THE NERVOUS SYSTEM- ATI TEAS NOTES
the ANS controls the functions of what parts of the body?
- internal organs - blood vessels - smooth muscle tissues - glands
Function of dendrites
receive impulses from interneurons and transmits them toward the cell body.
The simplest nerve pathway that bypasses the brain and is controlled by the spinal cord
reflex arc
Involuntary movements known as ___________ _________, are performed by the somatic nervous system
reflex arcs
The brain stem is an important part of which three body system functions?
respiratory, digestive and circulatory
The two divisions of the ANS:
sympathetic and parasympathetic
the axon terminates at the
synapse
What are the parts of the midbrain?
tectum, tegmentum and the ventral tegmentum
Auditory input, processing and output are all controlled by the _________ lobe of the brain
temporal lobes
The brain receives and sends messages to and from the body through what part?
the brain stem
What part of the brain is connected to the spinal cord?
the brain stem
a think layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum is called
the cerebral cortex
The Somatic Nervous system (SNS) controls two main things
the five senses, and the voluntary movement of skeletal muscle.
The piece of the brain stem that connects the spinal cord to the brain.
the medulla, or medulla oblongata
A reflex is:
the simplest act of the nervous system, and is an automatic response without any conscious thought to a stimulus via the reflex arc
What is the main function of the ANS
to maintain homeostasis within the body
Function of interneurons:
transmit signals between neurons
function of the axon on a neuron
transmits the impulses away from the cell body
How many hemispheres is the brain divided into?
two
The midbrain is an important part of _______ and ________
vision and hearing
The medulla plays an important part with the ________ Nervous System in the circulatory and respiratory systems.
Autonomic
Function of the Efferent (motor) nerves
Bring signals from the CNS to the sensory organs and the muscles
Sensory neurons transmit signals to the _________ from the sensory receptors associated with :
Central nervous system (CNS) pain, touch, temperature, hearing, sight, smell and taste
What part of the brain is important in processing and storing of implicit memories that are developed during classical conditioning techniques.
Cerebellum
The point of contact between neurons in order to deliver messages, is called:
Chemical synapse
the Somatic nervous system includes two types of nerves that are connected to the sense organs and help operate the senses and the movement of skeletal muscle. These are:
Efferent (motor) nerves Afferent (sensory) nerves
The area of the brain that controls the ANS through the brain stem is called
Hypothalamus
From the cerebrum, information is sent across the _________ to the medulla and cerebellum.
PONS
This lobe is located slightly toward the back of the brain and top of the head. It is responsible for: - sensory input - spatial positioning of the body
Parietal lobe
The parasympathetic nervous system functions:
Reverses the effects of the SNS. - decreases heart rate - signals the adrenal glands to stop secreting adrenaline - constricts pupils - returns digestion to normal
Three types of neurons:
Sensory, motor and interneurons
The ______________ nervous system controls the body's reaction to extreme, stressful, and emergency situations.
Sympathetic
Fight or Flight Response is controlled by the
Sympathetic nervous system
The cell body of a neuron (Also known as:_________) contains
The cell body, or soma, contains the nucleus
True or false? muscles are also known as effectors
True
Messages are sent across the plasma membrane of neurons through a process known as
action potential
The three main parts of a neuron:
axon, cell body, and many dendrites
The Central Nervous System has two primary components:
brain and spinal cord
Function of the Afferent (sensory) nerves:
bring signals from the sensory organs and the muscles to the CNS.
Explain how Motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to the rest of the body:
by signaling muscles or glands to respond
The forebrain is made up of the
cerebrum, thalamus, and the hypothalamus
How many lobes is the brain divided into?
four
this lobe is responsible for: - short term and working memory - information processing - devision making, planning, and judgement
frontal lobe
Homeostasis, through the hypothalamus's directions for the ANS, is maintained by regulating what factors:
heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature, and blood pH
the medulla oblongata, cerebellum and pons make up the
hindbrain
The brain consists of 3 main parts:
hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain
Sympathetic nervous system specifically alters what?
increases heart rate, secretes adrenaline, dilates the pupils, and slows digestion
The function of the midbrain
integrates sensory signals and stimulates responses to these signals
The spinal cord functions mainly to aid in
limb movement and internal organ activity
The hindbrain includes three parts:
medulla oblongata, cerebellum and pons
The medulla oblongata is also knows as the __________ and lies beneath what two parts of the brain?
medulla; - midbrain and the pons
The pons lies between __________ and the _______
midbrain and the medulla oblongata
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata
The axon is insulated by the
myelin sheath
Nervous cells are called
neurons
the gaps between the myelin sheath that is on top of the axon on a neuron are called?
nodes of ranvier
the nerves from the eyes enter directly into the __________ lobe
occipital
The midbrain lies above what two parts?
pons and medulla oblongata
What are the four lobes of the brain called
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and the temporal lobes
what is the function of the nervous system?
Known as the communication center of the body, it senses, interprets and issues commands as a response to external conditions.
This lobe is located just above the brain stem and it is responsible for - visual input, processing and output
Occipital lobe