Translation: from Nucleic Acid to Amino Acid

True/False: An mRNA molecule transcribed from DNA is shorter than the genetic message it carries.

False

True/False: DNA template is needed in order for translation to occur?

False

True/False: The ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the same in structure and function.

False

True/False: A ribosome consists of two subunits.

True

True/False: During polypeptide initiation, an mRNA, the first amino acid attached to its tRNA, and the two subunits of a ribosome are brought together.

True

True/False: During the first step of initiation, an mRNA molecule binds to a small ribosomal subunit.

True

True/False: Each ribosome has two binding sites for tRNA.

True

True/False: Subunits of RNA are made of proteins and ribosomal RNA.

True

True/False: Translation consists of initiation, elongation, and termination.

True

The bonds that hold tRNA molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are _____.

hydrogen bonds

The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____.

CUG

In eukaryotes, the process of transcription is controlled by _____.

DNA

The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA. A messenger RNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed from the DNA. In the process of protein synthesis, a tRNA pairs with the mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodon?

GUA

The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.

P

Translation takes place in the _____?

cytoplasm

The function of tRNA during protein synthesis is to _____.

deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis

An anticodon is _____.

a set of triplet bases that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA

During translation in a eukaryotic cell, _____.

polypeptides are synthesized at ribosomes, according to instructions carried by mRNA

At the start of translation, where does the initiator tRNA bind?

start codon on the mRNA molecule

Joining to only one specific type of amino acid is a function of a _____?

tRNA molecule

In a eukaryotic cell, transcription takes place in _____.

the nucleus

If protein production were an assembly line, a ribosome would be _____.

the worker who puts all of the pieces together

The translation process in eukaryotes requires all of the following: _____.

transfer RNA, ribosomes, AUG codons

A new organism is discovered that has six different nucleotides that encode 30 different amino acids. What nucleotide combinations would encode the minimum number of amino acids needed in this organism?

two-nucleotide sequence