Unit 1

The carbohydrate or protein in a food yields approximately ____ kilocalories per a gram, where as the triglycerides that compose the fat in a food yield ___ kilocalories per a gram.

4;9

The _________ promotes scientific, evidence based, research supported food and nutrition related information

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND)

In May 2016, a new Nutrition Facts label for packaged foods was announced. It includes all of the following except:

Actual colors/dyes used in foods

__________ tissue produces the hormone leptin, which communicates to the satiety center in the hypothalamus that the body is in positive energy balance.

Adipose

When reading nutrition related claims, articles, websites, or advertisements, you should look for

All of the above

_____ Is the nutritional assessment that takes different measurements to assess growth and body composition

Anthropometry

Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables rich in _________ and _______ promotes health.

Antioxidants; phytochemicals

Food manufacturers are required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to list on their packages if the product contains _____________.

Any of the eight most common ingredients that cause food allergies

All of the following nutrient claims must meet certain requirements except for?

Best

_________ is calculated using height and weight measurements and is more predictive of body fatness than weight alone.

Body mass index (BMI)

_________ is a measurement of the amount of calcified tissue in grams per centimeter squared of bone measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Bone mineral density (BMD)

All of the following are vitamins except

Calcium

The unit of measurement of food energy is called a

Calorie

The unit of measurement of food energy is called a:

Calorie

The typical meal now contains more _______ than it used to contain.

Calories

Which of the following is not classified as a nutrient?

Calories

Proteins do all of the following except

Can be stored in the body for future use as glycogen

Which of the following is the equation for Photosynthesis?

Carbon Dioxide (6CO 2) + Water (6H 2O) + Sunlight à Glucose (C 6H 12O 6) + Oxygen (6O 2)

______ is exhaled and _____ is inhaled through the respiratory system.

Carbon dioxide; oxygen

________ of food molecules begins when food enters the mouth, as the enzyme salivary amylase initiates the breakdown of the starch in foods.

Catabolism

Which of the following is the correct order of the levels of organization?

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism

In 2010, the Dietary Guidelines focused mainly on _________; while the 2015 Dietary Guidelines focused on ________.

Combating the obesity epidemic; eating patterns

The percentage of the _____________ represents the proportion of the total daily recommended amount that you will get from one serving of food.

Daily Value (DV)

The __________, in collaboration with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) , continually reviews new research and information from around the world on human nutrient requirements and recommended nutrient intakes.

Department of Nutrition for Health and Development

The organ system composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines is called the _______ system.

Digestive

Common signs of Pellagra include all of the following except:

Drinking

Access to fresh fruits and vegetables may be scant, particular for those who live in disadvantaged or remote areas, where cheaper food options are limited to convenience stores and fast food. This food influence is called___?

Economics

Recreational drug use includes all of the following except:

Energy Drinks

Dietary methods of assessing nutritional status include all of the following except

Exercise Log

Since 1980, the dietary guidelines have been reevaluated and updated every ____ years by the advisory committees of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Five

Health claims such as "reduces heart disease" must be evaluated by the __________ before it may appear on packaging.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Which group is responsible for preparing guidelines for food labeling within the food industry?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Lower economic prosperity influences diet specifically by lowering all of the following except:

Food costs

Using MyPlate, you should fill half of your plate with _________.

Fruits and vegetables

Minerals play a role in all of the following except

Fuel the brain

If a food label claims the product is a __________, it must contain from 10 to 19% if the nutrients daily values.

Good Source

__________ is an unpleasant sensation of feeling empty that is communicated to the brain by both mechanical and chemical signals from the periphery.

H

The _______________ is a standardized tool which assesses whether the American diet is conforming to the Dietary Guidelines.

Healthy Eating Index

The Mediterranean diet involves multiple ___________; moreover, ___________ is the main source of fat.

Herbs and spices; olive oil

The _________ comprises several types of white blood cells that circulate in the blood and lymph to seek, recruit, attack, and destroy foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses.

Immune System

The stages of ATP Production Pathways (Cellular Respiration) include all of the following except:

Light Dependent Reactions

Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?

Lipids

All of the following describe nutrients except?

Make up additives like dyes

Which food product serving should be the size of a deck of cards?

Meat

_______ is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions required to support cellular function and hence the life of an organism.

Metabolism

Two systems of commonly used measurements are ____ and US Customary

Metric

_________Are nutrients required by the body in lesser amounts but are still essential for carrying out bodily functions

Micronutrients

__________ tissue burns more calories even while at rest and thus the more a person has, the higher their basal metabolic rate (BMR).

Muscle

In the United States, the __________ passed in 1990 and came into effect in 1994

Nutrition Labeling and Education Act

________ are star-shaped cells that are networked throughout the bone via their long cytoplasmic arms that allow for the exchange of nutrients and other factors from bones to the blood and lymph.

Osteocytes

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed seven strategies to increase American's intake of fruits and vegetables. These strategies include all except:

Passing out free fruits and vegetables to low income families

Oils are essential for your diet as they contain valuable essential fatty acids, but the type you choose and the amount you consume is important. You should strive for oil that is ______.

Plant based

______ Are macromolecules composed of chains of subunits called amino acids

Proteins

All of the following are Nutritional Assessments except

Psychological Methods

The Scientific method includes all of the following except:

Publishing a paper/article

_________ have supportive evidence; whereas, ______ state that certain foods and nutrients have benefits for health even though no scientific evidence exists.

Qualified Health Claims; Structure/Function Claims

The steps of the Scientific Method in the correct order are?

Question, research, hypothesis, Analyze the data, and conclusion.

______ behavior is defined as the participation in the pursuits in which energy expenditure is no more than one-and-one-half times the amount of energy expended while at rest and include sitting, reclining or lying down while awake.

Sedentary

Food choices are influenced by all of the following except:

Sleeping patterns

All of the following are carbohydrates except

Sterols

_________ weight loss is defined as individuals intentionally losing at least ten percent of their body weight and keeping it off for at least one year.

Successful

The highest level of continuous intake of a particular nutrient that may be taken without causing health problems is called ____________.

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

Minerals are classified as

Trace or Macro

Which nutrient promotes normal body system functions?

Vitamins

All macronutrients contain calories except for

Water

The other nutrient we must have in large quantities is ____

Water

Which of the following plays a role in body weight and fatness?

all of the choices are correct

The "ideal" healthy body weight is dependent upon all of the following except

amount of blood

Cells are the basic building blocks of life, but ______ are the basic building blocks of all matter, living and nonliving.

atoms

The slippery mass of partially broken-down food is called a ___________.

bolus

In addition to aiding in movement, protecting organs, and providing structural support, red and white blood cells and platelets are synthesized in the __________.

bone marrow

Amino acids, short fatty acids, and monosaccharides are transported from the intestinal cells into the _________, but the larger fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and other lipids are transported first through the ___________.

capillaries; lymph system

Metabolism is either categorized as ________, referring to all metabolic processes involved in molecule breakdown, or anabolism, which includes all metabolic processes involved in building bigger molecules.

catabolism

New cells are made from preexisting _______, which divide into two.

cells

-All living organisms (including humans) harvest the energy in glucose via a biological process called _______.

cellular respiration

The byproducts of ________ are carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water, which plants use in their biological processes.

cellular respiration

________ is a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that also contains gastric juices secreted by cells in the stomach.

chyme

Which of the following is not a major food source of carbohydrates:

eggs

The unpaired ______ in free radicals destabilizes them, making them highly reactive.

electron

Atoms are more stable when their ________ orbit in pairs.

electrons

The ________ is responsible for regulating appetite, nutrient absorption, nutrient storage, and nutrient usage, in addition to other functions, such as reproduction.

endocrine system

The amount of ________ you expend every day includes not only the calories you burn during physical activity, but also the calories you burn while at rest (basal metabolism), and the calories you burn when you digest food.

energy

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that overweight and obesity are the ______ leading cause for deaths globally.

fifth

The reactivity of _______ is what poses a threat to macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and fatty acids.

free radicals

All of the following are part of the Immune System except:

gastric juices

The brain's main fuel is ________ and only in extreme starvation will it use anything else.

glucose

Bones are continuously growing and changing shape through two processes called _____ and ________

growth; modeling

The glands in the Endocrine System secrete ___________, which are biological molecules that regulate cellular processes in other target tissues.

hormones

The ______ in the brain is the main control point of appetite and receives hormonal and neural signals, which determine if you feel hungry or full.

hypothalamus

The _______ is the only organ in the human body that is capable of exporting nutrients for energy production to other tissues.

liver

The ________ breakdown of food is accentuated by the muscular contractions of the stomach and small intestine that mash, mix, slosh, and propel food down the alimentary canal.

mechanical

The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) considers all of the following except:

mental health

A __________ is a series of enzyme catalyzed reaction that transform the starting material (known as the substrate) into intermediates, that are the substrates for subsequent enzymatic reactions in the pathway, until, finally, an end product is synthesized by the last enzymatic reaction in the pathway.

metabolic pathway

Most individuals -who have successful weight loss report that their approach involved all of the following except:

more than ten hours of television or technology per a week

Which of the following lists includes - factors affecting energy intake?

physiology, genetics, societal influences, and psychological influences

_______ are live bacteria that confer beneficial health effects on their host.

probiotics

Which of the following structural elements of an atom are correctly matched with their charge?

protons = positive

All of the following are glands in the endocrine system except;

salivary

The mechanical breakdown of food is accentuated by the muscular contractions of the ________.

stomach

The ____________ utilizes a measuring tape to measure your waist circumference and your hip circumference at the widest part to predict disease risk.

waist-to-hip ratio