tib/fib knee femur

the Tibia should superimpose about _____ of the fibular head in a lateral tib/fib

1/2

patellar apex points toward knee and lies ____ above the joint space of the knee

1/2 inch

where should the cr enter for an ap knee

1/2 inch below patellar apex

where should the CR be placed in an AP knee

1/2 inch below the patellar apex

how many degrees and in what direction do the tibial plateaus slope

10-20 degrees posteriorly

how much should the knee be flexed for a lateral knee

20 to 30 degrees

For a lateral knee, which positioning maneuver relaxes the muscles and shows max volume of the joint cavity?

20-30 degree flexion

the CR should be angled how much and in what direction for an AP knee of a patient that measures <19 cm

3-5 degrees caudal

the CR should be angled how much and in what direction for an AP knee of a patient that measures >24 cm

3-5 degrees cephalad

how many knee ligaments are there

4

When demonstrating the distal femur and including the knee in the lateral projection, how many degrees should the knee be flexed?

45

how many degrees and in what direction does the femur slant

5-15 degrees medially

How many degrees and in what direction should the CR be directed for a lateral knee?

5-7 degrees cephalad

cr angle and direction for a lateral knee

5-7 degrees cephalad

largest strongest bone in the body

femur

Which bone in the lower leg is non-weight bearing?

fibula

triangular depression for articulation with distal fibula

fibular notch

Which type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

gliding

what type of joint is the knee

hinge

which intercondylar fossa view involves the patient kneeling

holmblad

which sunrise view involves the patient laying prone with foot resting on the tube

hughston

in the settegast method, how should the patella appear

in profile

Which malleolus projects lower

lateral

the femoral condyles should be superimposed for which knee projection

lateral

which surface of the leg should be in contact with the IR for a lateral tib/fib

lateral

The greater trochanter is located on the _________________ portion of the femur.

lateral and superior

where is the fibula located in the lower leg

lateral side; slightly posterior

The head of the fibula articulates with the:

lateral tibial condyle

what provides stability for the knee joint

ligaments

what type of bone is the tibia

long bone

how should the pelvis be rotated for an AP distal femur

no rotation

where should the CR enter for a lateral knee

1 inch distal to the medial femoral epicondyle

what methods demonstrate the intercondylar fossa

Beclere method, holmblad method, Camp-Coventry method

how do you determine if the leg is rotated in an AP tib/fib

Tibia superimposes 1/4 of the fibular head and 1/2 of the distal fibula; fibular midshaft free of tibial superimposition

what part of the pelvis does the femoral head articulate with

acetabulum

What determines the number of degrees the CR is angled for a tangential projection (Sunrise/Settegast)?

amount of knee flexion

the distal tibiofibular joint is

amphiarthrotic

the crest of the tibia is located where

anterior border

essential knee projections

ap, lateral, beclere, settegast

What structure is located on the proximal end of the fibula?

apex

what is usually the reason for a weight bearing AP knee projection

arthritis

superior aspect of the patella

base

why might there be no superimposition of the femoral condyles in a lateral tib/fib

beam divergence

what are the three views that project the intercondylar fossa

beclere, holmblad, and camp coventry

how can you make sure the knee joint is included in an AP distal femur

bottom of IR extends 2 inches below the knee

what intercondylar fossa view involves the patient laying prone

camp coventry

two palpable processes of the proximal tibia

condyles

what femoral structures articulate with the tibia

condyles

sharp ridge on the anterior border of the tibia

crest

where is the patella situated

distal anterior femur

where is the medial malleolus

distal tibia

how do you place the CR for an AP proximal femur

draw a line between ASIS and pubic bone, bisect line and measure 2.5 inches perpendicular

sharp projection between the articular surfaces of the proximal tibia

eminence

depression between condyles of posterior surface of the distal femur

intercondylar fossa

common fracture sight in the proximal femur

intertrochanteric crest

where should the CR enter for the beclere method

knee joint 1/2 inch below patellar apex

The PA axial projection, first described by Holmblad requires the patient to assume what position

kneeling

for a lateral proximal femur, the lesser trochanter should be visible on which side of the femur

medial

what side of the femur is the adductor tubercle located

medial

The lesser trochanter is located on the ______________ portion of the femur.

medial and posterior

Fibrocartilage disks that lie on the tibial plateaus

meniscus

should the femoral neck and the greater trochanter be superimposed in a lateral proximal femur?

no

in a lateral knee projection (overroatation or underrotation) causes less superimposition of the fibular head and tibia

overrotation

femoral epicondyles should be ______ with IR for an AP distal femur

parallel

the femoral condyles should be _____ with the IR for an AP knee

parallel

largest, most constant sesamoid bone in the body

patella

For the lateral projection of the leg, the patella should be positioned __________ to the plane of the IR.

perpendicular

the CR should be angled how much and in what direction for an AP knee of a patient that measures 19 to 24 cm

perpendicular

CR placement for an AP tib/fib

perpendicular to center of lower leg

cr placement for lateral proximal femur

perpendicular to femoral neck

cr placement for lateral distal femur

perpendicular to midfemur

where should the CR enter for an AP distal femur

perpendicular to midfemur

what is the purpose of the tibial tuberosity

point of attachment for muscles

the distal fibula should be lying over the _________ half of the tibia in a lateral tib/fib

posterior

Name the ligaments of the knee

posterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, tibial collateral ligament, fibular collateral ligament

what shows that there is no rotation for the beclere method

slight tibiofibular overlap

Why is the central ray angled cephalad for the mediolateral projection of the knee?

prevents the joint space from being obscured by the magnified image of the medial femoral condyle; the medial condyle is slightly inferior to the lateral condyle.

meniscus function

provides stability and absorbs shock

Where is the intercondylar eminence located?

proximal tibia

Which joint is formed by the head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia?

proximal tibiofibular

what prevents the femoral neck from appearing foreshortened in the AP proximal femur

rotate the leg 10-15 degrees medially

what are the three sunrise views

settegast, hughston, merchant

on a lateral knee, how should the femoral condyles appear

superimposed

how should the femoral condyles appear in a lateral tib/fib

superimposed and perpendicular to IR

what is the first way to tell that there is no rotation in an AP knee

symmetric femoral condyles and intercondylar eminence is centered

For the AP projection of the femur on typical adults, what should be done to ensure that both joints of the femur are demonstrated?

take two separate images

second largest bone in the body

tibia

what does the superior surface of the tibia form

tibial plateaus

on an AP knee, where should the patella be located

towards the medial side of the femur

T or F : the patella should be perpendicular to the IR for a lateral tib/fib

true

How should the pelvis be positioned to demonstrate the distal femur?

true lateral

Which term refers to the prominent process on the anterior surface of the proximal tibia that is just inferior to the condyles?

tuberosity

should the patella be completely superimposed on the femur in an AP knee

yes