the sonography department with LLQ pain, fever, and bouts of both constipation and diarrhea. Which of the following would be the most likely etiology? Diverticulitis Intussusception Midgut malrotation Appendicitis

Diverticulitis

Which of the following is the development of small outpouchings within the sigmoid colon? Diverticulitis Crohn disease Diverticulosis Midgut malrotation

Diverticulosis

All of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with pyloric stenosis except: Weight loss Dehydration Olive sign First-born female

First-born female

All of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with intussusception except: Vomiting First-born male infant Red currant jelly stools Leukocytosis

First-born male infant

What describes the McBurney point?

Halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus

Which of the following is not associated wth a recuts sheath hematoma? Palpable abdominal mass Increased hematocrit Child birth Sneezing

Increased hematcrit

Which of the following is not a sonographic finding consistent with Crohn disease? Bowel wall thickening Noncompressible bowel with a target appearance Increased peristalsis Hyperemic wall

Increased peristalsis

The situation when bowel procures into the groin is referred to as a(n): Inguinal hernia Linea alba hernia Umbilical hernia Spigelian hernia

Inguinal hernia

The sonographic finding of fluid-filled, distended loops of bowel is consistent with: Meckel diverticulum Diverticulitis Gastroesophageal reflux disease Intestinal obstruction

Intestinal obstruction

Other abnormalities that can present much like pyloric stenosis include all of the following except: Midgut malrotation Pylorospasm Gastroesophageal reflux disease Intussusception

Intussusception

The most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children less than 2 years of age is: Intussusception Midgut malrotation Pyloric stenosis Acute appendicitis

Intussusception

The telescoping of one segment of bowel into another is referred to as: Volvulus Crohn disease Intussusception Pyloric stenosis

Intussusception

All of the following are true of normal intestinal findings with sonography except: Normal bowel does not compress Normal bowel should have observable peristalsis Intestinal wall should measure less than 5 mm Normal bowel has little to no color Doppler signals

Normal bowel does not compress

Clinical findings of a patient with Crohn disease include all the following except: Palpable abdominal mass Rectal bleeding Abdominal pain Weight loss

Palpable abdominal mass

In what position is the infant often placed for better sonographic visualization of the pyloric sphincter? RLD LLD Prone Upright

RLD

Pediatric patients could suffer from bowel obstructions that are caused by a buildup of ingested hair. The mass associated with this type of obstruction is termed a: Phytobezoar Lactobezoar Trichobezoar Permabezoar

Trichobezoar

Which of the following is not a layer of gut identified with sonography? Visceral Serosa Submucosa Mucosa

Visceral

Which of the following would be the most likely clinical feature of colitis? Inguinal herniation of the bowel Right shoulder pain Watery diarrhea Midline hematoma

Watery diarrhea

What are the diagnostic criteria for pyloric stenosis?

3 mm in thickness 17 mm in length

Gastric cancer is most often in the form of: Cystuadenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma Rhabdomyocarcinoma Angiocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

An autoimmune disease characterized by periods of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract describes: Crohn disease Intussusception Pyloric stenosis Mickey diveritculitis

Crohn disease

What abnormality associates red currant jelly stools? Diverticulosis Appendicitis Intussusception Pyloric stenosis

Intussusception

Which of the following would be useful to employ during a sonographic evaluation of a suspected abdominal wall hernia? Upright positioning Prone positioning Graded compression Valsalva

Valsalva

All of the following are sonographic criteria in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis except: Wall of the pylorus is focally thinned Length of the pylorus measures more than 17 mm Doughnut appearance in transverse Cervix appearance in longitudinal

Wall of the pylorus is focally thinned

HPS is most often found in infants between: 1 and 10 days of age 2 and 6 weeks of age 10 and 24 weeks of age 2 and 4 years of age

2 and 6 weeks of age (Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis)

Rebound tenderness is associated with: Appendicitis Intussusception Diverticulitis Gastric carcinoma

Appendicitis

All of the following are sonographic findings of acute appendicitis except: Appendicolith Compressible, blind-ended tube Periappendiceal fluid collection Hyperemic flow

Compressible, blind-ended tube

Clinical findings of acute appendicitis include all of the following except: Leukocytosis RLQ pain Constipation Rebound tenderness

Constipation

What anatomic structure may be noted as a bulls-eye structure anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver in the sagittal scan plane? Pyloric sphincter Duodenal antrum Gastroesophageal junction Distal jejunum

Gastroesophageal junction

The area of pain and rebound tenderness with acute appendicitis is most likely at: Meckel point McBurney point Murphy point Olive point

McBurney point

Which of the following types of obstruction refers to the bowel being physically blocked by something? Mechanical Nonmechanical Obstreperous Bezoarine

Mechanical

A patient presents to the sonography department with bilious vomiting. While investigating the pediatric patient for pyloric stenosis, you note that while the pyloric sphincter appears normal, the SMA is abnormally located to the right of the SMV. what is the most likely diagnosis? Pylorospasm Intussusception Crohn disease Midgut malrotation

Midgut malrotation

The situation when bowel protrudes into a weakened area in the lower one-fourth of the rectus muscle is referred to as a(n): Inguinal hernia Linea alba hernia Umbilical hernia Spigelian hernia

Spigelian hernia

Traditionally, treatment for intussusception is by means of: Surgery External manipulation Compression sonography Therapeutic enema

Therapeutic enema