troubleshooting

Error Codes (Printer)

f a specific error is shown on the printer's OCP, read it. It might tell you exactly what the error is and how to fix it (or at least what the error is). On some printers, it displays error numbers. Check your printer's documentation to find out what an error code means.

encounter a situation in which there is no display whatsoever or in which there appears to be no display.

y. It could simply be that the device is in sleep mode or turned off. Always check the simple solutions first; they work more often than you might expect! Another issue could be that the brightness (once again) is at the lowest setting 592 and the user is working in a bright area. When taking a device out of sleep mode, the user might not be able to tell that the display is working because it might be barely visible.

Faded prints

replace ink or toner. Clean ink cartridge head. Also, check the fuser and increase the humidity, if necessary.

troubleshooting comptia a+ third step

test the theory to determine the cause.

Low RF signal:

A low radio frequency signal spells doom for wireless users. The first thing to check is the distance of the computer from the WAP. Make sure the computer is within the appropriate range. Take advantage of the network's potential! For instance, if the WAP uses 802.11ax and the wireless adapter is 802.11n, consider upgrading to an 802.11ax adapter. Update the software on the wireless adapter and WAP as well. Placement of 634 the router is important; it should be central to all users and away from sources of EMI. Try different antenna placement on the router and the wireless adapter. Normally, a 90-degree angle is best, but a little tweaking can go a long way. Also, some routers can boost their wireless signals. Check for this setting in the firmware

Color printouts are a different (wrong) color than shown on the screen or incorrect chroma display

A printout will always be slightly different from the screen. But if the difference is very noticeable, check the ink or toner cartridges and make sure none of the colors are empty. Run the calibration tool for the printer. Verify that the printer is a PostScript-capable printer that can do raster image processing (RIP). If this functionality is not built into the printer, look for it as a separate software solution.

Check inside the computer: Unless I have a sneaking suspicion that one of the connections inside the computer is loose, I usually leave this for last because it is time-consuming to open the system. If you decide to check inside the computer, check whether the video card is seated properly.

Also, know how to set the audio output from a laptop or PC so that it will output through the HDMI or DisplayPort cable properly. For example, in Windows, you can go to Settings > System > Sound or simply right-click the speaker icon in the notification area and select Open Sound Settings. (Or, for the Control Panel option, go to Run and type mmsys.cpl.) From there, you can select the output device to use.

No image on printer display (OCP)

Check whether the printer is in sleep mode (or off altogether). Verify that the printer is plugged in. In rare cases, the internal connector that powers the display might be loose.

ut-ofmemory or low-memory error message

Check whether the user's computer is spooling documents. The setting with the least chance of this error is the Start Printing Immediately spool setting. You might also need to restart the Print Spooling service. A user who tries to print a large image might need to change settings in the application in which the image was made. In some cases, the printer's RAM might need to be upgraded. Whenever installing RAM to a printer, take all the same precautions you would when working on a PC.

troubleshooting comptia a+ foth step

Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution.

troubleshooting comptia a+ secund step

Establish a theory of probable cause. (Question the obvious.)

Ghosted image

Ghosted images or blurry marks can be a sign that the drum has some kind of imperfection or is dirty, especially if the image reappears at equal intervals. Replace the drum (or toner cartridge). Another possibility is that the fuser assembly has been damaged and needs to be replaced.

Grinding noise

Grinding or similar noises emitting from a printer could relate to a defective toner cartridge. (Always have backup cartridges near the printer!) The noise could also be due to a paper jam or carriage stall.

Multiple prints pending in the print queue

If the printer window shows several documents listed in the queue, but the printer is not currently printing anything, a document might have stalled and may need to be restarted. Also, the print spooler might need to be restarted in the Services console window, in the Task Manager, or in the Command Prompt. In less common cases, you might need to reinstall the printer driver.

Vacuum any leftover residue. Printer maintenance can be broken down into the following basic categories:

Laser: Replace toner, apply maintenance kit, calibrate, clean. Inkjet: Clean heads, replace cartridges, calibrate, clear jams. Thermal: Replace paper, clean heating element, remove debris. Impact: Replace ribbon, replace print head, replace paper. 3D printer: Clean the filament nozzle, resin reservoir, and anywhere there is a supply or distribution of plastic/resin. Also check the platform (print bed), check whether fans are working, and check the axis and gear movement.

Windows does not "see" a second drive

There are several reasons Windows might not see a second drive. Maybe a driver needs to be installed for the drive or for its controller. This is more common with newer drive technologies. Perhaps the secondary drive needs to be initialized within Disk Management. Or it could be that the drive was not partitioned or formatted. Also try the methods listed in the first bullet

Cannot connect to Internet websites:

There could be a DNS issue. Consider flushing the DNS cache. This can be done by issuing the command ipconfig /flushdns. Or you could reset the TCP/IP stack with the netsh int ip command. Resetting the TCP/IP stack and flushing the DNS cache can also be helpful if a client computer cannot connect to a network path by name on the LAN.

Sometimes the touchscreen (or digitizer) of a mobile device may become nonresponsive. There are several potential reasons for this:

-An application or the OS has failed. -The system froze up. -The display connection is loose -The display needs to be replaced. -User error has occurred.

A user can do the following to increase the life span of their battery:

-Avoid draining the battery -Keep the device away from heat sources -Turn off the mobile device when not in use -Don't bang or throw the device -Select protective cases carefully

Sintomas de una ram mala

-Computer will not boot/intermittently shuts down -BIOS indicates a memory error. The BIOS can indicate a memory error through a message on the screen and a flashing cursor or by beeping. -An application crashes -A stop error, aka BSOD (blue screen of death), occurs:

Black pages printing

-Determine whether the toner cartridge is empty or has failed, and if so, install a new one. Toner cartridge failures may be associated with the developing and transferring stages of the laser printing process, with the developing stage being more common. -Determine whether the toner cartridge was installed without the sealing tape still in place. If it was, remove the tape -Check whether the transfer corona wire has failed. If the transfer corona wire fails, there will be no positive (opposite) voltage to pull the toner to the paper. Replace the wir

What to do if the Bios doesnt recognize the Drive

-First, make sure the power cable is firmly connected and oriented properly. -make sure SATA data cables are fully seated in the ports and weren't accidentally installed upside down; if you find one that was, consider replacing it because it might be damaged due to incorrect installation. -

Slow reaction times

-If a drive is suffering from longer read/write times than usual, it could be due to several things. Perhaps the drive is full, or has become fragmented, or has been infected with malware. -perhaps there are bad sectors, indicating a damaged drive. In any of these cases, it is common to see that the drive's LED status indicator on the front of the computer is blinking more than usual, telling you that the drive is working harder than it normally would

Whenever a job goes to print, there are three options:

-Print directly to the printer: This means the print job goes right to the printer, without any delays. How well this works depends solely on the amount of memory in the printer (which can be increased, just as with computers). Of course, if the print job is larger than the amount of RAM in the printer, the job will probably fail. Usually, a better solution is to spool the document -Start printing immediately: This is the first of two spooling options. When this setting is selected, the document will be spooled to the storage drive one page at a time. When an entire page has been spooled, it is sent to the printer for printing. This repeats until all the pages of the document have been spooled and, ultimately, printed. -Start printing after last page is spooled: This means the entire document will be spooled to the storage drive and then pages will be sent to the printer for printing. This is usually slower than the Start printing immediately option but might have fewer issues, such as stalls or other printing failures.

pasos para checar un procesador

-Revisar que la ventiladora este bien conectada y que funciones bien. Algunas tarjetas madres ni funcionan si la ventiladora del procesador no esta funcionando. Si la ventiladora no funciona se remplaza -Revisa otros componentes mayores. Video, ram, tarjeta madre. -Asegurate que la ventiladora este instalada correctamente.

Paper jams or creased paper

-Turn the printer on and off in the hope that printers will clear the jam. This is known as power-cycling the printer. If this doesn't work, turn the printer off and unplug it and then open it. -Remove paper trays and inspect them for crumpled papers that can be removed by firmly grabbing both ends of the paper and pulling or rotating the rollers to remove it. In general, clear the paper path. -Verify that the right paper type is in the printer. Paper that is too thin or thick might cause a paper jam. Also, watch for paper that has been exposed to humidity. -Check for dirty or cracked feed rollers. A temporary fix for dirty rubber rollers is to clean them using isopropyl alcohol. A permanent fix is to replace the rollers. -Check the entire paper path. Duplexing printers (those that print on both sides of the paper) have more complicated and longer paper paths, providing more chances for paper to get jammed.

Here are several of the issues you might encounter with power supplies: Fan failure Fuse failure Quick death Slow death

-if the fan fails, the power supply needs to be replaced

Maneras de Identificar el problema

1)Obtener informacion del usuario. 2)Identificar cualquier cambio hecho a la computadora. 3)Revisa el "log files" 4)Pregunta sobre cualquier cambio que se haya hecho. 5)Revisa la documentacion.

Medidas para alargar vide de discos duros.

1- Apaga las computadoras. 2-Limpia los discos. Use a storage drive cleanup program to remove temporary files, clean out the Recycle Bin, and so on. Microsoft includes the Disk Cleanup program in Windows. 3-Desfragmenta el disco 4-Leave at least 10% of the drive free 5-Make sure that high-performance drives have good airflow 6-Scan the drive with anti-malware:

IP conflict

: An IP conflict message will pop up on the displays of both Windows computers that are causing the conflict. Usually, the first computer that used the IP address will continue to function, and the second 637 computer will not be able to access the network. The second computer will have to be reconfigured to a different IP address and rebooted. Reboot the first computer for good measure. IP conflicts usually happen only when static IP addresses are being used. Consider using DHCP for all client computers.

If the power supply dies a quick death and provides no power, it might be for several reasons, ranging from an electrical spike to hardware malfunction. First, make sure that the IEC power cable is connected properly to the power supply and to the AC outlet. Sometimes it can be difficult to tell whether the power supply has failed or whether the problem is something else inside or outside the computer system. You should check the AC outlet with your trusty receptacle tester, make sure that a circuit hasn't tripped, and verify that any surge protectors and/or UPS devices work properly. Depending on what you sense about the problem, you might decide to just swap out the power supply with a known good one.

A power supply that is dying a slow death may cause intermittent errors or frequent failure of hard drives and other devices, and this can be tough to troubleshoot. If you suspect intermittent issues, first make sure the power cord is connected securely and then try swapping out the power supply with a known good one. Boot the computer and watch it for a while to see if the same errors continue to occur.

mdsched.exe

Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool

Vertical lines on page, streaks, smearing, speckling, toner failing to fuse to paper

Black lines or streaks (and sometimes faded print) can be caused by a scratch in the laser printer drum or a dirty primary corona wire. Usually, the toner cartridge needs to be replaced. White lines could be caused by a dirty transfer corona wire; this can be cleaned or replaced. Wide white vertical lines can occur when something is stuck to the drum. Smearing can occur if the fusing assembly has failed; in this case, you might also notice toner coming off of the paper easily. If it is an inkjet, one or more ink cartridges might need to be replaced or the printer might need to be calibrated. If toner is not fusing to the paper correctly, the fuser rollers might not be heating properly, likely due to mechanical fuser failure

: If nothing is showing up on the display, first make sure the monitor is plugged into the video card properly (and to the correct video port) and then verify whether the monitor is connected to the AC outlet and is powered on.

Check for an onboard video setting in the UEFI/BIOS: If you install a new video card in a computer that previously used onboard video, check that the onboard video setting is disabled in the UEFI or BIOS. It can conflict with the new video card. And, of course, be sure to plug the monitor into the new video card—not the old onboard connection

Use a filter on the monitor: Sometimes a user will complain of eye strain. This might not be a video issue at all; it could be due to glare. Consider using an antiglare filter. Companies make these filters specifically for individual monitor models. They help reduce glare from fluorescent lights, sunlight, and so on. In a more secure environment, consider also using privacy filters.

Check for newly installed applications: New applications could cause the display to malfunction or stop working altogether. Check the application manufacturer's website for any known hardware compatibility issues.

Resolution and refresh settings: If the resolution was set too high or was set to a resolution not supported by the monitor, you might get a distorted image, a fuzzy image, or no image at all. In Windows, boot into lowresolution VGA mode or Safe Mode. This starts the computer with a resolution of 640×480. Then modify the resolution setting in the Screen Resolution window.

Check the driver: Maybe the driver failed, or perhaps the wrong driver was installed. Maybe an update is necessary, or perhaps an update to the driver is causing the problem. If there is nothing on the display, or if the image is distorted, or if the monitor only displays a lower resolution, boot into low-res mode or Safe Mode and update the driver from within Device Manager (in Windows) or consider "rolling back" the driver, which means reverting to the older driver that was installed previously. Driver failures can also be the cause of blue screens of death (BSODs).

No connectivity (printer)

Check the following: The printer is plugged in to an AC outlet and is online. The printer is securely connected to the local computer or to the network. The computer has the correct print driver installed. The printer is shared to the network. The printer has a properly configured IP address. (This can be checked on the OCP of most networkable laser printers.) Remote computers have a proper connection over the network to the printer. The printer is set up as the default printer, if necessary.

Paper not feeding

Check the type and condition of the paper. Check the rollers (and raise the humidity if possible). Clean the rollers. Reset the printer. Consider using a maintenance kit.

Unable to install printer

Check whether the printer is properly connected to the computer or network physically. Check whether it is getting an IP address. In Windows, start the Print Spooler service and update the driver. (Advanced: Define new printer keys in the registry.) More on the spooler and how to start it appears later in this chapter.

troubleshooting comptia a+ sixth step

Document the findings, actions, and outcomes.

troubleshooting dim screens

For example, the display might look dim. This could be because the brightness level is too low in the display settings. Or it could be that automatic brightness was enabled, and perhaps it doesn't react well in highly lit areas. Or perhaps auto-brightness isn't calibrated properly; perhaps it was initially enabled in a very bright (or very dark) environment. To recalibrate the device's light sensor, turn off auto-brightness and then go to an unlit room and set the brightness to the lowest setting. Finally, turn autobrightness back on and leave the unlit room. The device should now make better use of its light sensors, and autobrightness should function better.

troubleshooting comptia a+ fisrt step

Identify the problem

Link-local/APIPA address:

If a computer is showing an IPv4 link-local address such as 169.254.49.26 when you type ipconfig /all, it generally means that the computer is attempting to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server but is failing to do so. IPv4 link-local addresses always start with 169.254. Microsoft also uses the name Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA). Usually, a linklocal address is assigned internally, so the real problem could be that the computer is not getting connectivity to the network. Check everything in the first bullet point. Also, consider using ipconfig /release and /renew. Finally, if these measures do not work, check the DHCP server to make sure it is functional and available.

No connectivity:

If a user complains of a problem connecting to the network and you verify that there is indeed a problem, check the patch cable first and verify that there is a link light. Make sure the user's computer is actually connected to the network. If it appears to be a 632 cable issue, use a patch cable tester or cable certifier to test the cable. If it isn't a cable problem, make sure the network adapter is enabled If it's a laptop (or other mobile device) and the user has a wireless problem, check the Wi-Fi switch or button. Next, run ipconfig /all and check the settings. Afterward, ping the local computer to see if TCP/IP works. If you haven't resolved the problem by now (and you probably will have), access the Network and Sharing Center in Windows and view the graphical connections to see if there is a red X anywhere, denoting a problem. Search for and use the network troubleshooter if necessary. You can also right-click the Network icon in the Notification Area and select Troubleshoot problems. This brings up the Windows Network Diagnostics program; follow the steps for a possible resolution Some switches and routers have the capability to enable/disable specific ports; make sure the port in question is enabled in the firmware.

Access denied

If an Access Denied message appears on the screen while attempting to print, the user doesn't have permission to use the printer. You (or the network administrator) will have to give the user account permissions for that particular printer. This message might also be displayed when a person attempts to install a printer without the proper administrative rights.

Limited and intermittent connectivity

If the problem is limited connectivity, attempt some pings. First, ping the localhost (ping 127.0.0.1) to see if TCP/IP is functioning. If that works, ping the router or another system on the network. If that fails, the user only has local area network connectivity. Run ipconfig /all and check the rest of the IP settings. If pinging the router does work, try pinging a website by domain name. If that fails, the DNS server address is probably not configured properly. Check it with ipconfig /all and modify it in the IP Properties dialog box, if necessary. Run ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew if you suspect an issue with obtaining an address from a DHCP server. Intermittent connectivity could be caused by a faulty patch cable, a wireless network adapter that is too far away from the WAP, or a router that needs to be reset. In a larger environment, if a person can access some networks but not others, you might want to try using tracert with inaccessible networks to see where the problem lies.

Missing files at startup:

If you get a message such as "BOOTMGR Is Missing," the file needs to be written back to the drive. For more on how to do this, see Chapter 53, "Troubleshooting Microsoft Windows." In severe cases, this can mean that the drive is physically damaged and needs to be replaced. If this happens, the drive needs to be removed from the computer, and the data must be copied from the damaged drive to a known good drive (which might require a third-party program).

Missing or corrupted files:

Missing or corrupted files could result from drive failure, operating system failure, malware infection, user error, and so on. If data corruption happens, be sure to back up the rest of the data on the drive and then use the preventive methods mentioned previously, especially defragmenting and scanning for malware. (Ultimately, you may have to replace the drive.)

Local resources: You might find that a user can't browse the network or map network drives to network shares, or connect to network printers, or access an email server on the LAN. There are lots of examples, but the bottom line is that if a user can't access local resources, you need to troubleshoot the network connection. That's the bulk of what we discuss in this chapter. If multiple users can't access resources, you may be looking at a more centralized problem. For example, if a server is down, perhaps a DHCP server is not properly handing out IP addresses to clients or a domain controller has failed, and users cannot be authenticated to resources. This type of issue might go beyond the scope of your work as a technician with the A+ certification, so be prepared to escalate the problem if necessary.

Internet-based resources: If remote resources—for example, websites, VPN connections, and streaming media services—are not available to a user, it could be that the IP configuration (especially the gateway and DNS settings) needs to be inspected and possibly reconfigured. If multiple users are having connectivity problems, it could be that the gateway itself or the DNS server (among other things) needs to be fixed. Again, escalate the problem if necessary.

High latency:

Latency is the typical amount of time that it takes for packets of data to travel from one computer to the next. The higher the latency, the worse the experience when it comes to real-time video conferencing, webinars, gaming, and so on. (Another term used to describe latency is "lag.") To reduce latency, use the techniques mentioned in the previous bullet, especially the part about closing any other programs and connections that are running. The most bandwidthintensive culprits are video sharing websites and moviestreaming sites and applications.

Jitter:

Network congestion can cause jitter, which is an irregular time delay in the sending of certain data packets. Jitter is similar to latency, but the delay that is involved is inconsistent; you might call it "inconsistent latency." The connection might be good one minute and bad the next. This is a problem that can affect voice over IP (VoIP) and streaming video and audio connections, which may lose quality for a period of time (or get "jittery"). Jitter may be more common with wireless connections. If using wireless, consider moving closer to the WAP. Also consider the wireless channel being used and check for external interference from neighbors or electrical equipment. Next, configure quality of service (QoS). QoS is a feature that attempts to prioritize data for specific computers or for specific programs. Configure it at the router to prioritize the packets that are more important to the users (for example, VoIP or other packets). I

Adjusting the Print Spooler service in the Services window

Open the Run prompt and type services.msc to open the Services console window. Scroll until you find the Print Spooler service. To start a stopped service, right-click it and click Start. Alternatively, you can click the Start button or other buttons on the toolbar. Also, you can double-click the Print Spooler service to see its properties, where you can start and stop the service and make additional configurations (see Figure 28.3).

Adjusting the Print Spooler service in Task Manager:

Open the Task Manager from the taskbar or Power User menu by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc or by going to Run and typing taskmgr.exe. Under the Services tab, right-click the Spooler service and select Start, Stop, or Restart service.

Port flapping

Port flapping (also known as link flapping) is an issue where a communications link periodically changes between up and down states. For example, a computer that is wired to a switch might experience a network connection that alternates between a working state and a non-working state. You can check this by viewing the LED light on the switch's port that corresponds to the affected computer. You could also run a continuous ping command (for example, ping -t example.com) to see if some of the packets are being dropped. Flapping could be caused by a bad patch cable, improper duplex settings, or power-saving features. Test cables and check settings

netstat -a

Show all active connections

Adjusting the Print Spooler service in the PowerShell/Command Prompt:

When you open PowerShell or the Command Prompt (as an administrator), you can start the Print Spooler service by typing net start spooler. Typing net stop spooler stops the service. (This is a good one. I've actually heard 622 of several companies asking how to do this during an interview!)

Double/echo images

The toner cartridge/print heads might be misaligned, or the drum or fuser unit may be faulty. The printer driver and even printer firmware might need to be reinstalled or updated. Administer printer maintenance according to the manufacturer's documentation.

troubleshooting comptia a+ fifth step

Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventive measures.

High-end video cards are intensely used by gamers and designers, and such a card can be the hottest component in a computer. If the temperature surpasses the 578 safeguards in place, it might cause the card to throttle back the GPU speed, or it might cause an overheat shutdown, where the video card might stop working altogether, causing the current application to close or, at worst, the display to go blank. If this happens more than once or twice, consider additional cooling fans or a liquid cooling system.

When a single pixel fails, it can be irritating. But there are third-party software programs that can be used to identify stuck pixels and possible dead pixels and attempt to fix them. (Search "LCD repair," "dead pixel repair," or similar terms.) Try power-cycling the device as well. If you can't repair a stuck or dead pixel, you might have to send the display to the manufacturer or an authorized repair center for repair or for replacement. If it is a laptop, replace the screen yourself!

wmic diskdrive get status

chequea disco duro. the message "OK" means that Windows didn't find any issues. The message of "Bad," "Unknown," or "Caution" should convince you to initiate more analysis.

OS Not Found" error

could also be caused by improperly connected drives or an erroneous BIOS boot order. Finally, check if there is a motherboard BIOS update; sometimes newer drives require new BIOS code to access the drive.

Multiple pages fed in at once (that is, multipage misfeed)

heck whether the separation pad is getting enough traction; it might need to be cleaned. Also check whether the paper is too thin; 20 lb. or heavier paper is usually recommended.2