Theories of personality FINAL

Which of the following theories is the most modern approach to personality?

Cognitive theories

Melissa has a tendency to categorize everything that happens to her as being either terrible or wonderful, with nothing in between. Melissa engages in which cognitive distortion?

Dichotomous thinking

Third force is a term referring to the personality theories of

Maslow

Michelle is living in what Rogers would call a state of congruence. This means that

Michelle's perception of herself and her actual experience of her life match.

Rebecca does not trust babysitters. She bases this distrust on an isolated news report about a babysitter who mistreated several children many years ago. After hearing this news report, she concluded that "that's what babysitters do" and since that time has not hired a babysitter to care for her child. Rebecca's thinking exemplifies which of the following cognitive distortion?

Overgeneralization

Maya lives in a part of the world where food is scarce and she can't be sure where her next meal is coming from. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Maya is likely to be focused on meeting her _________ needs.

Physiological

Binod lives in a town where he can rely on stable source of food, but he and the other residents experience frequent attacks by criminals and military forces. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Binod is most likely focused on meeting _____ needs.

Safety

Which of the following is the best example of a parental response that conveys unconditional positive regard to a girl who spilled her milk?

That was a mistake. Try to be more careful next time

Roberts used a technique in which a patient would be given 100 cards containing descriptive words or phrases, this is an example of what?

The-Q sort

What do the theories of Ellis, Beck, and Lazarus have in common?

They all emphasize practical advantages over theoretical orientations

What did Maslow find to be true about the self-actualizers he studied?

They focused on ends rather than means

A therapist who is using the technique of decatastrophizising might be asked which of the following questions?

What's the worst thing that can possibly happen?

In relation to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, Maslow's theories offered

a more positive perspective on human nature

According to Kelly, the self construct is based primarily on:

a perception of consistency in our own behavior

In the later stages of his career, Ellis turned his attention towards applying his REBT techniques to

all of the above

Probably the most important word in Kelly's statement of his most basic theoretical assumption is:

anticipates

Drawing a conclusion without supporting evidence, even in the face of contradictory evidence, is an example of:

arbitrary inference

Kelly uses the term aggression in the way most of us use the term

assertiveness

The needs associated with meta-motivation are called

being needs, or B-needs

Constructive alternativist maintains that any event:

can be interpreted in many different ways

Albert Ellis associates emotional disturbance with

caring too much about what others think

The ultimate goal of _______ is to remove distorted thinking and strengthen the more constructive and reflective models of thinking

cognitive therapy

According to Beck, the depressed individual has a negative view of him or herself, the world, and the future. These three perceptions are known as the:

cognitive triad

Andrea is taking Kelly's Rep Test; she is being asked to

compare and contrast important persons in her life

Lazarus advocates using technical eclecticism. What does that imply?

creating an effective treatment by borrowing techniques from various theories, despite not agreeing with the theories in full

Which of the following terms has not been used to label the brand of therapy developed by Rogers:

creative therapy

Aaron Beck developed what is considered the finest psychometric instrument for use in assessing:

depression

According to Rogers, the three attitudes that are necessary and sufficient to produce therapeutic change are:

empathy, acceptance and genuineness

Overgeneralization, dichotomous thinking, and personalization are:

examples of cognitive distortions

According to Kelly, the primary motivation of behavior lies in the:

future

The goal of Ellis's REBT is to

help individuals to develop their own rational belief system

When he hears the radio announcer say, "Traffic is all jammed up on route 33," Tal visualizes the scene. The BASIC-ID modality that he favors is:

imagery

According to Rogers, maladjustment is a possible consequence of:

incongruence

Unlike controlled thoughts, automatic thoughts are

involuntary

Maslow defined a self-actualized person as an individual who

is self fulfilled and doing the best that he or she is capable of doing

Which of the following is TRUE about the technique of fixed role therapy?

it is role playing extended over a long period of time

Lazarus' set of clinical strategies has come to be known as:

multimodal therapy

The A-B-C theory of personality suggests that emotional consequences are largely created by

one's beliefs

According to Maslow, the number the number of self actualized individuals in the population is:

probably less than one percent

Kelly's contribution to therapeutic methodology was

roleplaying and role reverse

Kelly suggests that we conceive of ourselves and other people as

scientists

In assessing students who came to him, Kelly primarily used

the interview

Jeff is deciding whether or not to apply for a new job. According to Kelly's fundamental postulate, the most important factor in Jeff's decision is

the length of time Jeff has spent at his current job

Kelly's theory is considered a cognitive theory because it explains behavior in terms of

ways in which people construe the world

A psychotherapy client tells his therapist that he was turned down when he asked a co-worker to go out on a date. According to Kelly, the client would benefit most by exploring what?

what the co-worker's turning him down means to him

Max is very fearful of airplanes. If he does fly, he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport. Within Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality, the behavior of approaching the gate at the airport represents:

A

Dr. Wong is a clinical psychologist who uses a cognitive approach to therapy. Which of the following clients would be the most ideal match for Dr. Wong's methods?

A client willing to allow the therapist to direct the sessions and to define psychological issues as problems to be solved

Before taking on the job of a zoo guide, Miranda went to see a REBT therapist to get rid of a snake phobia. The therapist suggested using an implosive technique. That is most likely to involve which of the following scenarios?

Actually going into a cage filled with harmless snakes at the zoo

Dr. Grupta...

Albert Ellis

Cognitive schemas are an essential component of the personality theory of:

Beck

Which of the following would be characterized as an irrational belief?

I failed an exam so I will fail the class