Unit 1 Concept 2: Chemistry of Life Study Guide

8. Explain the properties of water that make it such a unique molecule.

- Cohesion - Adhesion - High specific heat - Less dense as a solid - Terrific solvent

7. Describe the bonds that form within a water molecule and between different water molecules.

- Cohesion - attraction to molecules of the same substance causes HIGH surface tension - Adhesion - attraction that happens between two different molecules forms stronger bonds than cohesion

Matter

anything that has mass and occupies space

Hydrophilic

has an affinity for water, dissolves easily in water, water "loving"

4. Explain the difference between periods and groups and what each tells you about the atom.

- Groups - how many valence electrons an atom has - Periods - how many energy levels an atom has

6. Differentiate between polar and nonpolar molecules.

- Polar molecule - unequal distribution of charges; dissolves in water - Nonpolar molecule - no separation of charge; does not dissolve in water

Compound

2 or more atoms of different elements bonded together

Molecule

2 or more elements covalently bonded together

Isotopes

2 or more forms of the same element with different numbers of n^0

5. Explain why elements tend to form bonds in compounds and provide two examples of how they can do that.

All atoms want to be stable. They can do this by forming covalent and ionic bonds. Which is sharing/transferring electrons.

2. List the levels of organization that make up an organism, starting with an atom and ending with an organism.

Atom > Molecule > Organelle > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism

1. List the six elements necessary for life and give examples of three molecules that contain those elements.

Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Sulfur

3. Describe the three components that make up the structure of the atom, including their charge and specific locations within the atom.

Located in the nucleus is - Protons with a positive charge - Neutrons without an electric charge Surrounding the nucleus is - Electrons with a negative charge

Vocabulary

Matter Atom Cell Isotopes Valence electrons Compound Molecule Cation Anion Surface tension Solution Solute Solvent Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

Hydrophobic

does not have an affinity for water, does not dissolve easily in water, water "hating"

Solvent

does the dissolving

Anion

forms when an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged

Cation

forms when an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged

Cell

most basic unit of life

Surface tension

property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force

Valence Electrons

the electrons in the outermost energy level

Atom

the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element

Solution

uniform mixture of two or more substances

Solute

what gets dissolved