The Gilded Age (1865-1898)

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Elected in response to Republicans hating the Irish Catholics

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Elected in response to Republicans hating the _______ ___________

The Democrats During Industrialization Supported immigration Supported Catholics

The Democrats During Industrialization Supported ____________ Supported __________

The Knights of Labor Led by Terence Powderly

The Knights of Labor Led by Terence ____________

"The Gilded Age" Alternatively, the "Gilded Age" gave birth to a superpower that would go on to shape the 20th century

"The Gilded Age" Alternatively, the "Gilded Age" gave birth to a __________ that would go on to shape the 20th century

"The Gilded Age" Introduces the corruption of post-Civil War politics

"The Gilded Age" Introduces the ___________ of post-Civil War politics

"The Gilded Age" Period of American history after the Civil War identified by Mark Twain as the "Gilded Age"

"The Gilded Age" Period of American history after the Civil War identified by Mark Twain as the "______ _____"

"The Gilded Age" Reflects the industrial and urban buildup of a modern United States

"The Gilded Age" Reflects the __________ and _________ buildup of a modern United States

"The Gilded Age" Showcases intense class divisions in the United States in the North Native Citizens vs Immigrants Rich vs. Poor Native Citizens (def): Colonists, Pilgrims, Settlers from Northwestern Europe

"The Gilded Age" Showcases _______ class divisions in the United States in the North Native Citizens vs ___________ _______ vs. Poor

"The Gilded Age" Showcases intense class divisions in the United States in the South... Freedmen dealing with "Jim Crow" politics in the wake of Reconstruction

"The Gilded Age" Showcases _______ class divisions in the United States in the South... Freedmen dealing with "___ ____" politics in the wake of Reconstruction

"The Gilded Age" Showcases intense class divisions in the United States in the West: Native American struggles vs. the US government

"The Gilded Age" Showcases _______ class divisions in the United States in the West: _________ American struggles vs. the US ____________

"The Gilded Age" The "Gilded Age" is seen by historians as a low-point in American politics

"The Gilded Age" The "Gilded Age" is seen by historians as a ____-________ in American politics

American Federation of Labor (AFL) "AF of L" focused mainly on higher wages and improved working conditions -Less reform-minded

American Federation of Labor (AFL) "AF of L" focused mainly on higher ________ and improved working ___________ -Less reform-minded

American Federation of Labor (AFL) By 1901, membership in the AF of L reached 1 million

American Federation of Labor (AFL) By 1901, membership in the AF of L reached ___ million

American Federation of Labor (AFL) Critical success of the "AF of L" would not be attained until the 1930s

American Federation of Labor (AFL) Critical success of the "AF of L" would not be attained until the 19___s

American Federation of Labor (AFL) Founded after the collapse of the Knights of Labor by Samuel Gompers in 1886

American Federation of Labor (AFL) Founded after the ___________ of the Knights of Labor by Samuel Gompers in ______ [year]

Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 ban on all immigrants from China

Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 ban on all immigrants from ________

Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act Based strictly on xenophobic tendencies from the Western states xenophobic (def): belief that many immigrants were radicals/criminals

Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act Based strictly on ____________ tendencies from the Western states

Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act Social reformers very critical of Arthur for signing into law

Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act __________ reformers very critical of Arthur for signing into law

Arthur: 1881-1885 Ended Chinese Immigration to the US with the Chinese Exclusion Act

Arthur: 1881-1885 Ended Chinese Immigration to the US with the Chinese __________ Act

Arthur: 1881-1885 Ended political party patronage with civil service reform -Pendleton Civil Service Act

Arthur: 1881-1885 Ended political party ___________ with civil service reform -Pendleton ________ __________ Act

Arthur: 1881-1885 Modernized the American Navy

Arthur: 1881-1885 Modernized the American _________

Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Ended the spoils system

Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Ended the ______ system

Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Made government jobs merit-based rather than by political connections

Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Made government jobs _____ _____ rather than by political connections

Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Reinforced qualifications are necessary for government jobs

Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Reinforced ______________ are necessary for government jobs

Arthur: 1881-1885 Questioning the high tariffs created under Republican leadership led to his denial from being re-elected in 1884

Arthur: 1881-1885 Questioning the high ___________ created under Republican leadership led to his denial from being re-elected in ________

Arthur: 1881-1885 Republican (political party)

Arthur: 1881-1885 _______________ (political party)

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Elected from large campaign contributions from American businessmen

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Elected from large ___________ contributions from American businessmen

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Increased number of GAR pensions to almost 1 million

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Increased number of GAR pensions to almost ___ million

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Increased the coinage of silver with the Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Increased the coinage of silver with the Sherman _______ ___________ Act

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Passed the first billion dollar budget in US History through Congress

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Passed the first _________ dollar budget in US History through Congress

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Supported the McKinley Tariff of 1890 which raised tariff rates to all-time high (48%)

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Supported the McKinley ________ of 1890 which raised tariff rates to all-time high ( ___%)

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Supported the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Supported the Sherman _____-_______ Act

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Republican [political party]

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) ______________ [political party]

Birth of American Industry After the Civil War, the Northern United States experienced periods of great industrial boom due to... -Abundance of coal -Superior network of railroads

Birth of American Industry After the Civil War, the Northern United States experienced periods of great industrial ____ due to... -Abundance of ______ -Superior network of _________

Birth of American Industry After the Civil War, the Northern United States experienced periods of great industrial boom due to... -Influx of immigrant workers [and migrant workers] -Growth of cities

Birth of American Industry After the Civil War, the Northern United States experienced periods of great industrial ____ due to... -Influx of _________ __________ [and migrant workers] -Growth of _______

Birth of American Industry Industrial success soon changed American business with the advent of the "trust" -Corporations ("LLC")

Birth of American Industry Industrial success soon changed American business with the advent of the "_________" -________________ ("LLC")

Birth of American Industry Union victory in the Civil War had made the US a reflection of Hamilton's views rather than Jefferson's Industry over agriculture Federal power over state power

Birth of American Industry Union victory in the Civil War had made the US a __________ of Hamilton's views rather than Jefferson's Industry over ___________ Federal power over _______ _______

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Cleveland also supported the gold standard, which won some votes from business leaders ("Gold Bug Democrat") -Dems had historically supported silver -Largely because of farmers' support of the Dems

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Cleveland also supported the ____ standard, which won some votes from business leaders ("Gold Bug Democrat") -Dems had historically supported ______ -Largely because of farmers' support of the ____

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Cleveland won the election in a landslide due to his outcry against the McKinley Tariff

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Cleveland won the election in a _________ due to his outcry against the McKinley Tariff

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Despite a Democratic victory in the Election of 1892, the Populist Party had a strong showing to give hope in future elections

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Despite a __________ victory in the Election of 1892, the Populist Party had a strong showing to give hope in future elections

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Farmers in the South and Midwest also formed the People's Party, or Populist Party to urge the federal government to take note of the struggles of the American farmer -"Raise less corn and more Hell"

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Farmers in the _____ and _______ also formed the People's Party, or Populist Party to urge the federal government to take note of the struggles of the American farmer -"Raise less ____ and more ____"

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Grover Cleveland's second term as president was ruined due to an economic depression called the Panic of 1893

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Grover Cleveland's second term as president was ruined due to an economic depression called the _____ of 1893

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) In 1892, the Democrats regain the presidency with Grover Cleveland defeating Harrison

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) In 1892, the _________ regain the presidency with Grover Cleveland defeating Harrison

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The Democratic Party was now split in half due to Cleveland's uneasy alliance with big businesses -Notice the gold vs. silver arguement exploded

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The Democratic Party was now split in half due to Cleveland's uneasy alliance with big __________ -Notice the gold vs. silver arguement ________

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The Democrats resolved the Panic by doing two things -Cleveland got a loan of $62 million from JP Morgan to restock the nation's gold supply -Democrats in congress passed high tariffs

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The Democrats resolved the Panic by doing ___ things -Cleveland got a loan of $__ million from JP Morgan to restock the nation's gold supply -Democrats in congress passed high _______

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The violence of the Homestead Strike greatly damaged Harrison's presidency

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The ________ of the Homestead Strike greatly damaged Harrison's presidency

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) This depression was caused by a shortage in the nation's gold supply

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) This depression was caused by a ________ in the nation's gold supply

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Under the Harrison Administration, the nation suffered great unrest on the labor front

Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Under the ________ Administration, the nation suffered great unrest on the labor front

Garfield (1881) Main issue of his presidency was civil service reform -End party patronage/corruption -Sought to end the spoils system spoils system (def): supporters lavished with promises of positions [in Government] in return for political support

Garfield (1881) Main issue of his presidency was civil service __________ -End party patronage/____________ -Sought to end the _______ system

Garfield (1881) Presidency only lasted 200 days in 1881 after he was assassinated by Charles Guiteau

Garfield (1881) Presidency only lasted ______ days in 1881 after he was ______________ by Charles Guiteau

Garfield (1881) Civil War veteran

Garfield (1881) ________ War veteran

Garfield (1881) Chester A. Arthur succeeds him as President

Garfield (1881) _________ __. __________ succeeds him as President

Garfield (1881) Republican [political party]

Garfield (1881) _______________ [political party]

Grant: 1869-1877 Major accomplishment was the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad

Grant: 1869-1877 Major accomplishment was the construction of the ________________ Railroad

Grant: 1869-1877 Two major scandals -Credit Mobilier -Whiskey Ring

Grant: 1869-1877 Two major __________ -Credit Mobilier -Whiskey Ring

Grant: 1869-1877 Republican (political party) Only two-term president of the Gilded Age

Grant: 1869-1877 _____________ (political party) Only _____-term president of the _________ Age

Grant: 1869-1877 Reconstruction dominated his presidency

Grant: 1869-1877 __________________ dominated his presidency

Grant: Credit Mobilier A fake holding company credit by the railroad heads building the Transcontinental Railroad

Grant: Credit Mobilier A ________ holding company credit by the railroad heads building the _________________ Railroad

Grant: Credit Mobilier Leads the US into the Panic of 1873

Grant: Credit Mobilier Leads the US into the ______ of 1873

Grant: Credit Mobilier Railroad executives only spent $50 million to build the railroad, but billed the federal government $94 million

Grant: Credit Mobilier Railroad executives only spent $50 million to build the railroad, but billed the federal government $_____ million

Grant: Credit Mobilier Railroad officials bribed Congressmen in excess of $9 million to support the fraud

Grant: Credit Mobilier Railroad officials bribed _____________ in excess of $9 million to support the fraud

Grant: Credit Mobilier The company received land grants from the Grant Administration -Contracts to build the railroad -Paid for each mile of track laid

Grant: Credit Mobilier The company received ______ grants from the Grant Administration -Contracts to _______ the railroad -Paid for each ______ of track laid

Grant: Whiskey Ring Although Grant was not involved himself, this scandal signified corruption under his administration

Grant: Whiskey Ring Although Grant was not involved himself, this scandal signified ____________ under his administration

Grant: Whiskey Ring Members of Grant's cabinet accepted bribes from Whiskey distillers to avoid paying federal taxes

Grant: Whiskey Ring Members of Grant's cabinet accepted ________ from Whiskey distillers to avoid paying federal ________

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Did not SUPPORT government intervention in economic affairs

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Did not SUPPORT government intervention in ____________ affairs

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) First Democrat to be President since 1856 (ie. James Buchanan)

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) First _____________ to be President since 1856 (ie. James Buchanan)

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) OPPOSED prohibition [alcohol restrictions]

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) OPPOSED ____________ [alcohol restrictions]

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) OPPOSED veteran's pensions

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) OPPOSED veteran's _____________

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Only president to serve non-sequential terms, 1885-1889 and 1893-1897 non-sequential (def): not back-to-back, non-consecutive

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Only president to serve _____-___________ terms, 1885-1889 and 1893-1897

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Responsible for a financial panic in his second term

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Responsible for a ___________ panic in his second term

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) SUPPORTED tariff reforms

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) SUPPORTED tariff ___________

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Saw the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act and the Haymarket Square Riot in his first term

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Saw the passage of the __________ __________ Act and the Haymarket Square _______ in his first term

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Created the first regulatory agency called the Interstate Commerce Commission

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Created the first regulatory __________ called the Interstate Commerce Commission

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Increased the government's regulatory powers -Increases federal power yet again -First time since the Civil War

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Increased the government's regulatory powers -_____________ federal power yet again -First time since the ________ War

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Issued to create fair rates for rail travel between the states

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Issued to create fair _____ for rail travel between the states

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) The first attempt of the federal government to regulate trade between the states

Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) The first attempt of the federal government to ___________ trade between the states

Hayes: 1877-1881 Attempted to create "honest government" in the wake of the scandals under Grant

Hayes: 1877-1881 Attempted to create "____________ government" in the wake of the scandals under Grant

Hayes: 1877-1881 First instance of labor violence after the Civil War -Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Hayes: 1877-1881 First instance of labor ____________ after the Civil War -Great _____________ Strike of _______ [year]

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Hayes called in federal troops to break-up the strike resulting in the deaths of 100 people

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Hayes called in federal troops to break-up the strike resulting in the deaths of _____ people

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Railroad workers were joined by an additional 500,000 in the strike

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Railroad workers were joined by an additional ____________ in the strike

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Showcased the need for labor and industrial reform brought on by no government regulation

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Showcased the need for labor and industrial ___________ brought on by NO government regulation

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Shut down ⅔ of the country's rail trackage

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Shut down _____ of the country's rail trackage

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages to reduce costs, resulting in a strike across 11 states

Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages to reduce costs, resulting in a ___________ across 11 states

Hayes: 1877-1881 His election ended Reconstruction with the Compromise of 1877

Hayes: 1877-1881 His election ended _________________ with the Compromise of ______

Hayes: 1877-1881 Supported prohibition [anti-alcohol]

Hayes: 1877-1881 Supported ______________ [anti-alcohol]

Hayes: 1877-1881 Republican [political party]

Hayes: 1877-1881 ________________ [political party]

Homestead Act Also led to continued problems with Native Americans

Homestead Act Also led to continued ___________ with Native Americans

Homestead Act Another aspect of the Gilded Age was the continued development of the West, made possible by the Transcontinental Railroad and the Homestead Act

Homestead Act Another aspect of the Gilded Age was the continued development of the ____, made possible by the ________________ Railroad and the Homestead Act

Homestead Act Another aspect of the Gilded Age was the continued development of the West, made possible by the Transcontinental Railroad and the Homestead Act The Homestead Act was created by Lincoln in 1862 Encouraged citizens to move West and settle lands for farming Cheap rates (land was free if settled for 7 years) Completed the goals of Manifest Destiny Also led to continued problems with Native Americans

Homestead Act Another aspect of the Gilded Age was the continued development of the ____, made possible by the ________________ Railroad and the Homestead Act The Homestead Act was created by _______ in 1862 Encouraged citizens to move West and settle lands for _______ Cheap rates (land was free if settled for 7 _____) _________ the goals of Manifest Destiny Also led to continued ________ with Native Americans

Homestead Act Cheap rates (land was free if settled for 7 years)

Homestead Act Cheap rates (land was free if settled for ___ years)

Homestead Act Encouraged citizens to move West and settle lands for farming

Homestead Act Encouraged citizens to move West and settle lands for _________

Homestead Act Completed the goals of Manifest Destiny

Homestead Act ___________ the goals of Manifest Destiny

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were struggling with the demands of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in ____________ Both parties were ____________ with the demands of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties also disagreed over the use of pensions to support Union army veterans

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties also disagreed over the use of ____________ to support Union army veterans

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties embraced the idea of laissez-faire economics Laissez-Faire Economics (def): Belief that government should promote economic development, but not regulate industry

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties embraced the idea of _______-_________ economics Laissez-Faire Economics (def): Belief that government should promote economic _______________, but not regulate industry

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties embraced the idea of laissez-faire economics

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties embraced the idea of laissez-faire _____________

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were plagued with economic depressions

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were plagued with economic ______________

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were subjected to "machine politics" and "party bosses" like NYC's Democratic Boss Tweed

Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were subjected to "machine __________" and "party _________" like NYC's Democratic Boss Tweed

Jim Crow in the South By the 1880s, the Supreme Court began to rule against the civil rights of Freedmen

Jim Crow in the South By the 1880s, the _________ Court began to rule against the ______ rights of Freedmen

Jim Crow in the South Congress could not legislate against racial discrimination of private citizens and businesses, including railroads and hotels

Jim Crow in the South Congress could not legislate against _______ discrimination of private citizens and businesses, including railroads and hotels

Jim Crow in the South Lynching and discrimination/intimidation tactics were used to keep Freedmen from voting the Republican ticket

Jim Crow in the South Lynching and discrimination/intimidation tactics were used to keep Freedmen from ________ the Republican ticket

Jim Crow in the South The landmark case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) would go onto solidify the Jim Crow South

Jim Crow in the South The landmark case of ________ v. ____________ (1896) would go onto solidify the Jim Crow South

Jim Crow in the South The period of racial segregation in the South began after the removal of federal troops to end Reconstruction in 1877

Jim Crow in the South The period of ________ segregation in the South began after the removal of federal troops to end Reconstruction in 1877

John Sherman (R-OH) Brother of Union Civil War hero William T. Sherman

John Sherman (R-OH) Brother of Union Civil War hero __________ T. Sherman

John Sherman (R-OH) Known for two major laws during the Harrison Administration -Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 -Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

John Sherman (R-OH) Known for two major ______ during the ____________ Administration -Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 -Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Anti-Trust Act was designed to break-up monopolies -First attempt to regulate monopolies -Specifically targeted Standard Oil -Failed to break-up monopolies as it was too vague

John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Anti-Trust Act was designed to break-up monopolies -First attempt to regulate ____________ -Specifically targeted ___________ ______ -__________ to break-up monopolies as it was too vague

John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Silver Purchase Act was designed to promote the coinage of free silver -Demanded by westerners and farmers -Would lead to problems in Cleveland's second term (1893-1897)

John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Silver Purchase Act was designed to promote the coinage of free silver -Demanded by ___________ and _____________ -Would lead to problems in Cleveland's __________ term (1893-1897)

John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Anti-Trust Act was designed to break-up monopolies -First attempt to regulate monopolies -Specifically targeted Standard Oil -Failed to break-up monopolies as it was too vague

John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman _____-_______ Act was designed to break-up monopolies -First attempt to regulate monopolies -Specifically targeted Standard Oil -Failed to break-up monopolies as it was too vague

John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Silver Purchase Act was designed to promote the coinage of free silver -Demanded by westerners and farmers -Would lead to problems in Cleveland's second term (1893-1897)

John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman ________ __________ Act was designed to promote the coinage of free silver -Demanded by westerners and farmers -Would lead to problems in Cleveland's second term (1893-1897)

Machine Politics A great example of machine politics is Democrat Boss Tweed of New York City's Tammany Hall

Machine Politics A great example of machine politics is Democrat ______ _________ of New York City's Tammany Hall

Machine Politics A political machine was an organization designed to keep a party in office or in power

Machine Politics A political machine was an organization designed to keep a party in office or in ___________

Machine Politics During the Industrial or "Gilded Age" as coined by Mark Twain, party "bosses" ran party "machines" in each major city

Machine Politics During the Industrial or "Gilded Age" as coined by Mark Twain, party "_________" ran party "___________" in each major city

Machine Politics Machine politics became known for their corruption

Machine Politics Machine politics became known for their _____________

Machine Politics The party boss of the machine did not have to be a politician, but somebody loyal to the party

Machine Politics The party boss of the machine did not have to be a ___________, but somebody loyal to the party

Mediocrity in the White House A combination of labor and political unrest beginning with the Grant Administration ushered in the Gilded Age

Mediocrity in the White House A combination of labor and political unrest beginning with the _________ Administration ushered in the Gilded Age

Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American politics Republican dominance (political party)

Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the ____ ________ in American politics ______________ dominance (political party)

Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American politics Corruption (lying, cheating, stealing)

Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American _________ _____________ (lying, cheating, stealing)

Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American politics 4 one-term presidents mediocre (def): of only moderate quality; not very good.

Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American politics 4 one-term ____________

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) An early example of a muckraker was Ida Tarbell

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) An early example of a muckraker was _____ __________

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) By the end of the Gilded Age, a new form of journalist emerged called Muckrakers

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) By the end of the Gilded Age, a new form of ____________ emerged called Muckrakers

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Muckrakers would become very prominent in the Progressive Era of the early 1900s

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Muckrakers would become very prominent in the _____________ Era of the early 1900s

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Published a series of articles in McClure's magazine exposing the monopolistic practices of Standard Oil

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Published a series of articles in McClure's magazine exposing the monopolistic practices of ____________ Oil

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Sought to expose problems associated with business and corruption in government

Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Sought to ___________ problems associated with business and corruption in government

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 1896 Supreme Court case ruled that a Louisiana railroad was not violating the civil rights of Freedmen by requiring "separate but equal" accommodations for black and white passengers

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 1896 Supreme Court case ruled that a Louisiana railroad was not violating the ________ rights of Freedmen by requiring "separate but equal" _________________ for black and white passengers

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The Court established that "separate but equal" did not violate the "equal protection of the laws" of citizenship granted to Freedmen under the 14th Amendment

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The Court established that "separate but equal" did not violate the "equal protection of the laws" of citizenship granted to Freedmen under the ___th Amendment

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The Court's ruling on Jim Crow protected racial segregation until the 1950s and 1960s

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The Court's ruling on Jim Crow ____________ racial segregation until the 1950s and 1960s

Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many problems Most of these problems will remain unresolved until the Progressive Era of the early 1900s

Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of _______________ brought forth many problems Most of these problems will remain unresolved until the ______________ Era of the early 1900s

Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many problems -No job security -Labor unrest/strikes (Read your book) -Company Towns

Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many _____________ -No job ____________ -Labor unrest/_________ (Read your book) -Company Towns

Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many problems -Women worked for unequal pay -Child labor -Immigrants worked dangerous, low paying jobs

Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many problems -___________ worked for unequal pay -_________ labor -Immigrants worked dangerous, low __________ jobs

Problems with Urban Life Immigrant children learned English through school and taught it to their parents

Problems with Urban Life Immigrant children learned English through school and taught it to their ____________

Problems with Urban Life Immigrants knew very little to no English

Problems with Urban Life Immigrants knew very little to no ___________

Problems with Urban Life In addition to discrimination, many immigrants lived in segregated, "ethnic neighborhoods" -Little Italy -Chinatown segregated (def): separated or divided along racial, sexual, or religious lines.

Problems with Urban Life In addition to discrimination, many immigrants lived in segregated "ethnic _______________" -Little Italy -Chinatown

Problems with Urban Life In terms of housing, many immigrants lived in tenements or slums, where sanitation conditions were terrible and led to the massive epidemics

Problems with Urban Life In terms of housing, many immigrants lived in ____________ or slums, where sanitation conditions were terrible and led to the massive ______________

Problems with Urban Life It was not until mid-20th century that immigrants finally began to be accepted into American culture [America became known as a] "melting pot" melting pot (def): a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc. are mixed together.

Problems with Urban Life It was not until mid-20th century that immigrants finally began to be accepted into American ___________ [America became known as] "a melting _____" melting pot (def): a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc. are mixed together.

Problems with Urban Life It was not until mid-20th century that immigrants finally began to be accepted into American culture -Italians, Germans, Poles, Jews, and Greeks became known as "white" by that time period

Problems with Urban Life It was not until mid-20th century that immigrants finally began to be accepted into American culture -Italians, Germans, Poles, Jews, and Greeks became known as "________" by that time period

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for taking American jobs

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the ____________ population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for taking American ______

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for not speaking English, and for their diverse culture Diverse (def): showing a great deal of variety; very different.

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of _____________ Locals criticized them for not speaking __________, and for their diverse culture

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Discrimination was not only limited to ethnic groups, but between immigrants as well

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Discrimination was not only limited to ethnic groups, but between ____________ as well

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for being allowed to vote in a country where they did not understand American issues

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for being allowed to _______ in a country where they did not understand American issues

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Often groups like the Germans would dominate a particular line of work and not hire any other immigrant workers

Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Often groups like the Germans would dominate a particular line of work and not ______ any other immigrant workers

Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Believed that African Americans should accept segregation but should strive to be economically self-sufficient

Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Believed that African Americans should accept _____________ but should strive to be economically self-sufficient

Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 to support Black education and trade

Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Founded the __________ Institute in 1881 to support Black education and trade

Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington His response to Jim Crow was for Black self-reliance and economic growth

Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington His response to Jim Crow was for Black _____-reliance and ___________ growth

Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Was later criticized by NAACP founder WEB Du Bois for not wanting equal rights

Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Was later criticized by NAACP founder WEB Du Bois for not wanting equal ________

Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells was the editor of the Memphis Free Speech

Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells was the _________ of the Memphis Free Speech

Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Wells was forced to relocate to the North due to death threats

Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Wells was forced to relocate to the North due to ________ threats

Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Wrote for a Black newspaper that campaigned against Jim Crow and lynching

Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Wrote for a Black newspaper that campaigned ___________ Jim Crow and lynching

The Democrats During Industrialization Opposed a pension program for GAR veterans as they considered it to be too costly pension (def): government payments to support retired veterans

The Democrats During Industrialization Opposed a __________ program for GAR veterans as they considered it to be too costly

The Democrats During Industrialization Opposed governmental interference in the economy Opposed tariff increases (import taxes) Opposed prohibition (alcohol restrictions)

The Democrats During Industrialization Opposed governmental interference in the ____________ Opposed _________ increases (import taxes) Opposed _____________ (alcohol restrictions)

The Democrats During Industrialization Supported [by voters] -in the South -in former border states -in cities with large immigrant populations like... New York, Boston, and Chicago

The Democrats During Industrialization Supported [by voters] -in the _________ -in former _________ states -in cities with large ___________ populations like... New York, Boston, and Chicago

The Election of 1896 A merger occured between the Populist Party and the Democrats prior to the 1896 election

The Election of 1896 A merger occured between the ___________Party and the Democrats prior to the 1896 election

The Election of 1896 Following Cleveland's acceptance of Morgan's bailout, the Republicans took back the majority in Congress in 1894

The Election of 1896 Following Cleveland's acceptance of Morgan's __________, the Republicans took back the ___________ in Congress in 1894

The Election of 1896 In this election, the Populist Party merged with the Democrats to nominate Bryan of Nebraska, who represented the interest of American farmers

The Election of 1896 In this election, the Populist Party merged with the Democrats to nominate _________ of Nebraska, who represented the interest of American __________

The Election of 1896 McKinley won the election convincingly due to campaign contributions from Morgan and Rockefeller and due to urban citizens realizing that the Democrats did not value industrial reform

The Election of 1896 McKinley won the election convincingly due to campaign _______________ from Morgan and Rockefeller and due to urban citizens realizing that the Democrats did not value ___________ reform

The Election of 1896 Republicans supported the gold standard

The Election of 1896 Republicans supported the ________ standard

The Election of 1896 The Democrats hurt themselves because they advocated silver, but Cleveland had tied the country closer to the gold standard

The Election of 1896 The Democrats hurt themselves because they advocated _________, but Cleveland had tied the country closer to the gold standard

The Election of 1896 The Populist Party also supported silver, but this was a problem considering it did not separate them from the Democrats

The Election of 1896 The Populist Party also supported __________, but this was a problem considering it did not separate them from the _____________

The Election of 1896 The Republicans nominated McKinley of Ohio, who supported big business and the gold standard

The Election of 1896 The Republicans nominated _____________ of Ohio, who supported ______ business and the _______ standard

The Election of 1896 With the 1896 Presidential Election approaching, the major issue was which metal would back US currency, gold or silver

The Election of 1896 With the 1896 Presidential Election approaching, the major issue was which metal would back US currency, ______ or _________

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 200 anarchists used the strike as a means to promote a violent overthrow of the government

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 200 anarchists used the strike as a means to promote a violent __________ of the government

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 8 anarchists were arrested and later executed

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 8 anarchists were arrested and later __________

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 80,000 Knights of Labor members were calling for a general strike to gain an 8-hour workday at Chicago's McCormick Harvester plant on May Day (May 4, 1886)

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 80,000 Knights of Labor members were calling for a general strike to gain an ___-hour workday at Chicago's McCormick Harvester plant on May Day (May 4, 1886)

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) At Haymarket Square, a pipe bomb was thrown into a crowd, killing 7 police officers and starting a riot

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) At Haymarket Square, a ______ ________ was thrown into a crowd, killing 7 police officers and starting a riot

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) The Knights of Labor disbanded after the incident because of a public fear that labor unions were radical and violent

The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) The Knights of Labor _____________ after the incident because of a public fear that labor unions were radical and violent

The Homestead Strike 1892 strike at Carnegie's Homestead Steel plant near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

The Homestead Strike 1892 strike at Carnegie's Homestead Steel plant near _________, Pennsylvania

The Homestead Strike A 5-month standoff occured in which the strike was broken by National Guardsmen and Pinkerton Detectives

The Homestead Strike A 5-month standoff occured in which the strike was broken by National _________ and Pinkerton __________

The Homestead Strike Caused by Carnegie manager Henry Clay Frick cutting wages by 20%

The Homestead Strike Caused by Carnegie manager Henry Clay Frick cutting wages by __%

The Homestead Strike The failure of the strike set back unionized steel labor until the New Deal of the 1930s

The Homestead Strike The failure of the strike set back unionized steel labor until the New ____ of the 1930s

The Knights of Labor Advocated for -Collective bargaining [labor contracts] -8-hour workday -End to child labor -Anti-monopoly legislation [laws]

The Knights of Labor Advocated for -Collective ___________ [labor contracts] -8-hour _________ -End to _______ labor -Anti-monopoly ___________ [laws]

The Knights of Labor By 1886, there membership reached 730,000

The Knights of Labor By 1886, there membership reached ___,___

The Knights of Labor Formed in 1869 [year] [Andrew Johnson was President}

The Knights of Labor Formed in _______ [year]

The Knights of Labor Opened membership to all workers, including African Americans

The Knights of Labor Opened membership to all workers, including __________ _____________

The Labor Movement By the 1870s, the labor movement began to organize

The Labor Movement By the 1870s, the labor _____________ began to organize

The Labor Movement Due to rising tensions and inequality created by Laissez-Faire capitalism, the working classes pushed for labor reform during the Gilded Age

The Labor Movement Due to rising tensions and inequality created by Laissez-Faire capitalism, the working classes pushed for labor _________ during the Gilded Age

The Labor Movement The need for labor reform led to the creation of the first labor unions

The Labor Movement The need for labor reform led to the creation of the first labor ________

The Need for Civil Service Reform The Garfield Assassination showcased the need for civil service reform -End the corruption of "machine politics" and the spoils system

The Need for Civil Service Reform The Garfield Assassination showcased the need for civil service __________ -End the ___________ of "machine politics" and the ________ system

The Need for Civil Service Reform The Republican Party split into two factions over civil service reform -The Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform -Led by James G. Blaine-ME Senator

The Need for Civil Service Reform The Republican Party split into ____ __________ over civil service reform -The ______-________, who supported civil service reform -Led by James G. __________-ME Senator

The Need for Civil Service Reform The Republican Party split into two factions over civil service reform -The Stalwarts, who opposed civil service reform -Led by Roscoe Conkling-NY Senator

The Need for Civil Service Reform The Republican Party split into two factions over civil service reform -The ____________, who opposed civil service reform -Led by Roscoe _____________-NY Senator

The Pullman Strike (1894) By 1900, only 3% of the working class belonged to labor unions -Cleveland's actions cemented government supporting businesses over workers

The Pullman Strike (1894) By 1900, only _% of the working class belonged to labor unions -Cleveland's actions cemented government supporting __________ over workers

The Pullman Strike (1894) President Cleveland ordered the US Army to guard mail trains and got an injunction from federal courts to end the boycott and strike -Workers and Debs were arrested for failing to comply with the injunction -Debs would go on to become more radical, forming the American Socialist Party while in prison

The Pullman Strike (1894) President Cleveland ordered the US Army to _____ mail trains and got an injunction from federal courts to end the boycott and strike -Workers and Debs were ________ for failing to comply with the injunction -Debs would go on to become more _______, forming the American Socialist Party while in prison

The Pullman Strike (1894) Railroad strike caused by George Pullman cutting wages of his workers on Pullman sleeping cars near Chicago

The Pullman Strike (1894) Railroad strike caused by George Pullman cutting _____ of his workers on Pullman sleeping cars near Chicago

The Pullman Strike (1894) Railroads responded by hooking Pullman cars to mail trains -Any tampering with federal property is a felony

The Pullman Strike (1894) Railroads responded by _______ Pullman cars to mail trains -Any tampering with federal property is a ______

The Pullman Strike (1894) The failures of the labor movement in the Gilded Age led to better reforms in the Progressive Era of the early 1900s

The Pullman Strike (1894) The failures of the labor movement in the Gilded Age led to better _______ in the Progressive Era of the early 1900s

The Pullman Strike (1894) Workers were instructed by the leader of the American Railroad Union, Eugene V. Debs to boycott trains with Pullman cars -The boycott slowed rail transportation across the country

The Pullman Strike (1894) Workers were __________ by the leader of the American Railroad Union, Eugene V. Debs to boycott trains with Pullman cars -The boycott ______ rail transportation across the country

The Republicans During Industrialization Did not support immigrants

The Republicans During Industrialization Did not support ____________

The Republicans During Industrialization Supported GAR veterans pensions

The Republicans During Industrialization Supported GAR veterans ____________

The Republicans During Industrialization Supported prohibition Prohibition (def): the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.

The Republicans During Industrialization Supported _____________

The Republicans During Industrialization Supported tariff increases (pro-American business) tarriff (def): A tax imposed by a government... on imports or exports of goods

The Republicans During Industrialization Supported tariff _________ (pro-American business)

The Republicans During Industrialization The Republicans typically "waved the bloody shirt" against the Democrats [to remind audiences of the Civil War casualties]

The Republicans During Industrialization The Republicans typically "waved the ________ ________" against the Democrats [to remind audiences of the Civil War casualties]

The Republicans During Industrialization Typically supported by [voters] -English Protestants -African-Americans

The Republicans During Industrialization Typically supported by [voters who were...] -English ____________ -__________-Americans

The Republicans During Industrialization Typically supported in rural areas of New England, Pennsylvania, and the upper Midwest

The Republicans During Industrialization Typically supported in _________ areas of New England, Pennsylvania, and the upper Midwest

The Trust Dominates American Business A Trust was a business model where an umbrella corporation controlled many smaller firms

The Trust Dominates American Business A _____ was a business model where an umbrella corporation controlled many smaller firms

The Trust Dominates American Business In his Standard Oil Trust, Rockefeller persuaded smaller firms to buy stock in his Trust

The Trust Dominates American Business In his Standard Oil Trust, Rockefeller persuaded smaller firms to buy stock in his _____

The Trust Dominates American Business Standard Oil Trust became the first monopoly in American history The need for business reform would come about by the 1890s

The Trust Dominates American Business Standard Oil Trust became the first ________ in American history The need for business ______ would come about by the 1890s

The Trust Dominates American Business The first Trust in the United States was John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust

The Trust Dominates American Business The first _____ in the United States was John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust

The Trust Dominates American Business The smaller firms benefited from making a profit, while Rockefeller controlled the entire oil industry, with little competition

The Trust Dominates American Business The smaller firms benefited from making a profit, while Rockefeller controlled the entire oil industry, with little ___________

Urbanization A byproduct of industrialization, many American cities began to urbanize rapidly after the Civil War -New York: Finance, Shipping -Pittsburgh: Steel

Urbanization A byproduct of industrialization, many American cities began to ___________ rapidly after the Civil War -New York: _________, _________ -Pittsburgh: _________

Urbanization A byproduct of industrialization, many American cities began to urbanize rapidly after the Civil War -Chicago: Meat Packing -Detroit: Automotives (early 1900s)

Urbanization A byproduct of industrialization, many American cities began to urbanize ___________ after the Civil War -Chicago: _______ Packing -Detroit: ______________ (early 1900s)

Urbanization By 1900, cities such as New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia each had over several million inhabitants

Urbanization By 1900, cities such as New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia each had over several ___________ inhabitants

Urbanization Immigrants were "Anglicized," ex. "Braun to Brown"

Urbanization Immigrants were "______________," ex. "Braun to Brown"

Urbanization Immigrants with diseases were denied citizenship, and deported back to their country of origin

Urbanization Immigrants with diseases were denied citizenship, and ____________ back to their country of origin

Urbanization In terms of population growth, the foreign-born population of the United States rose to 18 [m]illion

Urbanization In terms of population growth, the foreign-born population of the United States rose to ___ [m]illion

Urbanization Migrant workers usually came from a variety of backgrounds -Rural farmers -Poor women -Former Confederate veterans -Freedmen

Urbanization Migrant ___________ usually came from a variety of backgrounds -Rural __________ -Poor women -Former Confederate _________ -Freedmen

Urbanization Migrant workers moving to major cities came for economic opportunity [ie. to make money]

Urbanization Migrant workers moving to major cities came for ______________ opportunity [ie. to make money]

Urbanization Once naturalized, immigrants would head for the cities in search of jobs -Poles would work in coal mining -Asians would usually settle on the Pacific Coast

Urbanization Once ______________, immigrants would head for the cities in search of jobs -Poles would work in coal __________ -Asians would usually settle on the __________ Coast

Urbanization Once naturalized, immigrants would head for the cities in search of jobs -Irish and Italians would stay in New York -Germans would go to Chicago

Urbanization Once naturalized, immigrants would head for the cities in search of jobs -Irish and Italians would stay in _____ _______ -Germans would go to ___________

Urbanization Once the immigrants arrived to the United States, they would pass through inspection stations like -Ellis Island in New York harbor -Angel Island in the San Francisco Bay

Urbanization Once the immigrants arrived to the United States, they would pass through inspection stations like -________ Island in New York harbor - _________ Island in the San Francisco Bay

Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "new immigrants" These immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe -Slavs, Italians, Poles, Greeks, and Jews

Urbanization The ____________ of America's industrial labor force were the "new immigrants" These immigrants came from Southern and Eastern __________ -Slavs, Italians, Poles, Greeks, and Jews

Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "new immigrants" In addition, many Asian immigrants from China and Japan flocked to American ports

Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "______ immigrants" In addition, many Asian immigrants from ________ and _________ flocked to American ports

Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "new immigrants"

Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "new _____________"

Urbanization The period of "new immigrants" lasted from about 1871-1921 [ie. 50 years]

Urbanization The period of "new immigrants" lasted from about 18___-19___ [ie. 50 years]

Urbanization The urbanization of America can be traced to two factors: -Migrant workers -Immigrants

Urbanization The urbanization of America can be traced to two factors: -____________ workers -_______________