Unit 1
The carbohydrate or protein in a food yields approximately ____ kilocalories per a gram, where as the triglycerides that compose the fat in a food yield ___ kilocalories per a gram.
4;9
The _________ promotes scientific, evidence based, research supported food and nutrition related information
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND)
In May 2016, a new Nutrition Facts label for packaged foods was announced. It includes all of the following except:
Actual colors/dyes used in foods
__________ tissue produces the hormone leptin, which communicates to the satiety center in the hypothalamus that the body is in positive energy balance.
Adipose
When reading nutrition related claims, articles, websites, or advertisements, you should look for
All of the above
_____ Is the nutritional assessment that takes different measurements to assess growth and body composition
Anthropometry
Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables rich in _________ and _______ promotes health.
Antioxidants; phytochemicals
Food manufacturers are required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to list on their packages if the product contains _____________.
Any of the eight most common ingredients that cause food allergies
All of the following nutrient claims must meet certain requirements except for?
Best
_________ is calculated using height and weight measurements and is more predictive of body fatness than weight alone.
Body mass index (BMI)
_________ is a measurement of the amount of calcified tissue in grams per centimeter squared of bone measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
Bone mineral density (BMD)
All of the following are vitamins except
Calcium
The unit of measurement of food energy is called a
Calorie
The unit of measurement of food energy is called a:
Calorie
The typical meal now contains more _______ than it used to contain.
Calories
Which of the following is not classified as a nutrient?
Calories
Proteins do all of the following except
Can be stored in the body for future use as glycogen
Which of the following is the equation for Photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide (6CO 2) + Water (6H 2O) + Sunlight à Glucose (C 6H 12O 6) + Oxygen (6O 2)
______ is exhaled and _____ is inhaled through the respiratory system.
Carbon dioxide; oxygen
________ of food molecules begins when food enters the mouth, as the enzyme salivary amylase initiates the breakdown of the starch in foods.
Catabolism
Which of the following is the correct order of the levels of organization?
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism
In 2010, the Dietary Guidelines focused mainly on _________; while the 2015 Dietary Guidelines focused on ________.
Combating the obesity epidemic; eating patterns
The percentage of the _____________ represents the proportion of the total daily recommended amount that you will get from one serving of food.
Daily Value (DV)
The __________, in collaboration with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) , continually reviews new research and information from around the world on human nutrient requirements and recommended nutrient intakes.
Department of Nutrition for Health and Development
The organ system composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines is called the _______ system.
Digestive
Common signs of Pellagra include all of the following except:
Drinking
Access to fresh fruits and vegetables may be scant, particular for those who live in disadvantaged or remote areas, where cheaper food options are limited to convenience stores and fast food. This food influence is called___?
Economics
Recreational drug use includes all of the following except:
Energy Drinks
Dietary methods of assessing nutritional status include all of the following except
Exercise Log
Since 1980, the dietary guidelines have been reevaluated and updated every ____ years by the advisory committees of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Five
Health claims such as "reduces heart disease" must be evaluated by the __________ before it may appear on packaging.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Which group is responsible for preparing guidelines for food labeling within the food industry?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Lower economic prosperity influences diet specifically by lowering all of the following except:
Food costs
Using MyPlate, you should fill half of your plate with _________.
Fruits and vegetables
Minerals play a role in all of the following except
Fuel the brain
If a food label claims the product is a __________, it must contain from 10 to 19% if the nutrients daily values.
Good Source
__________ is an unpleasant sensation of feeling empty that is communicated to the brain by both mechanical and chemical signals from the periphery.
H
The _______________ is a standardized tool which assesses whether the American diet is conforming to the Dietary Guidelines.
Healthy Eating Index
The Mediterranean diet involves multiple ___________; moreover, ___________ is the main source of fat.
Herbs and spices; olive oil
The _________ comprises several types of white blood cells that circulate in the blood and lymph to seek, recruit, attack, and destroy foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses.
Immune System
The stages of ATP Production Pathways (Cellular Respiration) include all of the following except:
Light Dependent Reactions
Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?
Lipids
All of the following describe nutrients except?
Make up additives like dyes
Which food product serving should be the size of a deck of cards?
Meat
_______ is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions required to support cellular function and hence the life of an organism.
Metabolism
Two systems of commonly used measurements are ____ and US Customary
Metric
_________Are nutrients required by the body in lesser amounts but are still essential for carrying out bodily functions
Micronutrients
__________ tissue burns more calories even while at rest and thus the more a person has, the higher their basal metabolic rate (BMR).
Muscle
In the United States, the __________ passed in 1990 and came into effect in 1994
Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
________ are star-shaped cells that are networked throughout the bone via their long cytoplasmic arms that allow for the exchange of nutrients and other factors from bones to the blood and lymph.
Osteocytes
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed seven strategies to increase American's intake of fruits and vegetables. These strategies include all except:
Passing out free fruits and vegetables to low income families
Oils are essential for your diet as they contain valuable essential fatty acids, but the type you choose and the amount you consume is important. You should strive for oil that is ______.
Plant based
______ Are macromolecules composed of chains of subunits called amino acids
Proteins
All of the following are Nutritional Assessments except
Psychological Methods
The Scientific method includes all of the following except:
Publishing a paper/article
_________ have supportive evidence; whereas, ______ state that certain foods and nutrients have benefits for health even though no scientific evidence exists.
Qualified Health Claims; Structure/Function Claims
The steps of the Scientific Method in the correct order are?
Question, research, hypothesis, Analyze the data, and conclusion.
______ behavior is defined as the participation in the pursuits in which energy expenditure is no more than one-and-one-half times the amount of energy expended while at rest and include sitting, reclining or lying down while awake.
Sedentary
Food choices are influenced by all of the following except:
Sleeping patterns
All of the following are carbohydrates except
Sterols
_________ weight loss is defined as individuals intentionally losing at least ten percent of their body weight and keeping it off for at least one year.
Successful
The highest level of continuous intake of a particular nutrient that may be taken without causing health problems is called ____________.
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
Minerals are classified as
Trace or Macro
Which nutrient promotes normal body system functions?
Vitamins
All macronutrients contain calories except for
Water
The other nutrient we must have in large quantities is ____
Water
Which of the following plays a role in body weight and fatness?
all of the choices are correct
The "ideal" healthy body weight is dependent upon all of the following except
amount of blood
Cells are the basic building blocks of life, but ______ are the basic building blocks of all matter, living and nonliving.
atoms
The slippery mass of partially broken-down food is called a ___________.
bolus
In addition to aiding in movement, protecting organs, and providing structural support, red and white blood cells and platelets are synthesized in the __________.
bone marrow
Amino acids, short fatty acids, and monosaccharides are transported from the intestinal cells into the _________, but the larger fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and other lipids are transported first through the ___________.
capillaries; lymph system
Metabolism is either categorized as ________, referring to all metabolic processes involved in molecule breakdown, or anabolism, which includes all metabolic processes involved in building bigger molecules.
catabolism
New cells are made from preexisting _______, which divide into two.
cells
-All living organisms (including humans) harvest the energy in glucose via a biological process called _______.
cellular respiration
The byproducts of ________ are carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water, which plants use in their biological processes.
cellular respiration
________ is a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that also contains gastric juices secreted by cells in the stomach.
chyme
Which of the following is not a major food source of carbohydrates:
eggs
The unpaired ______ in free radicals destabilizes them, making them highly reactive.
electron
Atoms are more stable when their ________ orbit in pairs.
electrons
The ________ is responsible for regulating appetite, nutrient absorption, nutrient storage, and nutrient usage, in addition to other functions, such as reproduction.
endocrine system
The amount of ________ you expend every day includes not only the calories you burn during physical activity, but also the calories you burn while at rest (basal metabolism), and the calories you burn when you digest food.
energy
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that overweight and obesity are the ______ leading cause for deaths globally.
fifth
The reactivity of _______ is what poses a threat to macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and fatty acids.
free radicals
All of the following are part of the Immune System except:
gastric juices
The brain's main fuel is ________ and only in extreme starvation will it use anything else.
glucose
Bones are continuously growing and changing shape through two processes called _____ and ________
growth; modeling
The glands in the Endocrine System secrete ___________, which are biological molecules that regulate cellular processes in other target tissues.
hormones
The ______ in the brain is the main control point of appetite and receives hormonal and neural signals, which determine if you feel hungry or full.
hypothalamus
The _______ is the only organ in the human body that is capable of exporting nutrients for energy production to other tissues.
liver
The ________ breakdown of food is accentuated by the muscular contractions of the stomach and small intestine that mash, mix, slosh, and propel food down the alimentary canal.
mechanical
The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) considers all of the following except:
mental health
A __________ is a series of enzyme catalyzed reaction that transform the starting material (known as the substrate) into intermediates, that are the substrates for subsequent enzymatic reactions in the pathway, until, finally, an end product is synthesized by the last enzymatic reaction in the pathway.
metabolic pathway
Most individuals -who have successful weight loss report that their approach involved all of the following except:
more than ten hours of television or technology per a week
Which of the following lists includes - factors affecting energy intake?
physiology, genetics, societal influences, and psychological influences
_______ are live bacteria that confer beneficial health effects on their host.
probiotics
Which of the following structural elements of an atom are correctly matched with their charge?
protons = positive
All of the following are glands in the endocrine system except;
salivary
The mechanical breakdown of food is accentuated by the muscular contractions of the ________.
stomach
The ____________ utilizes a measuring tape to measure your waist circumference and your hip circumference at the widest part to predict disease risk.
waist-to-hip ratio
