Tuckman's 5 Stage Model of Team Development
3 Reasons Why Individuals Conform to Norms
1. Compliance 2. Identification 3. Internalization
4 Ways that Norms are Developed
1. Critical Events 2. Primacy 3. Carryover Events 4. Explicit Statements
Norming (Two Important Developments Occur)
1. Development of Cohesion 2. Development of Norms
Tuckman's 5 Stage Model of Team Development
1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjourning
5 Factors that Influence Cohesion
1. Size 2. Similarity and diversity 3. Competition among teams 4. Success 5. Exclusiveness
The team will respond to the deviant in one of three ways:
1. The attempt to change the deviance behavior. 2. Punish the deviant. 3. change the norm to reflect the deviance behavior.
Identification
Accepting the norm because other members do.
Internalization
Believing the norm is the right thing to do.
Success
Breeds cohesion.
Competition among teams
Competition tends to increase cohesion however too much competition can lead to sub-optimization.
Storming
Conflict arises at this stage. Too much conflict can be detrimental. Too little conflict can result in the team returning to the storming stage at a later time.
Gold bricker
Deviate from the norm by working too slow.
Critical Events
Establishes the norm.
Similarity and diversity
Homogeneous teams have higher levels of cohesion than heterogeneous teams which are more diverse.
Development of Norms
Informal rules the team develops to regulate member behavior.
Explicit Statements
Managerial control.
Team think
Occurs when members focus on group goals, attain synergy and develop high quality work products.
Performing
Occurs when members work synergestically together to accomplish team goals. High performing teams get to performing stage.
Connie Gersick
Researched task forces and other groups with similar deadlines and found the team did not go through a series of developmental stages but rather alternated between periods of inertia and frenzied activities.
Size
Small teams are more cohesive.
Forming
Team members come together as a team and start thinking of themselves as a team.
Development of Cohesion
The attractiveness of a team to its members.
Primacy
The first behavior becomes the norm.
Idiosyncrasy Credit
The freedom to violate group norms without being punished because of contributions made in the past.
Rate busters
Those who deviate from the norm by working too fast.
Compliance
We are going to accept the norm.
Deviance
When a team member violates a norm.
Group think
When members suppress their comments so they are viewed as not being a team player which leads to faulty decision making. (Negative Effect of Cohesion)
Carryover Events
When norms are brought to the team from outside the team.
Exclusiveness
When teams are hard to join they become more cohesive.
Adjourning
When the team has accomplished their goal and members prepare to return to their former job.