The Second Triumvirate & Death of Cicero - Quick Questions [POTLR]

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Which province did Antony send Brutus to, following Caesar's assassination and the negotiations with the conspirators?

Asia Minor

What happened after Cicero got onto a ship to flee from Italy, after the release of the proscription lists?

He dallied and returned to one of his villas

On the 29th of May, who defected to Antony's side (shifting the strategic balance and strength held by the two sides overnight)?

Lepidus

After the deaths of Hirtius and Pansa, which two commanders took over the senatorial armies stationed at Mutina?

Lepidus and Plancus

What was the name of Antony's original province, and the name of the province which he switched over for (following negotiations with the conspirators)?

Macedonia, Cisalpine Gaul

Where was Brutus, after Antony had fled to Southern Gaul / Lepidus had defected?

Macedonia, with several legions

In response to the demands of the senate at the start of 43 BC, what did Antony do?

Made a counter-offer (and thus appeared to be negotiating)

How did Cicero respond to Antony's speech in the September 1st senate meeting, denouncing him and his boycott of the meeting?

Made a speech mildly critical of Antony

What did Antony's speech on the life of Caesar do to the mobs and rioting within Rome?

Made them worse

When did Cicero deliver the twelfth and thirteenth Philippic speech against Antony?

March 43 BC

Following the senate's refusal to grant him a consulship, what did Octavian do on the 19th of August 43 BC?

Marched on Rome and declared himself and his cousin consuls

Who had the conspirators responsible for murdering Caesar decided not to kill in advance?

Mark Antony

Who was left as the sole consul of the Roman state after Caesar's assassination, and thus enjoyed huge legal power?

Mark Antony

Which two Caesarian figures reconciled with each other, following the intervention of Caesar's armies on Antony?

Mark Antony and Octavian

Where was Decimus when Octavian and Hirtius came to relieve him, whilst he was under siege by Antony?

Mutina

What did Fulvia allegedly to with Cicero's remains, whilst they were displayed in the forum (as revenge against the Philippics)?

Pulled out his tongue and jabbed it with her hairpin

What two things had Dolabella achieved as co-consul in 44 BC, which delighted Cicero (but frustrated Attcius and the consul-designates for the following year)?

Put down Caesarian riots and took down a column erected in Caesar's honour

Where was Cicero's villa, where he escaped to following the assassination of Caesar (and where he remained 'depressed' as he believed the conspirators had wasted their chances)?

Puteoli, near Naples

What did Octavian do outside of Rome at the turn of the new year, without imperium power (meaning that his actions were constitutionally illegal)?

Raised an army

What did Cicero's third and fourth Philippic speeches call for between the senate and Octavian against Antony?

Reconsiliation

What was Octavian's first official act as consul?

Rescinded amnesty for the conspirators

What is the name of Cicero's first speech criticising Antony (made in September 44 BC)?

The First Philippic

What is the collective name of Cicero's speeches between September 44 BC and April 43 BC, in which he became bolder and bolder in his criticisms of Mark Antony?

The Philippics

Where were Cicero's remains taken and displayed in Rome?

The Rostra in the forum

Why was Antony so desperate to receive Cisalpine Gaul over Macedonia in the post-assassination negotiations with the conspirators?

It was Caesar's old province

When did Cicero hold his seventh Philippic speech, and who did he deliver it to?

Late January 43 BC, to the senate

When did Antony counter the First Philippic speech, made by Cicero?

Late September 44 BC

What witticism had Cicero been credited for at around the time Antony was declared a public enemy, which implied that Octavian could be easily dumped by the senate?

Laudanum, adulscentem, ornandum

What did Octavian demand of the senate (which they refused), following their request for Octavian to march to Gaul to defeat Antony and back up Plancus?

A consulship (perhaps with Cicero)

By the time Cicero delivered the fourth Philippic speech, how many days did Antony have left of his consulship?

10

How many speeches comprise The Philippics?

14

What did Antony (sponsored by Cicero) negotiate with the optimates / conspirators in the senate, following Caesar's assassination?

A general amnesty

What day was Caesar's funeral, in which huge rioting broke out in the streets of Rome?

18th of March 44 BC

How old was Octavian when Caesar was assassinated?

19

On what date did Antony set a senate meeting before his journey to Cisalpine Gaul, in which new honours were showered on Caesar (and which Cicero refused to attend)?

1st of September 44 BC

On what date did Cicero deliver the fourth Philippic speech against Antony?

20th of December 44 BC

When did Cicero deliver the fourteenth Philippic speech?

21st of April 43 BC

On what date did the second triumvirate officially come into effect?

27th of November 43 BC

How many senators and how many equestrians ended up on the proscription lists of the second triumvirs?

300 senators and 1000 equestrians

When did Cicero hold his sixth Philippic speech, and who did he deliver it to?

4th of January 43 BC, to the people of Rome

On what date was Cicero found by a group of assassins, whilst trying to flee from Rome?

7th of December 43 BC

Which three people did Octavian declare no-longer public enemies whilst consul (the last of which already being dead)?

Antony, Lepidus and Dolabella

What did Antony make in the senate following Cicero's failure to turn up at the September 1st meeting in the senate?

A speech denouncing him

In the sixth and seventh Philippic speeches made by Cicero, what did he insist Antony would refuse to do?

Accomodate the senate

Whilst consul, who was Octavian in negotiations with (and was rumoured to be allied with), much to the horror of Cicero?

Antony

Just before he was about to sail from Southern Italy for Greece, what news did Cicero hear that caused him to hurry back to Rome?

Antony and the conspirators were about to make peace

What was the outcome of the battle at Mutina, between Antony and Octavian / Hirtius / Pansa?

Antony lost and fled

As Caesar's legal adopted son, what religious duty did Octavian have regarding the conspirators who killed Caesar?

Bringing them to justice

Upon arriving back in Rome, after hearing the news of possible reconciliation between Antony and the conspirators, who greeted Cicero and told him that the opposite had happened?

Brutus

Following Octavian's rescinded amnesty for the conspirators as consul, which two people were declared public enemies of Rome?

Brutus and Cassius

What did Octavian's entourage call him, which Cicero was slightly annoyed by?

Caesar

What Latin term, meaning "divine son", did Octavian soon begin using as his name (following Caesar's deification at his funeral)?

Divi filius

What was the name of Cicero's son-in-law, who was a Caesarian (and managed to convince the senate to give him the now-vacant consulship)?

Dolabella

Despite Octavian's presence in Rome as legal heir, what aspect of Caesar's estate did Antony still have control over?

Caesar's papers

What did Antony take charge of immediately after Caesar's death, giving him an even higher level of control over the affairs in Roman politics?

Caesar's papers

What fatal underestimate had the optimates made in their assassination of Caesar, which gave Antony and the other Caesarians huge popularity and political leverage?

Caesar's popularity with the urban poor and army

What was the name of Caesar's illegitimate son by Cleopatra?

Caesarion

After the two days Antony spent barricaded inside his house, what did he do?

Called a senate meeting

Who had overcome Dolabella in 43 BC (as he was trying to establish himself as an alternative to both Antony and the senate)?

Cassius

Which two conspirators / serving-praetors fled the city following the mass rioting at Caesar's funeral?

Cassius and Brutus

Which two conspirators were then-serving praetors, whom Cicero urged to take charge of Rome after Caesar's assassination?

Cassius and Brutus

Who believed that the conspirators' decision not to kill Mark Anthony in advance was a fatal mistake?

Cicero

Who continuously pressured the senate to cut ties with Antony and reinstate their control over him, at the start of 43 BC (contributing to the senate's unwillingness to cooperate with Antony)?

Cicero

Who had the conspirators looked towards for leadership after Caesar's assassination (as a 'figurehead' of the republic), but who had instead taken a step-back and allowed Antony's growth in power?

Cicero

Who pleaded with Brutus to come back to Italy with his legions, to act as a counter-weight to Octavian?

Cicero

What official titles were given to the three members of the second triumvirate?

Commissioners for the restoration of the republic

What did the senate vote to do with Antony on the 26th of April, 43 BC?

Declare him a public enemy

True or false: After Caesar's assassination, Antony immediately felt threatened by Octavian?

False

True or false: Brutus agreed to come back to Italy to act as a counter-weight to Octavian, following Cicero's pleading.

False

True or false: By the time Cicero delivered the fourth and fifth Philippic (the latter on the 1st of January 43 BC), the senate had agreed to take a stand against Antony?

False

What was the name of Antony's then-wife and widow of Clodius, who had always been a long-time enemy of Cicero and treated his remains 'with indignity'?

Fulvia

Where did Antony retreat to following his defeat at the battle of Mutina?

Gaul

Having returned to one of his villas (after the release of the proscription lists) and staying there for a few days, where did Cicero then decide to flee to?

Greece

What characteristic about Octavian often made people underestimate him?

He was always sick

What was Antony's reaction to Cicero's boycott of his September 1st senate meeting?

He was furious

What about Octavian made it unlikely that Antony and Lepidus' troops would agree to battle with him?

He was the heir and title-bearer of Caesar

What did Octavian do the moment he heard the news about Caesar's assassination?

Headed back to Italy to claim his inheritance

In February, which two commanders set off with an army to relieve Decimus, who was under seige by Antony?

Hirtius and Octavian

Despite their victory at Mutina, which two consuls died of their wounds following the battle against Antony?

Hirtius and Pansa

What were the names of the consul-designates for 43 BC, who were frustrated and unimpressed by the anti-Caesarian actions of Dolabella as consul?

Hirtius and Pansa

Upon returning to Rome, what two aspects of Caesar's estate did Octavian gain access to?

His fortune and his name

What two parts of Cicero did the assassins cut off after executing him (hint - the two things that an orator uses to communicate)?

His head and hands

Where did Mark Antony go immediately after the assassination, fearing for his life and barricading himself inside?

His house

What did Cicero offer to the assassins who caught him fleeing Rome, as a sign of his surrendering?

His neck

Following the proscriptions, where did Cicero decide to flee to from Rome?

His villa at Tusculum

What did the senate try to do in March, and what was the outcome?

Negotiate with Antony, they failed

Did Cicero attend the important June 1st senate meeting, following Caesar's death?

No

Was Octavian following the constitutional laws of Rome, whilst he was supported by Cicero as a counter to Antony?

No

When did Cicero deliver the second Philippic, against Antony and in response to his increasingly harsh criticism?

November / December

What was the name of Cicero's 'neighbour' in Puteoli, who was the great-nephew of Caesar as well as his legitimate heir?

Octavian

Who did the senate look towards to calm down the military situation with Antony, after Lepidus had defected on the 29th of May?

Octavian

Who, of the second triumvirs, is said to have been the most unwilling to put Cicero's name at the top of the proscription lists?

Octavian

Who were the official members of the second triumvirate?

Octavian, Lepidus and Antony

What death lists did the second triumvirate create shortly after coming into power, having been inspired by Sulla's dictatorship?

Proscriptions

What was the name of the second consul at the time, who, around the same time as Cicero's twelfth and thirteenth Philippic speech, traveled to back up Hirtius in battle?

Pansa

What did Cicero propose that the senate do in his sixth and seventh Philippic speeches, should Antony refuse to follow the will of the senate?

Persuade him by force!

Which Roman historian alleges that Antony insisted that Cicero's name be placed at the top of the proscription lists made by the second triumvirate?

Plutarch

What did Antony have stationed in Macedonia, in preparation for a war with the Parthians that was now unlikely to take place?

Several legions

Which province did Antony send Cassius to, following Caesar's assassination and the negotiations with the conspirators?

Sicily

Which scholar has said that Cicero's second Philippic speech is "a model of vitriolic diatribe"?

Stockton

What did Cicero tell Dolabella in one of his letters, after the latter got the vacant position of consul in Rome?

That the fate of the republic rested on his shoulders

What office did the senate grant Octavian the right to hold ten years later (in 44 / 43 BC), despite the fact that even then he would fall short of the age requirement?

The consulship

Who had granted Antony's new command in Cisalpine Gaul, meaning that neither Octavian or the senate could oppose it?

The people

What key difference is there between the first triumvirate (Caesar, Pompey and Crassus) and the second (Octavian, Antony and Lepidus)?

The second was legally ratified by the senate

What was Octavian granted membership of, despite the fact that he had never once held a position on the cursus honorum?

The senate

In which Philippic speech did Cicero quote at length a letter written to Octavian and Hirtius from Antony?

The thirteenth

What happened to Quintus and his son, after the release of the proscription lists?

They dallied for too long, got betrayed and were executed

What was Cicero planning on doing at the beginning of July, whilst away in his villa, due to the dire state of Rome?

To leave for Greece

What demand of Antony's had Decimus refused, leading to the former's siege of his province?

To rescind his province to Antony

What two demands made by the senate of Antony in 43 BC did he completely ignore?

To return from Cisalpine Gaul and obey the will of the senate

What did Antony bring into the city following his senate meeting on Caesar's assassination, in an attempt to restore public order?

Troops

True or false: Octavian eventually relented and allowed Cicero's name to be placed at the top of the proscription lists after Lepidus sided with Antony?

True

True or false: Octavian was not yet strong enough to bring the conspirators who killed Caesar to justice, upon his immediate return to Rome?

True

True or false: The Philippics are named after a speech made by Demosthenes in the fourth century BC, in which he defended himself against Philip of Macedon?

True

True or false: The second triumvirs had agreed to divide the western provinces of the Roman empire between themselves?

True

True or false: The senate refused to negotiate with Antony at the start of 43 BC, despite their previous desire to accommodate Antony?

True

How long did Antony stay barricaded inside his house for after the assassination?

Two days


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