The Gilded Age (1865-1898)
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Elected in response to Republicans hating the Irish Catholics
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Elected in response to Republicans hating the _______ ___________
The Democrats During Industrialization Supported immigration Supported Catholics
The Democrats During Industrialization Supported ____________ Supported __________
The Knights of Labor Led by Terence Powderly
The Knights of Labor Led by Terence ____________
"The Gilded Age" Alternatively, the "Gilded Age" gave birth to a superpower that would go on to shape the 20th century
"The Gilded Age" Alternatively, the "Gilded Age" gave birth to a __________ that would go on to shape the 20th century
"The Gilded Age" Introduces the corruption of post-Civil War politics
"The Gilded Age" Introduces the ___________ of post-Civil War politics
"The Gilded Age" Period of American history after the Civil War identified by Mark Twain as the "Gilded Age"
"The Gilded Age" Period of American history after the Civil War identified by Mark Twain as the "______ _____"
"The Gilded Age" Reflects the industrial and urban buildup of a modern United States
"The Gilded Age" Reflects the __________ and _________ buildup of a modern United States
"The Gilded Age" Showcases intense class divisions in the United States in the North Native Citizens vs Immigrants Rich vs. Poor Native Citizens (def): Colonists, Pilgrims, Settlers from Northwestern Europe
"The Gilded Age" Showcases _______ class divisions in the United States in the North Native Citizens vs ___________ _______ vs. Poor
"The Gilded Age" Showcases intense class divisions in the United States in the South... Freedmen dealing with "Jim Crow" politics in the wake of Reconstruction
"The Gilded Age" Showcases _______ class divisions in the United States in the South... Freedmen dealing with "___ ____" politics in the wake of Reconstruction
"The Gilded Age" Showcases intense class divisions in the United States in the West: Native American struggles vs. the US government
"The Gilded Age" Showcases _______ class divisions in the United States in the West: _________ American struggles vs. the US ____________
"The Gilded Age" The "Gilded Age" is seen by historians as a low-point in American politics
"The Gilded Age" The "Gilded Age" is seen by historians as a ____-________ in American politics
American Federation of Labor (AFL) "AF of L" focused mainly on higher wages and improved working conditions -Less reform-minded
American Federation of Labor (AFL) "AF of L" focused mainly on higher ________ and improved working ___________ -Less reform-minded
American Federation of Labor (AFL) By 1901, membership in the AF of L reached 1 million
American Federation of Labor (AFL) By 1901, membership in the AF of L reached ___ million
American Federation of Labor (AFL) Critical success of the "AF of L" would not be attained until the 1930s
American Federation of Labor (AFL) Critical success of the "AF of L" would not be attained until the 19___s
American Federation of Labor (AFL) Founded after the collapse of the Knights of Labor by Samuel Gompers in 1886
American Federation of Labor (AFL) Founded after the ___________ of the Knights of Labor by Samuel Gompers in ______ [year]
Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 ban on all immigrants from China
Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 ban on all immigrants from ________
Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act Based strictly on xenophobic tendencies from the Western states xenophobic (def): belief that many immigrants were radicals/criminals
Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act Based strictly on ____________ tendencies from the Western states
Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act Social reformers very critical of Arthur for signing into law
Arthur: 1881-1885 Chinese Exclusion Act __________ reformers very critical of Arthur for signing into law
Arthur: 1881-1885 Ended Chinese Immigration to the US with the Chinese Exclusion Act
Arthur: 1881-1885 Ended Chinese Immigration to the US with the Chinese __________ Act
Arthur: 1881-1885 Ended political party patronage with civil service reform -Pendleton Civil Service Act
Arthur: 1881-1885 Ended political party ___________ with civil service reform -Pendleton ________ __________ Act
Arthur: 1881-1885 Modernized the American Navy
Arthur: 1881-1885 Modernized the American _________
Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Ended the spoils system
Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Ended the ______ system
Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Made government jobs merit-based rather than by political connections
Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Made government jobs _____ _____ rather than by political connections
Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Reinforced qualifications are necessary for government jobs
Arthur: 1881-1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act -Reinforced ______________ are necessary for government jobs
Arthur: 1881-1885 Questioning the high tariffs created under Republican leadership led to his denial from being re-elected in 1884
Arthur: 1881-1885 Questioning the high ___________ created under Republican leadership led to his denial from being re-elected in ________
Arthur: 1881-1885 Republican (political party)
Arthur: 1881-1885 _______________ (political party)
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Elected from large campaign contributions from American businessmen
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Elected from large ___________ contributions from American businessmen
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Increased number of GAR pensions to almost 1 million
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Increased number of GAR pensions to almost ___ million
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Increased the coinage of silver with the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Increased the coinage of silver with the Sherman _______ ___________ Act
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Passed the first billion dollar budget in US History through Congress
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Passed the first _________ dollar budget in US History through Congress
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Supported the McKinley Tariff of 1890 which raised tariff rates to all-time high (48%)
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Supported the McKinley ________ of 1890 which raised tariff rates to all-time high ( ___%)
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Supported the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Supported the Sherman _____-_______ Act
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) Republican [political party]
Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) ______________ [political party]
Birth of American Industry After the Civil War, the Northern United States experienced periods of great industrial boom due to... -Abundance of coal -Superior network of railroads
Birth of American Industry After the Civil War, the Northern United States experienced periods of great industrial ____ due to... -Abundance of ______ -Superior network of _________
Birth of American Industry After the Civil War, the Northern United States experienced periods of great industrial boom due to... -Influx of immigrant workers [and migrant workers] -Growth of cities
Birth of American Industry After the Civil War, the Northern United States experienced periods of great industrial ____ due to... -Influx of _________ __________ [and migrant workers] -Growth of _______
Birth of American Industry Industrial success soon changed American business with the advent of the "trust" -Corporations ("LLC")
Birth of American Industry Industrial success soon changed American business with the advent of the "_________" -________________ ("LLC")
Birth of American Industry Union victory in the Civil War had made the US a reflection of Hamilton's views rather than Jefferson's Industry over agriculture Federal power over state power
Birth of American Industry Union victory in the Civil War had made the US a __________ of Hamilton's views rather than Jefferson's Industry over ___________ Federal power over _______ _______
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Cleveland also supported the gold standard, which won some votes from business leaders ("Gold Bug Democrat") -Dems had historically supported silver -Largely because of farmers' support of the Dems
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Cleveland also supported the ____ standard, which won some votes from business leaders ("Gold Bug Democrat") -Dems had historically supported ______ -Largely because of farmers' support of the ____
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Cleveland won the election in a landslide due to his outcry against the McKinley Tariff
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Cleveland won the election in a _________ due to his outcry against the McKinley Tariff
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Despite a Democratic victory in the Election of 1892, the Populist Party had a strong showing to give hope in future elections
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Despite a __________ victory in the Election of 1892, the Populist Party had a strong showing to give hope in future elections
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Farmers in the South and Midwest also formed the People's Party, or Populist Party to urge the federal government to take note of the struggles of the American farmer -"Raise less corn and more Hell"
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Farmers in the _____ and _______ also formed the People's Party, or Populist Party to urge the federal government to take note of the struggles of the American farmer -"Raise less ____ and more ____"
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Grover Cleveland's second term as president was ruined due to an economic depression called the Panic of 1893
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Grover Cleveland's second term as president was ruined due to an economic depression called the _____ of 1893
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) In 1892, the Democrats regain the presidency with Grover Cleveland defeating Harrison
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) In 1892, the _________ regain the presidency with Grover Cleveland defeating Harrison
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The Democratic Party was now split in half due to Cleveland's uneasy alliance with big businesses -Notice the gold vs. silver arguement exploded
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The Democratic Party was now split in half due to Cleveland's uneasy alliance with big __________ -Notice the gold vs. silver arguement ________
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The Democrats resolved the Panic by doing two things -Cleveland got a loan of $62 million from JP Morgan to restock the nation's gold supply -Democrats in congress passed high tariffs
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The Democrats resolved the Panic by doing ___ things -Cleveland got a loan of $__ million from JP Morgan to restock the nation's gold supply -Democrats in congress passed high _______
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The violence of the Homestead Strike greatly damaged Harrison's presidency
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) The ________ of the Homestead Strike greatly damaged Harrison's presidency
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) This depression was caused by a shortage in the nation's gold supply
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) This depression was caused by a ________ in the nation's gold supply
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Under the Harrison Administration, the nation suffered great unrest on the labor front
Cleveland's Second Term (1893-1897) Under the ________ Administration, the nation suffered great unrest on the labor front
Garfield (1881) Main issue of his presidency was civil service reform -End party patronage/corruption -Sought to end the spoils system spoils system (def): supporters lavished with promises of positions [in Government] in return for political support
Garfield (1881) Main issue of his presidency was civil service __________ -End party patronage/____________ -Sought to end the _______ system
Garfield (1881) Presidency only lasted 200 days in 1881 after he was assassinated by Charles Guiteau
Garfield (1881) Presidency only lasted ______ days in 1881 after he was ______________ by Charles Guiteau
Garfield (1881) Civil War veteran
Garfield (1881) ________ War veteran
Garfield (1881) Chester A. Arthur succeeds him as President
Garfield (1881) _________ __. __________ succeeds him as President
Garfield (1881) Republican [political party]
Garfield (1881) _______________ [political party]
Grant: 1869-1877 Major accomplishment was the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad
Grant: 1869-1877 Major accomplishment was the construction of the ________________ Railroad
Grant: 1869-1877 Two major scandals -Credit Mobilier -Whiskey Ring
Grant: 1869-1877 Two major __________ -Credit Mobilier -Whiskey Ring
Grant: 1869-1877 Republican (political party) Only two-term president of the Gilded Age
Grant: 1869-1877 _____________ (political party) Only _____-term president of the _________ Age
Grant: 1869-1877 Reconstruction dominated his presidency
Grant: 1869-1877 __________________ dominated his presidency
Grant: Credit Mobilier A fake holding company credit by the railroad heads building the Transcontinental Railroad
Grant: Credit Mobilier A ________ holding company credit by the railroad heads building the _________________ Railroad
Grant: Credit Mobilier Leads the US into the Panic of 1873
Grant: Credit Mobilier Leads the US into the ______ of 1873
Grant: Credit Mobilier Railroad executives only spent $50 million to build the railroad, but billed the federal government $94 million
Grant: Credit Mobilier Railroad executives only spent $50 million to build the railroad, but billed the federal government $_____ million
Grant: Credit Mobilier Railroad officials bribed Congressmen in excess of $9 million to support the fraud
Grant: Credit Mobilier Railroad officials bribed _____________ in excess of $9 million to support the fraud
Grant: Credit Mobilier The company received land grants from the Grant Administration -Contracts to build the railroad -Paid for each mile of track laid
Grant: Credit Mobilier The company received ______ grants from the Grant Administration -Contracts to _______ the railroad -Paid for each ______ of track laid
Grant: Whiskey Ring Although Grant was not involved himself, this scandal signified corruption under his administration
Grant: Whiskey Ring Although Grant was not involved himself, this scandal signified ____________ under his administration
Grant: Whiskey Ring Members of Grant's cabinet accepted bribes from Whiskey distillers to avoid paying federal taxes
Grant: Whiskey Ring Members of Grant's cabinet accepted ________ from Whiskey distillers to avoid paying federal ________
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Did not SUPPORT government intervention in economic affairs
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Did not SUPPORT government intervention in ____________ affairs
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) First Democrat to be President since 1856 (ie. James Buchanan)
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) First _____________ to be President since 1856 (ie. James Buchanan)
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) OPPOSED prohibition [alcohol restrictions]
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) OPPOSED ____________ [alcohol restrictions]
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) OPPOSED veteran's pensions
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) OPPOSED veteran's _____________
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Only president to serve non-sequential terms, 1885-1889 and 1893-1897 non-sequential (def): not back-to-back, non-consecutive
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Only president to serve _____-___________ terms, 1885-1889 and 1893-1897
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Responsible for a financial panic in his second term
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Responsible for a ___________ panic in his second term
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) SUPPORTED tariff reforms
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) SUPPORTED tariff ___________
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Saw the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act and the Haymarket Square Riot in his first term
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) Saw the passage of the __________ __________ Act and the Haymarket Square _______ in his first term
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Created the first regulatory agency called the Interstate Commerce Commission
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Created the first regulatory __________ called the Interstate Commerce Commission
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Increased the government's regulatory powers -Increases federal power yet again -First time since the Civil War
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Increased the government's regulatory powers -_____________ federal power yet again -First time since the ________ War
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Issued to create fair rates for rail travel between the states
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Issued to create fair _____ for rail travel between the states
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) The first attempt of the federal government to regulate trade between the states
Grover Cleveland (1885-89) (1893-97) The Interstate Commerce Act (1886) The first attempt of the federal government to ___________ trade between the states
Hayes: 1877-1881 Attempted to create "honest government" in the wake of the scandals under Grant
Hayes: 1877-1881 Attempted to create "____________ government" in the wake of the scandals under Grant
Hayes: 1877-1881 First instance of labor violence after the Civil War -Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Hayes: 1877-1881 First instance of labor ____________ after the Civil War -Great _____________ Strike of _______ [year]
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Hayes called in federal troops to break-up the strike resulting in the deaths of 100 people
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Hayes called in federal troops to break-up the strike resulting in the deaths of _____ people
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Railroad workers were joined by an additional 500,000 in the strike
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Railroad workers were joined by an additional ____________ in the strike
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Showcased the need for labor and industrial reform brought on by no government regulation
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Showcased the need for labor and industrial ___________ brought on by NO government regulation
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Shut down ⅔ of the country's rail trackage
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -Shut down _____ of the country's rail trackage
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages to reduce costs, resulting in a strike across 11 states
Hayes: 1877-1881 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 -The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages to reduce costs, resulting in a ___________ across 11 states
Hayes: 1877-1881 His election ended Reconstruction with the Compromise of 1877
Hayes: 1877-1881 His election ended _________________ with the Compromise of ______
Hayes: 1877-1881 Supported prohibition [anti-alcohol]
Hayes: 1877-1881 Supported ______________ [anti-alcohol]
Hayes: 1877-1881 Republican [political party]
Hayes: 1877-1881 ________________ [political party]
Homestead Act Also led to continued problems with Native Americans
Homestead Act Also led to continued ___________ with Native Americans
Homestead Act Another aspect of the Gilded Age was the continued development of the West, made possible by the Transcontinental Railroad and the Homestead Act
Homestead Act Another aspect of the Gilded Age was the continued development of the ____, made possible by the ________________ Railroad and the Homestead Act
Homestead Act Another aspect of the Gilded Age was the continued development of the West, made possible by the Transcontinental Railroad and the Homestead Act The Homestead Act was created by Lincoln in 1862 Encouraged citizens to move West and settle lands for farming Cheap rates (land was free if settled for 7 years) Completed the goals of Manifest Destiny Also led to continued problems with Native Americans
Homestead Act Another aspect of the Gilded Age was the continued development of the ____, made possible by the ________________ Railroad and the Homestead Act The Homestead Act was created by _______ in 1862 Encouraged citizens to move West and settle lands for _______ Cheap rates (land was free if settled for 7 _____) _________ the goals of Manifest Destiny Also led to continued ________ with Native Americans
Homestead Act Cheap rates (land was free if settled for 7 years)
Homestead Act Cheap rates (land was free if settled for ___ years)
Homestead Act Encouraged citizens to move West and settle lands for farming
Homestead Act Encouraged citizens to move West and settle lands for _________
Homestead Act Completed the goals of Manifest Destiny
Homestead Act ___________ the goals of Manifest Destiny
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were struggling with the demands of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in ____________ Both parties were ____________ with the demands of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties also disagreed over the use of pensions to support Union army veterans
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties also disagreed over the use of ____________ to support Union army veterans
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties embraced the idea of laissez-faire economics Laissez-Faire Economics (def): Belief that government should promote economic development, but not regulate industry
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties embraced the idea of _______-_________ economics Laissez-Faire Economics (def): Belief that government should promote economic _______________, but not regulate industry
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties embraced the idea of laissez-faire economics
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties embraced the idea of laissez-faire _____________
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were plagued with economic depressions
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were plagued with economic ______________
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were subjected to "machine politics" and "party bosses" like NYC's Democratic Boss Tweed
Industrialization's Effect on American Politics The years after the Civil War and Reconstruction Period demonstrated a new shift in politics Both parties were subjected to "machine __________" and "party _________" like NYC's Democratic Boss Tweed
Jim Crow in the South By the 1880s, the Supreme Court began to rule against the civil rights of Freedmen
Jim Crow in the South By the 1880s, the _________ Court began to rule against the ______ rights of Freedmen
Jim Crow in the South Congress could not legislate against racial discrimination of private citizens and businesses, including railroads and hotels
Jim Crow in the South Congress could not legislate against _______ discrimination of private citizens and businesses, including railroads and hotels
Jim Crow in the South Lynching and discrimination/intimidation tactics were used to keep Freedmen from voting the Republican ticket
Jim Crow in the South Lynching and discrimination/intimidation tactics were used to keep Freedmen from ________ the Republican ticket
Jim Crow in the South The landmark case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) would go onto solidify the Jim Crow South
Jim Crow in the South The landmark case of ________ v. ____________ (1896) would go onto solidify the Jim Crow South
Jim Crow in the South The period of racial segregation in the South began after the removal of federal troops to end Reconstruction in 1877
Jim Crow in the South The period of ________ segregation in the South began after the removal of federal troops to end Reconstruction in 1877
John Sherman (R-OH) Brother of Union Civil War hero William T. Sherman
John Sherman (R-OH) Brother of Union Civil War hero __________ T. Sherman
John Sherman (R-OH) Known for two major laws during the Harrison Administration -Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 -Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
John Sherman (R-OH) Known for two major ______ during the ____________ Administration -Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 -Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Anti-Trust Act was designed to break-up monopolies -First attempt to regulate monopolies -Specifically targeted Standard Oil -Failed to break-up monopolies as it was too vague
John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Anti-Trust Act was designed to break-up monopolies -First attempt to regulate ____________ -Specifically targeted ___________ ______ -__________ to break-up monopolies as it was too vague
John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Silver Purchase Act was designed to promote the coinage of free silver -Demanded by westerners and farmers -Would lead to problems in Cleveland's second term (1893-1897)
John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Silver Purchase Act was designed to promote the coinage of free silver -Demanded by ___________ and _____________ -Would lead to problems in Cleveland's __________ term (1893-1897)
John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Anti-Trust Act was designed to break-up monopolies -First attempt to regulate monopolies -Specifically targeted Standard Oil -Failed to break-up monopolies as it was too vague
John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman _____-_______ Act was designed to break-up monopolies -First attempt to regulate monopolies -Specifically targeted Standard Oil -Failed to break-up monopolies as it was too vague
John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman Silver Purchase Act was designed to promote the coinage of free silver -Demanded by westerners and farmers -Would lead to problems in Cleveland's second term (1893-1897)
John Sherman (R-OH) Sherman ________ __________ Act was designed to promote the coinage of free silver -Demanded by westerners and farmers -Would lead to problems in Cleveland's second term (1893-1897)
Machine Politics A great example of machine politics is Democrat Boss Tweed of New York City's Tammany Hall
Machine Politics A great example of machine politics is Democrat ______ _________ of New York City's Tammany Hall
Machine Politics A political machine was an organization designed to keep a party in office or in power
Machine Politics A political machine was an organization designed to keep a party in office or in ___________
Machine Politics During the Industrial or "Gilded Age" as coined by Mark Twain, party "bosses" ran party "machines" in each major city
Machine Politics During the Industrial or "Gilded Age" as coined by Mark Twain, party "_________" ran party "___________" in each major city
Machine Politics Machine politics became known for their corruption
Machine Politics Machine politics became known for their _____________
Machine Politics The party boss of the machine did not have to be a politician, but somebody loyal to the party
Machine Politics The party boss of the machine did not have to be a ___________, but somebody loyal to the party
Mediocrity in the White House A combination of labor and political unrest beginning with the Grant Administration ushered in the Gilded Age
Mediocrity in the White House A combination of labor and political unrest beginning with the _________ Administration ushered in the Gilded Age
Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American politics Republican dominance (political party)
Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the ____ ________ in American politics ______________ dominance (political party)
Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American politics Corruption (lying, cheating, stealing)
Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American _________ _____________ (lying, cheating, stealing)
Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American politics 4 one-term presidents mediocre (def): of only moderate quality; not very good.
Mediocrity in the White House The Gilded Age marked the low point in American politics 4 one-term ____________
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) An early example of a muckraker was Ida Tarbell
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) An early example of a muckraker was _____ __________
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) By the end of the Gilded Age, a new form of journalist emerged called Muckrakers
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) By the end of the Gilded Age, a new form of ____________ emerged called Muckrakers
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Muckrakers would become very prominent in the Progressive Era of the early 1900s
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Muckrakers would become very prominent in the _____________ Era of the early 1900s
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Published a series of articles in McClure's magazine exposing the monopolistic practices of Standard Oil
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Published a series of articles in McClure's magazine exposing the monopolistic practices of ____________ Oil
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Sought to expose problems associated with business and corruption in government
Muckrakers (muhk-ray-krz) Sought to ___________ problems associated with business and corruption in government
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 1896 Supreme Court case ruled that a Louisiana railroad was not violating the civil rights of Freedmen by requiring "separate but equal" accommodations for black and white passengers
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 1896 Supreme Court case ruled that a Louisiana railroad was not violating the ________ rights of Freedmen by requiring "separate but equal" _________________ for black and white passengers
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The Court established that "separate but equal" did not violate the "equal protection of the laws" of citizenship granted to Freedmen under the 14th Amendment
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The Court established that "separate but equal" did not violate the "equal protection of the laws" of citizenship granted to Freedmen under the ___th Amendment
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The Court's ruling on Jim Crow protected racial segregation until the 1950s and 1960s
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The Court's ruling on Jim Crow ____________ racial segregation until the 1950s and 1960s
Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many problems Most of these problems will remain unresolved until the Progressive Era of the early 1900s
Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of _______________ brought forth many problems Most of these problems will remain unresolved until the ______________ Era of the early 1900s
Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many problems -No job security -Labor unrest/strikes (Read your book) -Company Towns
Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many _____________ -No job ____________ -Labor unrest/_________ (Read your book) -Company Towns
Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many problems -Women worked for unequal pay -Child labor -Immigrants worked dangerous, low paying jobs
Problems with Industrialization Despite the industrial success and strength of the United States, the period of industrialization brought forth many problems -___________ worked for unequal pay -_________ labor -Immigrants worked dangerous, low __________ jobs
Problems with Urban Life Immigrant children learned English through school and taught it to their parents
Problems with Urban Life Immigrant children learned English through school and taught it to their ____________
Problems with Urban Life Immigrants knew very little to no English
Problems with Urban Life Immigrants knew very little to no ___________
Problems with Urban Life In addition to discrimination, many immigrants lived in segregated, "ethnic neighborhoods" -Little Italy -Chinatown segregated (def): separated or divided along racial, sexual, or religious lines.
Problems with Urban Life In addition to discrimination, many immigrants lived in segregated "ethnic _______________" -Little Italy -Chinatown
Problems with Urban Life In terms of housing, many immigrants lived in tenements or slums, where sanitation conditions were terrible and led to the massive epidemics
Problems with Urban Life In terms of housing, many immigrants lived in ____________ or slums, where sanitation conditions were terrible and led to the massive ______________
Problems with Urban Life It was not until mid-20th century that immigrants finally began to be accepted into American culture [America became known as a] "melting pot" melting pot (def): a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc. are mixed together.
Problems with Urban Life It was not until mid-20th century that immigrants finally began to be accepted into American ___________ [America became known as] "a melting _____" melting pot (def): a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc. are mixed together.
Problems with Urban Life It was not until mid-20th century that immigrants finally began to be accepted into American culture -Italians, Germans, Poles, Jews, and Greeks became known as "white" by that time period
Problems with Urban Life It was not until mid-20th century that immigrants finally began to be accepted into American culture -Italians, Germans, Poles, Jews, and Greeks became known as "________" by that time period
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for taking American jobs
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the ____________ population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for taking American ______
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for not speaking English, and for their diverse culture Diverse (def): showing a great deal of variety; very different.
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of _____________ Locals criticized them for not speaking __________, and for their diverse culture
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Discrimination was not only limited to ethnic groups, but between immigrants as well
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Discrimination was not only limited to ethnic groups, but between ____________ as well
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for being allowed to vote in a country where they did not understand American issues
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Locals criticized them for being allowed to _______ in a country where they did not understand American issues
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Often groups like the Germans would dominate a particular line of work and not hire any other immigrant workers
Problems with Urban Life Once settled in a city, the immigrant population experienced massive amounts of discrimination Often groups like the Germans would dominate a particular line of work and not ______ any other immigrant workers
Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Believed that African Americans should accept segregation but should strive to be economically self-sufficient
Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Believed that African Americans should accept _____________ but should strive to be economically self-sufficient
Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 to support Black education and trade
Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Founded the __________ Institute in 1881 to support Black education and trade
Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington His response to Jim Crow was for Black self-reliance and economic growth
Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington His response to Jim Crow was for Black _____-reliance and ___________ growth
Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Was later criticized by NAACP founder WEB Du Bois for not wanting equal rights
Responses to Segregation Booker T. Washington Was later criticized by NAACP founder WEB Du Bois for not wanting equal ________
Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells was the editor of the Memphis Free Speech
Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells was the _________ of the Memphis Free Speech
Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Wells was forced to relocate to the North due to death threats
Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Wells was forced to relocate to the North due to ________ threats
Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Wrote for a Black newspaper that campaigned against Jim Crow and lynching
Responses to Segregation Ida B. Wells Wrote for a Black newspaper that campaigned ___________ Jim Crow and lynching
The Democrats During Industrialization Opposed a pension program for GAR veterans as they considered it to be too costly pension (def): government payments to support retired veterans
The Democrats During Industrialization Opposed a __________ program for GAR veterans as they considered it to be too costly
The Democrats During Industrialization Opposed governmental interference in the economy Opposed tariff increases (import taxes) Opposed prohibition (alcohol restrictions)
The Democrats During Industrialization Opposed governmental interference in the ____________ Opposed _________ increases (import taxes) Opposed _____________ (alcohol restrictions)
The Democrats During Industrialization Supported [by voters] -in the South -in former border states -in cities with large immigrant populations like... New York, Boston, and Chicago
The Democrats During Industrialization Supported [by voters] -in the _________ -in former _________ states -in cities with large ___________ populations like... New York, Boston, and Chicago
The Election of 1896 A merger occured between the Populist Party and the Democrats prior to the 1896 election
The Election of 1896 A merger occured between the ___________Party and the Democrats prior to the 1896 election
The Election of 1896 Following Cleveland's acceptance of Morgan's bailout, the Republicans took back the majority in Congress in 1894
The Election of 1896 Following Cleveland's acceptance of Morgan's __________, the Republicans took back the ___________ in Congress in 1894
The Election of 1896 In this election, the Populist Party merged with the Democrats to nominate Bryan of Nebraska, who represented the interest of American farmers
The Election of 1896 In this election, the Populist Party merged with the Democrats to nominate _________ of Nebraska, who represented the interest of American __________
The Election of 1896 McKinley won the election convincingly due to campaign contributions from Morgan and Rockefeller and due to urban citizens realizing that the Democrats did not value industrial reform
The Election of 1896 McKinley won the election convincingly due to campaign _______________ from Morgan and Rockefeller and due to urban citizens realizing that the Democrats did not value ___________ reform
The Election of 1896 Republicans supported the gold standard
The Election of 1896 Republicans supported the ________ standard
The Election of 1896 The Democrats hurt themselves because they advocated silver, but Cleveland had tied the country closer to the gold standard
The Election of 1896 The Democrats hurt themselves because they advocated _________, but Cleveland had tied the country closer to the gold standard
The Election of 1896 The Populist Party also supported silver, but this was a problem considering it did not separate them from the Democrats
The Election of 1896 The Populist Party also supported __________, but this was a problem considering it did not separate them from the _____________
The Election of 1896 The Republicans nominated McKinley of Ohio, who supported big business and the gold standard
The Election of 1896 The Republicans nominated _____________ of Ohio, who supported ______ business and the _______ standard
The Election of 1896 With the 1896 Presidential Election approaching, the major issue was which metal would back US currency, gold or silver
The Election of 1896 With the 1896 Presidential Election approaching, the major issue was which metal would back US currency, ______ or _________
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 200 anarchists used the strike as a means to promote a violent overthrow of the government
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 200 anarchists used the strike as a means to promote a violent __________ of the government
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 8 anarchists were arrested and later executed
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 8 anarchists were arrested and later __________
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 80,000 Knights of Labor members were calling for a general strike to gain an 8-hour workday at Chicago's McCormick Harvester plant on May Day (May 4, 1886)
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) 80,000 Knights of Labor members were calling for a general strike to gain an ___-hour workday at Chicago's McCormick Harvester plant on May Day (May 4, 1886)
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) At Haymarket Square, a pipe bomb was thrown into a crowd, killing 7 police officers and starting a riot
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) At Haymarket Square, a ______ ________ was thrown into a crowd, killing 7 police officers and starting a riot
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) The Knights of Labor disbanded after the incident because of a public fear that labor unions were radical and violent
The Haymarket Square Riot (May 1886) The Knights of Labor _____________ after the incident because of a public fear that labor unions were radical and violent
The Homestead Strike 1892 strike at Carnegie's Homestead Steel plant near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
The Homestead Strike 1892 strike at Carnegie's Homestead Steel plant near _________, Pennsylvania
The Homestead Strike A 5-month standoff occured in which the strike was broken by National Guardsmen and Pinkerton Detectives
The Homestead Strike A 5-month standoff occured in which the strike was broken by National _________ and Pinkerton __________
The Homestead Strike Caused by Carnegie manager Henry Clay Frick cutting wages by 20%
The Homestead Strike Caused by Carnegie manager Henry Clay Frick cutting wages by __%
The Homestead Strike The failure of the strike set back unionized steel labor until the New Deal of the 1930s
The Homestead Strike The failure of the strike set back unionized steel labor until the New ____ of the 1930s
The Knights of Labor Advocated for -Collective bargaining [labor contracts] -8-hour workday -End to child labor -Anti-monopoly legislation [laws]
The Knights of Labor Advocated for -Collective ___________ [labor contracts] -8-hour _________ -End to _______ labor -Anti-monopoly ___________ [laws]
The Knights of Labor By 1886, there membership reached 730,000
The Knights of Labor By 1886, there membership reached ___,___
The Knights of Labor Formed in 1869 [year] [Andrew Johnson was President}
The Knights of Labor Formed in _______ [year]
The Knights of Labor Opened membership to all workers, including African Americans
The Knights of Labor Opened membership to all workers, including __________ _____________
The Labor Movement By the 1870s, the labor movement began to organize
The Labor Movement By the 1870s, the labor _____________ began to organize
The Labor Movement Due to rising tensions and inequality created by Laissez-Faire capitalism, the working classes pushed for labor reform during the Gilded Age
The Labor Movement Due to rising tensions and inequality created by Laissez-Faire capitalism, the working classes pushed for labor _________ during the Gilded Age
The Labor Movement The need for labor reform led to the creation of the first labor unions
The Labor Movement The need for labor reform led to the creation of the first labor ________
The Need for Civil Service Reform The Garfield Assassination showcased the need for civil service reform -End the corruption of "machine politics" and the spoils system
The Need for Civil Service Reform The Garfield Assassination showcased the need for civil service __________ -End the ___________ of "machine politics" and the ________ system
The Need for Civil Service Reform The Republican Party split into two factions over civil service reform -The Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform -Led by James G. Blaine-ME Senator
The Need for Civil Service Reform The Republican Party split into ____ __________ over civil service reform -The ______-________, who supported civil service reform -Led by James G. __________-ME Senator
The Need for Civil Service Reform The Republican Party split into two factions over civil service reform -The Stalwarts, who opposed civil service reform -Led by Roscoe Conkling-NY Senator
The Need for Civil Service Reform The Republican Party split into two factions over civil service reform -The ____________, who opposed civil service reform -Led by Roscoe _____________-NY Senator
The Pullman Strike (1894) By 1900, only 3% of the working class belonged to labor unions -Cleveland's actions cemented government supporting businesses over workers
The Pullman Strike (1894) By 1900, only _% of the working class belonged to labor unions -Cleveland's actions cemented government supporting __________ over workers
The Pullman Strike (1894) President Cleveland ordered the US Army to guard mail trains and got an injunction from federal courts to end the boycott and strike -Workers and Debs were arrested for failing to comply with the injunction -Debs would go on to become more radical, forming the American Socialist Party while in prison
The Pullman Strike (1894) President Cleveland ordered the US Army to _____ mail trains and got an injunction from federal courts to end the boycott and strike -Workers and Debs were ________ for failing to comply with the injunction -Debs would go on to become more _______, forming the American Socialist Party while in prison
The Pullman Strike (1894) Railroad strike caused by George Pullman cutting wages of his workers on Pullman sleeping cars near Chicago
The Pullman Strike (1894) Railroad strike caused by George Pullman cutting _____ of his workers on Pullman sleeping cars near Chicago
The Pullman Strike (1894) Railroads responded by hooking Pullman cars to mail trains -Any tampering with federal property is a felony
The Pullman Strike (1894) Railroads responded by _______ Pullman cars to mail trains -Any tampering with federal property is a ______
The Pullman Strike (1894) The failures of the labor movement in the Gilded Age led to better reforms in the Progressive Era of the early 1900s
The Pullman Strike (1894) The failures of the labor movement in the Gilded Age led to better _______ in the Progressive Era of the early 1900s
The Pullman Strike (1894) Workers were instructed by the leader of the American Railroad Union, Eugene V. Debs to boycott trains with Pullman cars -The boycott slowed rail transportation across the country
The Pullman Strike (1894) Workers were __________ by the leader of the American Railroad Union, Eugene V. Debs to boycott trains with Pullman cars -The boycott ______ rail transportation across the country
The Republicans During Industrialization Did not support immigrants
The Republicans During Industrialization Did not support ____________
The Republicans During Industrialization Supported GAR veterans pensions
The Republicans During Industrialization Supported GAR veterans ____________
The Republicans During Industrialization Supported prohibition Prohibition (def): the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.
The Republicans During Industrialization Supported _____________
The Republicans During Industrialization Supported tariff increases (pro-American business) tarriff (def): A tax imposed by a government... on imports or exports of goods
The Republicans During Industrialization Supported tariff _________ (pro-American business)
The Republicans During Industrialization The Republicans typically "waved the bloody shirt" against the Democrats [to remind audiences of the Civil War casualties]
The Republicans During Industrialization The Republicans typically "waved the ________ ________" against the Democrats [to remind audiences of the Civil War casualties]
The Republicans During Industrialization Typically supported by [voters] -English Protestants -African-Americans
The Republicans During Industrialization Typically supported by [voters who were...] -English ____________ -__________-Americans
The Republicans During Industrialization Typically supported in rural areas of New England, Pennsylvania, and the upper Midwest
The Republicans During Industrialization Typically supported in _________ areas of New England, Pennsylvania, and the upper Midwest
The Trust Dominates American Business A Trust was a business model where an umbrella corporation controlled many smaller firms
The Trust Dominates American Business A _____ was a business model where an umbrella corporation controlled many smaller firms
The Trust Dominates American Business In his Standard Oil Trust, Rockefeller persuaded smaller firms to buy stock in his Trust
The Trust Dominates American Business In his Standard Oil Trust, Rockefeller persuaded smaller firms to buy stock in his _____
The Trust Dominates American Business Standard Oil Trust became the first monopoly in American history The need for business reform would come about by the 1890s
The Trust Dominates American Business Standard Oil Trust became the first ________ in American history The need for business ______ would come about by the 1890s
The Trust Dominates American Business The first Trust in the United States was John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust
The Trust Dominates American Business The first _____ in the United States was John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust
The Trust Dominates American Business The smaller firms benefited from making a profit, while Rockefeller controlled the entire oil industry, with little competition
The Trust Dominates American Business The smaller firms benefited from making a profit, while Rockefeller controlled the entire oil industry, with little ___________
Urbanization A byproduct of industrialization, many American cities began to urbanize rapidly after the Civil War -New York: Finance, Shipping -Pittsburgh: Steel
Urbanization A byproduct of industrialization, many American cities began to ___________ rapidly after the Civil War -New York: _________, _________ -Pittsburgh: _________
Urbanization A byproduct of industrialization, many American cities began to urbanize rapidly after the Civil War -Chicago: Meat Packing -Detroit: Automotives (early 1900s)
Urbanization A byproduct of industrialization, many American cities began to urbanize ___________ after the Civil War -Chicago: _______ Packing -Detroit: ______________ (early 1900s)
Urbanization By 1900, cities such as New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia each had over several million inhabitants
Urbanization By 1900, cities such as New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia each had over several ___________ inhabitants
Urbanization Immigrants were "Anglicized," ex. "Braun to Brown"
Urbanization Immigrants were "______________," ex. "Braun to Brown"
Urbanization Immigrants with diseases were denied citizenship, and deported back to their country of origin
Urbanization Immigrants with diseases were denied citizenship, and ____________ back to their country of origin
Urbanization In terms of population growth, the foreign-born population of the United States rose to 18 [m]illion
Urbanization In terms of population growth, the foreign-born population of the United States rose to ___ [m]illion
Urbanization Migrant workers usually came from a variety of backgrounds -Rural farmers -Poor women -Former Confederate veterans -Freedmen
Urbanization Migrant ___________ usually came from a variety of backgrounds -Rural __________ -Poor women -Former Confederate _________ -Freedmen
Urbanization Migrant workers moving to major cities came for economic opportunity [ie. to make money]
Urbanization Migrant workers moving to major cities came for ______________ opportunity [ie. to make money]
Urbanization Once naturalized, immigrants would head for the cities in search of jobs -Poles would work in coal mining -Asians would usually settle on the Pacific Coast
Urbanization Once ______________, immigrants would head for the cities in search of jobs -Poles would work in coal __________ -Asians would usually settle on the __________ Coast
Urbanization Once naturalized, immigrants would head for the cities in search of jobs -Irish and Italians would stay in New York -Germans would go to Chicago
Urbanization Once naturalized, immigrants would head for the cities in search of jobs -Irish and Italians would stay in _____ _______ -Germans would go to ___________
Urbanization Once the immigrants arrived to the United States, they would pass through inspection stations like -Ellis Island in New York harbor -Angel Island in the San Francisco Bay
Urbanization Once the immigrants arrived to the United States, they would pass through inspection stations like -________ Island in New York harbor - _________ Island in the San Francisco Bay
Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "new immigrants" These immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe -Slavs, Italians, Poles, Greeks, and Jews
Urbanization The ____________ of America's industrial labor force were the "new immigrants" These immigrants came from Southern and Eastern __________ -Slavs, Italians, Poles, Greeks, and Jews
Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "new immigrants" In addition, many Asian immigrants from China and Japan flocked to American ports
Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "______ immigrants" In addition, many Asian immigrants from ________ and _________ flocked to American ports
Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "new immigrants"
Urbanization The backbone of America's industrial labor force were the "new _____________"
Urbanization The period of "new immigrants" lasted from about 1871-1921 [ie. 50 years]
Urbanization The period of "new immigrants" lasted from about 18___-19___ [ie. 50 years]
Urbanization The urbanization of America can be traced to two factors: -Migrant workers -Immigrants
Urbanization The urbanization of America can be traced to two factors: -____________ workers -_______________