Training and Development

Results are more frequently examined than reactions True or False

False

To encourage self-management, it is important to emphasize that lapses are typically the result of personal failure. True or False

False

It is estimated that 15% of organizations collect data on which of the following training outcomes? reactions ROI behavioral outcomes results cognitive outcomes

ROI Return on Investment

It opts for methods that provide results in which trainers have the greatest confidence.

Rapid Needs Assessment

Lesson plans are typically more detailed than design documents True or False

True

Making a hamburger at a fast-food restaurant is an example of a closed skill. True or False

True

Mid-level managers typically determine how much of their budgets will be devoted to training during the needs assessment process. True or False

True

Millennials like to learn by working alone and helping others to learn. True or false

True

With opportunity to perform, activity level refers to the _____. critical nature of the trained tasks number of employees performing a similar trained task frequency with which trained tasks are performed on the job number of trained tasks performed on the job

frequency with which trained tasks are performed on the job

_____ is a way of delivering content to learners in small, very specific bursts. With such learning, individuals are in control of what and when they're learning. Microlearning Micromanagement Microtraining Macrolearning

microlearning

Which of the following is a concern in organizations regarding the loss of explicit and tacit knowledge? the retirement of Baby Boomers involuntary employee turnover the creation of chief information officer (CIO) positions the increased use of social networking

retirement of baby boomers

A _____ analysis refers to the process of determining whether training is the best or most likely solution for a performance problem or gap

root cause

A primary disadvantage of using ____ in the needs assessment process is that the data obtained may lack detail.

survey

Which of the following statements is true of closed skills? They require the trainee to adapt general principles. They refer to skills that are to be identically produced by the trainee on the job. They refer to training objectives that are specific. They are more difficult to train than open skills.

they refer to skills that are to be identically produced by the trainee on the job.

One of the best means to enhance trainees' self-efficacy beliefs is to explain the importance of learning new knowledge and skills for enhanced organizational performance. True or False

False

_____ analysis involves determining the appropriateness of training, given the company's business strategy, its resources available for training, and support by managers and peers. organizational Task Gap Support

Organizational

In training, the greatest level of support that a manager can provide is to _____. provide trainees opportunity to practice what they have learned provide incentives to attend training participate in training as an instructor allow trainees to attend training

Participate in training as an instructor

Marriott requires that trainees have adequate child care, transportation, and housing arrangements for its welfare-to-work program. These standards resulted from which type of analysis, as discussed in the text?

Person Analysis

_____ is a learning process that involves identifying learned material in long-term memory and using it to influence performance. Retrieval Gratifying Generalizing Semantic encoding

Retrieval

________ considered an "input" in the context of person analysis?

Social Support

Which term refers to a group of two or more trainees who agree to meet to discuss their progress using learned capabilities on the job? focus group strategic group support network quality circle

Support Network

_____ refers to the learner's involvement with the training material and assessing their progress toward learning. Self-regulation Elaboration Generalization Automatization

Self-regulation

Behavior modeling is a training method that is primarily based on _____. goal setting theory expectancy theory social learning theory reinforcement theory

Social Learning Theory

What methods is inexpensive and allows for the collection of data from a large number of individuals?

Survey

Negative transfer is evident when learning occurs, but on-the-job behavior is lower than pre-training levels. True or False

True

Pilot testing is more useful for formative evaluation than summative evaluation. True or False

True

Pilot testing refers to the process of previewing the training program with potential trainees and managers. True or False

True

Divergers use concrete experience and active experimentation. They are good at implementing decisions, carrying out plans, and getting involved in new experiences. True or False

False

Evaluation designs without pre-test or comparison groups are most appropriate when companies are interested in determining how much change has occurred in trainees. True or False

False

In error management training, trainees are instructed that errors hamper learning and should largely be avoided. True or False

False

One of the better ways to assess self-efficacy prior to training is through a cognitive ability assessment. True or False

False

_____ are more concerned with how training may affect the attainment of financial goals for the particular units they supervise.

Mid-Level Managers

According to the text, collecting data on social support for training from managers and peers is a component of which level of analysis?

Task analysis and organizational analysis

Skill-based outcomes can be used to evaluate both learning and transfer. True or False

True

Subject-matter experts (SMEs) should have an understanding of the company's language, tools, and products. True or False

True

The stimulus generalization approach is more appropriate for open skills as opposed to closed skills. True or False

True

The working storage and semantic encoding processes both relate to short-term memory. True or false

True

To promote a learning orientation, trainers should deemphasize competition among trainees, create a community of learning, and allow trainees to make errors. True or False

True

When using an outside vendor to provide training services, it is important to consider the extent to which the training program will be customized based on a company's needs. True or False

True

Which of the following instances call for training with an emphasis on far transfer? securing offices and buildings creating a new product logging into computers and using software handling routine client questions

creating a new product

A _____ refers to an organized program of study designed to meet a complex learning objective. training map curriculum lesson plan course

curriculum

The Hawthorne effect refers to employees performing at a low level because of the attention they receive. True or False

false

Front-line supervisors are likely most concerned with which training outcomes? return on expectations (ROE) behavior and skill-based outcomes cognitive outcomes reactions

Behavior and skill-based outcomes

_____ relates to intellectual capability and general intelligence.

Cognitive ability

The learning cycle for a trainee begins with a(n)____ reflective observation concrete experience abstract conceptualization active experimentation

Concrete experience

If training emphasizes total group discussion and no small-group interaction, a _____ seating arrangement will be most effective. classroom-type horseshoe fan-type conference-type

Conference-type

Which of the following refers to the type of rewards that employees receive for performing well? outcomes motivators consequences feedback

Consequences

Which of the following statements is true of knowledge management? Social media hinders knowledge management. It involves acquiring knowledge, studying problems, attending training, and using technology only within work. Creating communities of practice and using "after-action reviews" at the end of each project facilitates knowledge management. It should be a central focus of training design.

Creating communities of practice and using "after-action reviews" at the end of each project facilitates knowledge management.

If trainers are interested in the generalizability of a study's results, they are said to be interested in the _____ of the study. outcome believability external validity outcome practicality criterion relevance

External Validity

Content curation refers to creating a group of pictures that tell a story. True or False

False

In the context of expectancy theory, ensuring that trainees are confident in their ability to learn helps to promote instrumentality beliefs. True or False

False

Incorporating novelty and fun into a training course can promote learner engagement, but may have little effect on helping learners commit training content to memory. True or False

False

Open skills need to be identically reproduced on the job. True or False

False

Outcome measures are often highly related to each other. True or False

False

ROI (return on investment) would be considered a Level-4 outcome in Kirkpatrick's model of training evaluation. True or False

False

When a series of steps must be followed in a specific way to complete a task successfully, training should be designed with an emphasis on far transfer. True or False

False

Learner-learner interaction is most appropriate when learners have to _____. maximize their critical thinking and analysis skills master a task that is completed alone acquire personal knowledge based on experience enhance their self-awareness and self-assessment

Acquire personal knowledge based on experience

A(n) _____ is a written document that includes the steps that a trainee and manager will take to ensure that training transfers to the job. performance appraisal action plan design document concept map

Action Plan

Which of the following issues is addressed by task analysis? Who needs training? Should training be built or bought? Who is the focus of training? Does training support the company's strategic direction?

Who is the focus of training

Evaluation designs without pre-test or comparison groups are most appropriate when _____. a company has a strong orientation toward evaluation companies are interested in determining how much change has occurred information regarding training effectiveness is not needed immediately a company is only interested in whether trainees have achieved a certain proficiency level

a company is only interested in whether trainees have achieved a certain proficiency level

A primary advantage of crowdsourcing for conducting a needs assessment is the speed to coordinate this data-collection effort

False

Adult learning theory assumes that adults enter a learning experience with a subject-centered approach to learning. True or False

False

Automatization of tasks increases memory demands. True or False

False

Favorable trainee reactions are strongly connected with transfer. True or false

False

Generalization is defined as continued use of what was learned over time. True or False

False

It is generally considered best practice to use slang and sports analogies when training groups of trainees from different cultural backgrounds. Doing so helps to promote fun in the learning environment, and such strategies can serve as useful mnemonic devices. True or False

False

It is important to conduct a return on investment (ROI) analysis for nearly all training programs. True or False

False

A curriculum covers more specific learning objectives and addresses a more limited number of competencies than a course or program. True or False

False

Which of the following statements is true of competency models? They are useful for a variety of HRM practices, not just training and development. All of the above They provide common criteria for identifying appropriate training activities for employees. They provide a tool for determining what skills are necessary to meet current and future needs.

All of the Above

Which of the following creates a learning orientation in trainees? ensuring trainees completely avoid errors and mistakes allowing trainees to experiment with new knowledge and skills emphasizing competition among trainees emphasizing trained task performance

Allowing trainees to experiment with new knowledges and skills

Which of the following is a major aide in communicating tacit knowledge? Procedure document Manual Product formula Discussion

Discussion

"Not allowing trainees to take an extra break because they were disruptive" is an example of _____, in the context of reinforcement theory. extinction positive reinforcement punishment negative reinforcement

Extinction

A "pencil-and-paper" test is the best means for measuring skill-based outcomes. True or False

False

Which of the following statements is most true about age and generation in the context of training? Motivation tends to decrease with age The speed with which people process information increases with age. Traditionalists prefer more of a self-directed training environment. Gen Xers Dislike close supervision

Gen Xers dislike close supervision

Which of the following is an affective learning outcome? greater appreciation of diversity learners' satisfaction with training increased production reduced costs of production

Greater appreciation of diversity

In person analysis, _____ relate(s) to resources employees need to help them learn.

Inputs

"Design and code a computer program that meets customer requirements" is an example of which of the following learning outcomes? attitudes motor skills cognitive strategies intellectual skills

Intellectual Skills

In the process of developing a competency model, the job or position to be analyzed is identified after _____. the competencies responsible for effective and ineffective performance are identified the effective and ineffective job performers are identified the needs assessment strategy is selected the business strategy and goals are identified

The business strategy and goals are identified

Formative evaluation involves collecting data about a training program from trainees mainly through _____. tests and ratings of behavior their opinions and feelings about the program measures of performance, such as volume of sales return on investment (ROI)

Their opinions and feelings about the program

Which of the following statements is true of lesson plans? They include a storyboard to graphically represent content to trainees. They are typically less detailed than a design document. They include the sequence of activities that will be conducted and identify administrative details. They include several courses and focus primarily on developing a set of competencies needed to perform a job.

They include the sequence of activities that will be conducted and identify administrative details.

A company that aims to improve readily observable outcomes by collecting data at periodic intervals before and after training is likely applying a _____ evaluation design. Solomon four-group pre-test/post-test time series return on investment

Time series

_____ refers to the process of collecting the outcomes needed to determine whether training is effective. Performance appraisal Program design Needs assessment Training evaluation

Training Evaluation

Cognitive outcomes generally do not help determine how much trainees use training content on the job. True or False

True

Which of the following strategies is least appropriate for far transfer? Using standardized procedures, processes, and checklists Providing a list of prompts or questions to help trigger thoughts and questions from trainees Focusing on principles that might apply to a greater set of contexts beyond those presented in the training session Teaching general concepts, broad principles, or key behaviors

Using standardized procedure, processes, and checklists

Which of the following examples best reflects an attitude as a learning outcome? value work-life balance create a pivot table in Excel articulate three reasons why diversity is important successfully provide employee feedback

Value of work-life balance

In the context of big data, _____ refers to the large number of sources and types of data. volume valence velocity variety

Variety

Explicit knowledge _____ mainly consists of personal knowledge based on individual experience can be communicated only through discussion is highly influenced by perceptions and values can be managed by a knowledge management system

can be managed by knowledge management system

The evaluation process ideally begins with _____. developing outcome measures conducting a needs analysis developing measurable learning objectives choosing an evaluation strategy

conducting a needs analysis

It is best to include a combination of examples and practice, rather than all practice. True or False

True

This process can determine if training is the appropriate solution.

Needs Assessment

"Not micromanaging trainees working in groups after the group demonstrates it can remain on task" is an example of _____, in the context of reinforcement theory. negative reinforcement positive reinforcement extinction punishment

Negative Reinforcement

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding a Net Promoter Score (NPS)? None of the above—each statement is true. The NPS is computed by subtracting the number of distractors from the number of promoters, dividing this number by the number of respondents, and then multiplying by 100. The NPS is used to measure satisfaction by asking trainees to rate the likelihood of recommending training to a peer. Trainees are categorized into detractors, permissives, and promotors.

Trainees are categorized into detractors, permissives, and promoters.

A comparison group refers to a group of employees who participate in the evaluation study but do not attend the training program. True or False

True

A disadvantage of historical data reviews in conducting a needs assessment is data potentially being incomplete, inaccurate, or not fully reflective of performance. True or False

True

Assimilators use abstract conceptualization and reflective observation. They are good at inductive reasoning, creating theoretical models, and combining disparate observations into an integrated explanation. True or False

True

Determining a job's cognitive ability requirement is part of the task analysis process. True or False

True

For more complex tasks, relatively long rest periods appear to be beneficial for learning. True or False

True

Curricula differ from courses in that curricula _____. consist of narrower learning objectives address a more limited number of competencies take less time to complete include broader learning objectives

include broader learning objectives

The pre-training phase primarily involves _____ preparing instruction (classes, courses, programs, lessons) to facilitate learning encouraging learners to apply what they have learned to their work preparing a concept map and curriculum road map to facilitate learning preparing, motivating, and energizing trainees to attend the learning event

preparing, motivating, and energizing trainees to attend the learning event

The first step in task analysis is to _____

select the job or jobs to be analyzed