The Renaissance
What characteristics helped Italy to become the birthplace of the Renaissance?
1.its location 2.cultural diffusion through trade 3.florence's patrons
hersey
A belief that goes against church thinking
Armada
A fleet of ships.
Federalism
A form of government in which power is shared between local and national levels.
theocracy
A government ruled by religious leaders.
Linear perspective
A mathematical system for representing 3d space on a flat surface.
sonnet
A poem of 14 lines with a fixed rhyming pattern.
Reformation
A religious movement 1500's with the aim to reform the Catholic Church.
Inflation
A rise in prices and available cash.
Ghetto
A separate section of a city.
picaresque
A series of comic episodes usually involving a mischievous character.
Quipu
A series of knotted strings on which incas recorded information.
Council of Trent
A series of meetings started by Pope Paul III to seek ways to revive the moral authority of the Catholic Church and stop the spread of Protestantism.
caravel
A small, narrow vessel with 2-3 masts and triangular sails.
sect
A subgroup of a major religious group.
Renaissance
A time period lasting 1300-1500 in europe of great cultural revival.
Indulgence
A type of cancellation of punishment for sins that had been forgiven by God.
Satire
A type of writing that uses ridicule/sarcasm to criticize.
Secularism
A view that said religion doesn't have to be the center of human affairs.
Proportion
A way of balancing the parts of a design to make them attractive as a whole.
How were the writings of More, Erasmus, and Rabelais similar?
All used writing to criticize the church, and offer other options.
tolerance
Allowing others to hold beliefs that are different from one's own.
Engraving
An art form where an artist etches on a metal plate with needle and acid.
Mercantilism
An economic policy that promotes strengthening a nation by expanding its trade.
Capitalism
An economic system where business is privately owned and operated.
traditional economy
An economy where the exchange of goods is based on custom or tradition.
Annulment
An official action cancelling a marriage.
Edict
An official public order made by a king or other authority figure.
What economic activity was florence known for?
Banking and the commerce effects of being so involved in banking.
Why did renaissance artists favor realism in their art?
Because during the renaissance ppl looked back to the classical (Rome/Greece) art style, they became obsessed w/ realism.
During the renaissance, how did trade promote learning and new ideas?
Because during trade people must communicate, Places like Italy learned about muslims through trade.
Why did the Catholic Church try to censor books?
Because ideas that were not of the church (Like Galileo's ideas) were disapproved of by the church, the church tried remove them in fear of losing power.
Why did Italy lead medieval europe in commercial growth?
Because it was between Europe and africa, it was set up as a trade port.
What characteristics did Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo have in common?
Both were brilliant, both skilled in many areas, both studies anatomy
How did Miguel Cervantes draw on medieval culture to write his novel?
Cervantes' main protagonist is a chivalric knight.
Use the term Heliocentric Theory to describe the work of Copernicus.
Copernicus discovered the Heliocentric theory and this theory is basically the sun in the center of the universe and everything revolves around the sun.
Humanism
Cultural movement of the Renaissance based on the study if classical works.
Vernacular
Everyday spoken language of a certain area.
Describe the kinds of changes that took place in european cities and universities in the 1300's.
Feudalism decreased, towns expanded, trade/economy increased, secular learning increased. Italy split into pieces, lead commercialism, supported arts. Renaissance ppl looked at classical information. Church lost control of universities.
What developments in technology paved the way for Gutenberg's printing press?
First, Someone in China invented block printing on paper. (Europeans invented linen paper and oils for printing.) Johann simply used metal instead of wood and made the type arrangeable.
Huguenots
Frensh Protestants
What did Isaac Newton discover about the universe?
Gravity, light, motion, and other laws of nature.
How did Rene Descartes view the universe and how functioned?
He believed the universe was governed by predictable physical laws.
What actions demonstrate that Lorenzo de' Medici was a patron of the arts?
He commissioned art/architecture and stated "It gave great luster to the state and this money seems to be well spent.".
What did Isaac newton discover about the universe?
He discovered gravitational force. The force that pulls an apple to the ground is the same as the force holding a planet in its orbit.
How did Rene Descartes view the universe and how it functioned?
He thought that the universe could be explained by mechanical laws. He saw the universe as a machine guided by predictable physical laws.
Describe the work of Copernicus.
He was an astronomer who observed the solar system and came up with the heliocentric theory(Planets revolve around the sun)
What three ideas made up the new learning in the renaissance?
Individualism, humanism, secularism.
How is inductive reasoning part of the scientific method?
It is the process of looking at specific facts and making a rule or general principle based on those facts.
How did the new ideas of the renaissance change daily life?
It made a new calendar. Books were printed in common languages to increase literacy/learning in the lower classes.
How was the culture of Italian cities different from rural culture?
Italian cities has many actors of art/architecture, as rural areas did not.
How did Northern Humanists differ from Italian humanists?
Italian humanists supported humanist ideas, yet Northern humanists also supported reforms to the church.
How did Shakespeare and Dante influence modern languages?
Many of today's sayings come from Shakespeare and Dante helped shape modern Italian
How did Humanism differ fro medieval education?
Medieval thinkers focused on spirituality/faith, while Humanism focused on self-worth and living your life to the fullest.
Missionary
Members of a religion that encourage people to convert to a particular religion.
What new materials did renaissance artist begin to use?
Oil paints, brushes with animal hair.
Act of Supremacy
Passed in 1534, it made the monarch the leader of the Church of England.
Cottage industry
People who produced their own goods in cottages.
What types of literature did William Shakespeare write?
Plays (comedies/tragedies) , Poems, and sonnets.
Bullion
Precious metals melted into bars.
Mercantile
Related to commerce or trade.
How was Renaissance art different from Medieval art?
Renaissance art was often non-religious, realistic, and portrayed emotion. Medieval art was religious, unrealistic, apathetic, and used Tempera colors.
Natural rights
Rights that belong to all people at birth.
Who invented the printing press?
Some person in China made block printing , Johann Gutenberg made the printing press with metal type.
Patron
Someone who gives money/support to a person/group.
Conquistador
Spanish explorers/soldiers who conquered territory.
What works of literature demonstrated the trend to secularism?
The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio and The prince by Niccolo Machiavelli.
Rationalism
The belief that knowledge is gained by thinking through things with reason.
Individualsim
The belief that the individual was more important than the larger community.
What classical architectural features were used in renaissance architecture?
The column, the round arch, the dome, Proportions, and using simple geometric figures.
Columbian exchange
The exchange of living things/ideas between the east and west hemispheres.
predestination
The idea that long ago God had already decided who would gain salvation.
Heliocentric theory
The idea that the sun is at the center of the Solar System.
feminism
The idea that women should enjoy the same rights as men.
How did the ideal renaissance man differ from the ideal medieval man?
The ideal renaissance man was cultured, into the arts, and knowledgable. The Medieval man was very faithful and strong.
Scientific method
The method of using observation/experiments/reasoning to gain knowledge.
Counter-reformation
The movement to strengthen the teachings/structure of the Catholic Church.
Jesuits
The people of the Society of Jesus.
How did the use of the printing press increases the spread of literacy?
The printing press allowed books/text to be produced cheaper/faster, which allowed more people to read.
inductive reasoning
The process of making a general rule that applies to a list of facts.
How were the writings of More, Erasmus, and Rabelais different?
The way in which these writers expressed criticism was different: More used a contrast to show corruption IRL, Erasmus used satire, Rabelais used humor/exaggeration.
How did Copernicus's idea about earth and the sun come into conflict with ideas from medieval culture?
They thought that everything heavenly revolved around earth and he said that everything revolved around the sun.
Why was the work of Muslim and Jewish scholars important to the scientific Revolution?
They translated Greek/Roman works and some Muslims developed Algebra.
Why was the work of Jewish/Muslim scholars important to the scientific revolution?
They translated greek/Roman works and some muslims developed Algebra.
What did many northern Humanists try to do with renaissance ideas?
They tried to spread them via Art.
What was Petrarch's goal for his writing?
To bring together the ideas of pagan classical culture and Christianity
Separation of powers
To divide a government into three branches of power.
What was Galileo's purpose when he dropped two stones from the leaning tower of Pisa?
To do experiments on the laws of nature to prove it.
Censor
To remove material from published works or to prevent its publication.
Circumnavigate
To sail completely around the world.
recant
To withdraw words.
How did the techniques developed by Brunelleschi influence art and architecture?
Used rules of proportion to make beautiful buildings and the rules of linear perspective to make realistic art
Does the new learning of the renaissance remain important to today?
Yes; Many of the ideas are still prominent today and thus affect our everyday lives.
market economy.
an economy where prices/distribution of goods is based on competition in a government.
Social contract
an unwritten agreement between people and their government that gives the rights and duties of each.
immunity
the ability to fight a disease.
Utopia
the concept of an imaginary, ideal place.
How was the printing press different from the Chinese method of block printing?
the printing press used more durable, metal type that could be rearranged.
colonization
the process of establishing settlements called colonies.
cartography
the science of making maps/globes.
