Unit 1
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases? (M v. M -- U.S. v L) A. ruled that national laws were supreme to state laws -- ruled that gun free school zones act was unconstitutional B. led to an increase in power for state governments -- led to an increase in power for the federal government C. declared that states did not have the power to tax the federal government -- declared that congress had implied powers to carry out enumerated powers D. established the power of judicial review -- established limits to the states' rights under the tenth amendment
A
The __________ Amendment says that says that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people. Question options: Eighth Tenth Eleventh First
10
"In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government; and the usurpations are guarded against by a division of the government into distinct and separate departments. In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist no. 51, 1788 Which of the following principles of US government is most consistent with the author's argument? Question options: separation of powers republicanism natural rights consent of the governed
A
An informal group advocating for a $15 minimum wage collects 590,000 signatures from registered voters in their state. In the next election, this initiative appears on the ballot for voters to decide whether it becomes a state constitutional amendment. This is an example of which of the following models of democracy? Question options: participatory democracy representative democracy pluralist democracy elite democracy
A
Which of the following was a way in which Shays's Rebellion demonstrated the weaknesses of the national government under the Articles of Confederation? Question options: It could not raise money to pay a militia to put down the rebellion. It could not negotiate with the Native American tribes who were in rebellion. It could not appoint army officers who were skilled enough to fight the rebels. It could not coin money to pay the veterans involved in the rebellion.
A
Why are the compromises that were necessary to secure ratification of the Constitution still debated today? Question options: They left some matters unresolved. The compromises did not account for changes in population. The compromises violated states' rights. They created strict requirements to change the Constitution.
A
"As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed . . . The diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 10 Which of the following statements best summarizes Madison's arguments? Question options: A large republic does not represent the interests of individuals. A direct democracy will best protect personal liberties. A large republic can control the negative aspects of factions. A small republic will help prevent factions.
A large republic can control the negative aspects of factions.
"In a pure democracy the people are the sovereign, and their will is declared by themselves; for this purpose they must all come together to deliberate, and decide. This kind of government cannot be exercised, therefore, over a country of any considerable extent; it must be confined to a single city, or at least limited to such bounds as that the people can conveniently assemble, be able to debate, understand the subject submitted to them, and declare their opinion concerning it." -Brutus No. 1 Which of the following political parties would have agreed with the ideological perspectives in the passage when it was written? Question options: Progressives Anti-Federalists Federalists Whigs
B
The importance of the separation of powers in the American government system is Question options: protection of citizens from government intrusion clearly defined responsibilities and authority for each branch limitations of the federal government's power prevention of regional alliances that disrupt national government
B
Which governmental principle does the right to a jury trial support? Question options: representative lawmaking individual liberties state rights sovereignty
B
In the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the federal government authorized the Justice Assistance Grant in order to provide states and local governments with the funding necessary to support a range of law enforcement and crime prevention programs. Which response illustrates the best rationale for the type of grant fitting this scenario? Question options: Revenue sharing is used to disburse part of the federal tax revenues to state and local governments for their unlimited use. Categorical grants are important to make sure states adhere to the project rules and regulations prescribed by the federal government. Mandates are important to make sure every state implements the same level of safety precautions to prevent future terrorist attacks. Block grants provide states with a great deal of flexibility in using federal funds to address specific local needs.
Block grants provide states with a great deal of flexibility in using federal funds to address specific local needs.
In 1972, the federal government established the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Recipients of aid must be women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or children under the age of 5 whose family income falls below 185% of the federal poverty line. This is an example of which of the following types of federal aid? Question options: mandates revenue sharing categorical grants block grants
C
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? Question options: Citizens should rebel against governments they disagree with. Society would be better if there were no governments. A government is only just if citizens have a voice in it. There is no such thing as a just government.
C
Which of the following aspects of the US Constitution best illustrates the concept of participatory democracy? Question options: the creation of the Electoral College the process for choosing Supreme Court justices the process for choosing members of the House of Representatives the ban on religious oaths as a condition of holding office
C
Read the passage and answer the following question. "In so extensive a republic, the great officers of government would soon become above the control of the people, and abuse their power to the purpose of aggrandizing themselves, and oppressing them. The trust committed to the executive offices, in a country of the extent of the United States, must be various and of magnitude." -Brutus No. 1 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? Question options: Citizens cannot hold distant elected representatives accountable for their actions. The United States is not large enough to require executive officers. Citizens should trust their elected representatives to act properly without supervision. Government officers will oppress citizens no matter the size of the republic.
Citizens cannot hold distant elected representatives accountable for their actions.
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of "separation of powers" in the US Constitution? Question options: Congress has authority over the federal budget, while the president appoints Supreme Court justices. Congress can pass a measure, while the Supreme Court can declare it unconstitutional. Congress can pass a measure, while the president can veto it. Mississippi can set educational policy for its students, while California can set education policy for its students.
Congress has authority over the federal budget, while the president appoints Supreme Court justices.
The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in government, resulting in healthy democratic compromise and balance, is called socialism rational choice elite power politics pluralism
d
A president issues an executive order banning newspapers from printing articles critical of the US government. The Supreme Court declares the executive order unconstitutional because it violates the First Amendment right to freedom of the press. This is an example of which of the following principles of US government? Question options: federalism popular sovereignty republicanism checks and balances
D
During the 1980s, members of the Republican Party advocated for devolution (transferring responsibilities for programs from the federal government to state and local governments). Which of the following describes a difficulty Congress might face in implementing devolution? Question 3 options: Due to the exclusive powers of the state governments, federal Congress is not permitted to make laws affecting citizens of the states. Due to the concurrent powers of state and national government, many programs are administered by both state and federal agencies. Due to the exclusive powers of the federal government, state governments are not permitted to tax citizens in order to fund programs. Due to the federal system, it is impossible to transfer power from one level of government to another.
Due to the concurrent powers of state and national government, many programs are administered by both state and federal agencies
Which of the following most likely accounts for the differences in state spending on education shown in the map? Question options: States with large populations tend to spend less on education than states with small populations. Education spending is determined by state governments, not the federal budget. Federal funding for education is allocated inconsistently across states. Massive state budget shortfalls in the 2013-2014 fiscal year in Southern and Western states.
Education spending is determined by state governments, not the federal budget.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of a present-day constitutional issue about democracy and governmental power? Question 1 options: Congress passing a law requiring restrooms in public buildings to be equipped with baby changing facilities Reducing the corporate tax rate as part of the 2017 tax reform bill FBI agents being able to obtain phone records without a judge's approval Congress passing a bill that will increase taxes on the top 1% of earners
FBI agents being able to obtain phone records without a judge's approval
The relationship between the states under the Articles of Confederation could best be described as which of the following? a strict hierarchy based on population a loose league of friendship an indivisible union a group of completely independent nations
b
The Three-Fifths Compromise is best defined as which of the following? Question options: A bill can only be passed with three-fifths majority of both the House and the Senate. Three-fifths of United States territory in 1787 would become slave states in 1800. For every five enslaved Africans, three would be counted for representation. Three-fifths of the Senate would be up for reelection every two years.
For every five enslaved Africans, three would be counted for representation.
Which of the following Supreme Court cases established that federal laws have supremacy over state laws? Question options: United States v. Lopez (1995) Marbury v. Madison (1803) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
The constitutional provision that allows Congress to expand its legislative power is the Question 6 options: Necessary and Proper Clause Supremacy Clause Commerce Clause Take Care Clause
Necessary and Proper Clause
"As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed . . . The diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 10 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? Question options: Political liberty is best protected in a participatory democracy. Political liberty is best protected by a small republic with a unicameral legislature. Political liberty is best protected by the fragmentation of political power in a large republic. Political liberty is least protected in a large republic with lots of factions.
Political liberty is best protected by the fragmentation of political power in a large republic.
A pivotal event that symbolized the problems with the Articles of Confederation and demonstrated the need to reform the Articles was Question 4 options: Shays' Rebellion the failure of all states to send troops for defense against a new British attack Nat Turner's Rebellion Bacon's Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion
Which of the following is a consequence of the allocation of power between the national government and state governments? Question options: National elections are more effective at influencing policy than state elections. Stakeholders and institutions have multiple access points to influence public policy. Citizens can influence public policy at the national level, but not the state level. States have the power to nullify national laws if they do not wish to implement them.
Stakeholders and institutions have multiple access points to influence public policy
Which statement about impeachment under the Constitution is true? Question options: An impeachment is the removal of a president. The House can impeach presidents but not other federal officials. The Senate has the sole power of impeachment. The House can impeach officials for "high crimes or misdemeanors."
The House can impeach officials for "high crimes or misdemeanors."
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of limited government? Question options: An unpopular governor is replaced with his opponent on election day. The Supreme Court ruled that a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional. A president is reelected after a successful first term in office. A senator decides to vote in favor of a law after a public opinion poll showing massive support in her district.
The Supreme Court ruled that a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional.
The debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists were primarily about which of the following issues? The need to establish a standard currency The scope of power of the central government The existence of slavery The right of the people to rebel
b
In United States v. Morrison (2000), the Supreme Court struck down the part of the Violence Against Women Act that made gender-motivated violence a federal crime, as it was not related to the Commerce Clause. Which prior Supreme Court case could be used as a precedent for the majority decision in United States v. Morrison (2000)? Question options: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) United States v. Lopez (1995) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Roe v. Wade (1973)
United States v. Lopez (1995)
"In revising the federal system we ought to inquire 1. into the properties, which such a government ought to possess, 2. the defects of the confederation, 3. the danger of our situation & 4. the remedy. The Character of such a government ought to secure 1. against foreign invasion, 2. against dissensions between members of the Union, or seditions in particular States, 3. to procure to the several States various blessings, of which an isolated situation was incapable, 4. to be able to defend itself against encroachment, & 5. to be paramount to the state constitutions." Edmund Randolph, as recorded in James Madison's journal, 1787 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? Question options: The United States would benefit from a stronger central government. Individual states should have the right to form alliances with foreign powers. State governments should be the primary political units of the United States. The United States should retain the Articles of Confederation.
a
Enumerated powers of the federal government include all of the following EXCEPT the power to regulate intrastate commerce coin money declare war regulate interstate commerce
a
Participatory democracy is best defined as which of the following? direct individual participation by citizens in political decisions that affect their daily lives limited political participation by a small group of people that make and influence political decisions individual citizens electing representatives who would then articulate and fight for their interests nongovernmental interest groups influence political decisions through lobbying and donations
a
Removal of a public official for crimes or abuse of power is an example of which of the following principles of American government? Question options: checks and balances republicanism federalism policymaking complexity
a
The Americans with Disabilities Act was widely unpopular with governors and mayors because it required that states and cities pay for federally mandated construction and remodeling. did not go far enough to establish equal access to public facilities. required that people with disabilities be given equal access to public facilities. required that buildings be retrofitted or remodeled to give equal access to people with disabilities.
a
The National Recovery Act of 1933, enacted by Franklin Roosevelt's administration to combat the Great Depression, vastly expanded the power of the federal government to regulate wages and labor standards. This scenario is an example of which of the following aspects of federalism? the changing balance of power between the states and federal government in response to societal needs the strict separation between the powers allocated to the federal government and powers allocated to state governments the application of checks and balances to multiple levels of government the growth in the power of state governments relative to the federal government over time
a
The procedure for formally amending the United States Constitution best illustrates which of the following? The federal structure of the United States government The Founding Fathers' desire to facilitate rapid constitutional revisions The dominance of the state governments over the national government The dominance of the national government over the state governments
a
Which of the following is an example of the constitutional design of checks and balances? The Senate rejects a president's nomination for secretary of state. The Federal Communications Commission revokes the license of a radio station for hate speech. The Supreme Court overturns a lower court's ruling on the application of the Fourth Amendment. The federal government requires state governments to provide unemployment insurance.
a
Which of the following statements is most consistent with Hamilton's argument in this passage? Question options: The lack of specific reference to something in the Constitution does not mean it is disallowed. Silence and abolition have the same essential meaning and can be used interchangeably. Trial by jury in civil cases is unacceptable because of jurors' lack of expertise. Jury trials in civil cases are not as important as jury trials in criminal cases.
a
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases? (McCullouch v Maryland)
led to an increase in power of the federal government --- recognized the importance of state sovereignty and local control
Which two were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? I. The federal government could not levy taxes. II. The executive branch was more powerful than Congress. III. The federal government could not raise an army. IV. Each state had two votes in a bicameral Congress. I and III III and IV II and IV I and II
a
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the views of the authors of Federalist No. 10 and Brutus No. 1?
a large republic will control factions by pitting them against each other --- a large republic endangers personal liberties
"As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed . . . The diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 10 Which of the following statements is most consistent with the author's argument in this passage? Only the wealthiest and most educated people should control the government. Factions, while inevitable, can be controlled. A large republic cannot meet the needs of all citizens. Political parties will strengthen the republic.
b
"In a pure democracy the people are the sovereign, and their will is declared by themselves; for this purpose they must all come together to deliberate, and decide. This kind of government cannot be exercised, therefore, over a country of any considerable extent; it must be confined to a single city, or at least limited to such bounds as that the people can conveniently assemble, be able to debate, understand the subject submitted to them, and declare their opinion concerning it." Brutus No. 1, 1787 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? Pure democracy is impossible. Participatory democracy does not work in large countries. Elite democracy is the best model of representative democracy. Countries should be limited to small territories.
b
"Our Debts being unfunded and unprovided for, the Interest cannot be paid. Those therefore who trusted us in the Hour of Distress are defrauded. To expect that under such Circumstances others will confide in the Government would be Folly, and to expect that Foreigners will Trust a Government which has no Credit with its own Citizens must be madness . . .The United States have call'd for eight Million of Dollars early in November last, of which the first quarterly Payment was to have been made on the first Day of April next. But I cannot find that a single State has laid the Taxes." Robert Morris, letter to the president of Congress, 1782 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? Question options: Foreigners are wrong to distrust US debtors. The national government under the Articles lacks necessary tax enforcement power. The US government should declare all pre-Revolutionary War loans null and void. State governments should retain all power of raising revenue through taxation in the United States.
b
"The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular states, but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other states: a religious sect may degenerate into a political faction in a part of the confederacy; but the variety of sects dispersed over the entire face of it, must secure the national councils against any danger from that source: a rage for paper money, for an abolition of debts, for an equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, will be less apt to pervade the whole body of the union." Publius (James Madison), Federalist #10, 1787 Which of the following models of representative democracy is most consistent with the passage? direct democracy pluralist democracy elite democracy participatory democracy
b
After a constitutional amendment has been proposed by both houses of Congress, its adoption requires support by a majority vote of the people. ratification by three-fourths of the states. signature by the president. official filing with the secretary of state.
b
Before the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution granted women the right to vote nationwide, 13 states allowed women the right to vote in their state elections. This is an example of which of the following aspects of federalism in the United States? Question options: State and local governments have more power than the federal government. State and local governments can become proving grounds for new ideas. Amendments to the US Constitution can easily be made in order to meet the needs of society. States frequently choose to ignore federal laws in favor of state laws.
b
In Federalist No. 10, Madison argued that the Constitution delegates authority to elected representatives. Which of the following constitutional provisions does this? Question options: the election of the President in Article II the election of members of the House of Representatives in Article I the appointment of the President's cabinet in Article II the appointment of Supreme Court justices in Article III
b
The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of state supremacy. a federal mandate. dual federalism. horizontal federalism.
b
The Necessary and Proper Clause is best defined as which of the following? The national government has authority over state or local governments. Congress has the power to carry out its enumerated powers. Each state must recognize and uphold laws passed by any other state. Congress has the power to regulate trade between states and with foreign countries.
b
To what expedient, then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist no. 51, 1788 Which of the following statements best summarizes Madison's argument? Government should keep people in their proper places. The structure of the government itself should limit its powers. The current structure of government is defective. Most methods for controlling government are inadequate.
b
Under the Articles of Confederation, which of the following were true? I. Congress could not tax the states directly. II. The executive branch of government exercised more power than Congress. III. Congress was a unicameral body. IV. States were represented in Congress proportionally according to population. I and IV I and III II and III I and II
b
Which of the following actions by the federal government best illustrates the concept of unfunded mandates? Requiring state governments to guarantee short-term bonds issued by large municipalities in their states Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services Requiring that polling booths remain open beyond the hours of the workday Requiring all municipalities to impose a minimum property tax on all residential and business properties
b
Which of the following clauses in the Constitution justifies the "implied powers doctrine" ? The debts and engagements clause The necessary and proper clause The contract clause The privileges and immunities clause
b
Which of the following constitutional principles most directly addresses the relationship between the national and state governments? The Bill of Rights Federalism Separation of powers Checks and balances
b
Which of the following describes an exclusive power of the federal government? setting education policy coining money regulating health care taxing citizens' income
b
Which of the following is a fundamental element of the United States Constitution? An executive branch that is more powerful than the legislature Division of government authority across political institutions Recognition of the centrality of political parties in government Direct election of members of the executive branch
b
Which of the following is a reason for the separation of powers? to create gridlock in government to prevent tyranny by any one branch to promote justice to ensure the power of the executive
b
Which of the following is a shared power between states and the federal government? social welfare activities power to tax control over money supply contract law
b
Which of the following is one example of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? The Articles required that the United States maintain a standing army, which was too expensive to fund. Amending the Articles required a unanimous vote of the states, which was nearly impossible. The Articles stipulated a steep tariff on foreign products that threatened to undermine American exports. The Articles placed too much power in the hands of the central government, which threatened to become tyrannical.
b
Which of the following procedures results in the addition of an amendment to the Constitution? Question options: The House and the Senate pass a Constitution Amendment Bill by a simple majority. Two-thirds of state legislatures propose a Constitution Amendment Bill, which is ratified by three-fourths of the states. Two-thirds of state legislatures propose a Constitution Amendment Bill which is ratified by three-fourths of the House and the Senate. The House and the Senate pass a Constitution Amendment Bill by a majority and the Supreme Court approves the bill.
b
In 1974, Congress created a program that grants money to state and local governments to help revitalize low income communities. State and local governments can decide how best to use their money and used it to rebuild streets, fund libraries, and fix drinking water systems. This is an example which of the following types of federal aid? Question options: block grants mandates revenue sharing grants categorical grants
block grants
Which of the following forms of financial aid from the national government gives the states the broadest discretion in the spending of money? Question options: block grants unfunded mandates categorical grants-in-aid foreign aid
block grants
"Because of our two-party system, voters often find themselves voting for the 'lesser of two evils,' rather than a candidate they really feel would do the best job. . . .Since most states distribute their electoral votes on a winner-take-all basis, the smaller party has no chance to gain support without seeming to take this support from one of the major parties. Few people will support a party that never wins, especially when they are supporting that party at the possible expense of their least favorite candidate taking power." Source: FairVote.org Which of the following governmental policies would the author of this passage most likely support? preventing third-party "spoilers" from running in national elections amending the Constitution to ban political parties reforming or elminating the Electoral College requiring all states to allocate electoral votes on a winner-take-all basis
c
SECTION 2 "The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States . . . The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative . . . SECTION 3 "The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote." -Sections 2 and 3 of the United States Constitution The excerpt above is the result of which compromise in the Constitutional Convention? Three-Fifths Compromise Compromise on the Bill of Rights Great (Connecticut) Compromise Compromise on the Electoral College
c
"The insurgents who were assembled at Worcester in Massachusetts have disbanded. The people at Boston seem to be glad at this event and say it was the effect of fear. But the fact is that the insurgents effected their object . . .The commotions of Massachusetts have wrought prodigious changes in the minds of men in that State [with regard to] the Powers of Government. Everybody says they must be strengthened and that unless this shall be effected there is no Security for liberty or Property. Such is the State of things in the east, that much trouble is to be apprehended in the course of the ensuing year." Henry Knox, letter to his former commander George Washington, 1786 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? Question options: Fear of the military power of the national government will put down future uprisings despite the events in Massachusetts. The insurgents in Massachusetts were right to rebel against the state government, which had imposed unfair restrictions on their liberties. The lack of centralized military power under the Articles of Confederation poses a serious threat to the stability of the United States. Americans should not overreact to incidents like the Massachusetts uprising by giving the national government more strength.
c
"To what expedient, then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist no. 51, 1788 Which of the following principles of US government is most consistent with the author's argument? Question options: social contract natural rights checks and balances participatory democracy
c
"When land-forces are raised by any state for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each state respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such state shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment." Articles of Confederation, Article VII, 1777 Which of the following is a consequence of the policy described in the passage above? Question options: The federal government had the power to negotiate treaties with other countries in times of peace. Each state had to have a reserve of men fit for military service, and had to send funds and men for the nation's common defense. The federal government did not have the power to create a centralized military during peace times. Each state was responsible for its own protection and could not request help from the federal government or other states.
c
"When the Articles of Confederation were drafted, Americans had had little experience of what a national government could do for them and bitter experience of what an arbitrary government could do to them. In creating a central government they were therefore more concerned with keeping it under control than with giving it the means to do its job." Edmund S. Morgan, The Birth of the Republic, 1763-89, 1956 Which of the following concepts is most consistent with the author's argument? Question options: natural rights participatory democracy limited government republicanism
c
A Senator wants to incentivize higher education for students from low-income families and wants to provide clear guidelines on how states implement those incentives. Which type of grant should she propose? Question options: a block grant a mandate a categorical grant a revenue sharing grant
c
In 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees people of the same sex to marry in the same manner as opposite-sex couples. Following this ruling, the National Organization for Marriage appealed to members of Congress encouraging them to pass an amendment to the Constitution defining marriage as a union between a man and a woman. This is an example of which of the following principles of American government? Question options: commitment to provide a republican form of government in every state executive veto of legislation multiple access points for stakeholders to influence policymaking power of the purse in Congress
c
In McCulloch v. Maryland , the Supreme Court established which of the following principles? The federal government has the power to regulate commerce. The federal Bill of Rights places no limitations on the states. States cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government. The judicial branch cannot intervene in political disputes between the President and Congress.
c
Republicanism is best defined as which of the following? the government's right to rule comes from the people the government should only have powers granted under the Constitution the interests of the people are represented through elected leaders the government should follow the principles of the Republican Party
c
Many scholars argue that categorical grants-in-aid do which of the following? Strengthen the impact of the Tenth Amendment Give states far too much power over national monies Broaden state power beyond that outlined in the Constitution Weaken the power of state governors and legislators
d
Which of the following is NOT a trait of a liberal democracy? Holding regular, frequent, and competitive elections Having a lively and free press Achieving income equality Protecting minority rights
c
Which of the following is the best example of a categorical grant? Money given to states unconditionally Money given to individuals in the form of tax rebates Money given to states for special education programs Money given to states to spend at their discretion on transportation
c
Which of the following procedures results in the removal of the President from office? Only the House votes for a bill of impeachment. The House and Senate vote for impeachment, and the Supreme Court reaches a guilty verdict. The House votes for impeachment, and the Senate conducts a trial and reaches a guilty verdict. The House and Senate both vote for a bill of impeachment.
c
Which of the following statements best explains the compromise behind the creation of the Electoral College? It was a compromise that dictated presidential impeachment procedures. It was a compromise between slave and free states over how enslaved Africans would be counted for representation. It was a compromise between big and small states so that states with larger population cannot control presidential elections. It was a compromise between Federalists and Anti-Federalists on the power of the Presidency.
c
What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has the means to thwart or influence actions by other branches of government? Question options: balances and powers weights and measures checks and freedoms checks and balances
checks and balances
"Given the increasing difference in size between the largest and smallest states, combined with other changes in the American political context[,] any effects of Senate apportionment are greater today than in the past. By reference to the one person, one vote standard, the Senate is the most malapportioned legislature in the world . . . Currently Wyoming, with fewer than half a million residents, enjoys the same level of representation as California, with more than 30 million." -Frances E. Lee and Bruce I. Oppenheimer, Sizing Up the Senate: The Unequal Consequences of Equal Representation, 1999 Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument? The Electoral College failed to anticipate growing population differences in small and large states, leading to unequal representation in the House of Representatives. The amendment process detailed in Article V gave large states an unfair advantage in ratifying new amendments in the Senate. The Three-Fifths Compromise gave small states too much representation in the Senate, leading to more filibusters. The Great Compromise failed to anticipate growing population differences in small and large states, leaving matters unresolved.
d
A member of the Senate makes a statement to the press that she was unsure of how she was going to vote on a bill. After numerous calls from her constituents asking her to vote for the bill, she votes in support of the bill. This is an example of which of the following democratic ideals? Question options: limited government natural rights social contract republicanism
d
A prominent example of the process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is trade reform. campaign finance reform. immigration reform. welfare reform.
d
In a federal system of government, political power is primarily vested in local governments. vested in the regional governments. divided between regional governments and local governments. divided between the central government and regional governments.
d
Which of the following actions by the federal government would most likely be considered an implied power based on the precedent established by McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)? requiring states to establish police stations every 15 miles establishing a law requiring all elections be held on a Saturday punishing all violent criminals with the death penalty outlawing the recreational use of marijuana
d
Which of the following describes the social contract theory as advanced by John Locke? It is an agreement between economic elites to maintain a stable economy. It is an agreement between political actors to maintain their grip on power. It is an agreement in which the government promises to provide a minimum standard of living to citizens. It is an agreement in which the government promises to protect the natural rights of people.
d
Which of the following is a consequence of the principle of separation of powers? Question options: The presidency has become more powerful than the other branches of government. There is an easy and efficient process for the government to pass and execute laws. State governments have become more powerful than the federal government. There are multiple access points for stakeholders and institutions to influence public policy
d
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? a. maintained national sovereignty over the states -- made states sovereign over the national government b. created a unicameral legislature with the power to coin money -- created a bicameral legislature with the power to regulate interstate commerce c. made the executive branch commander-in-chief of the armed forces -- gave congress the power to declare war d. created a weak central gov't with few independent powers -- created a strong national government with many powers
d
Which of the following is the most immediate consequence of impeaching a president? Question options: the president is removed from office the president is sent into exile the president is tried by the Supreme Court the president is tried in the Senate
d
"All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and the wellborn, the other the mass of the people. . . . The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore to the first class a distinct, permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second, and as they cannot receive any advantage by a change, they therefore will ever maintain good government." Alexander Hamilton, "Speech in the Constitutional Convention on a Plan of Government," 1787 Which of the following models of democracy is the author advocating? Question options: pluralist democracy elite democracy direct democracy participatory democracy
elite democracy
Elena Alvarez, a political scientist, decides to use this infographic to argue that the United States practices a particular model of democracy. Which of the following models would Elena most likely argue for, based on the infographic? Question options: participatory democracy direct democracy pluralist democracy elite democracy
elite democracy
Which of the following may Congress do to limit the power of the executive? Question options: declare an executive order unconstitutional veto a bill in the Senate impeach the president nominate a Supreme Court justice
impeach the president
Shays' Rebellion highlighted which of the following weaknesses of the national government under the Articles of Confederation? Question 5 options: lack of power to keep a standing army lack of power to regulate interstate commerce lack of power to tax the people directly lack of power to declare peace and war
lack of power to keep a standing army
Members of the National Organization for Women (NOW) protest a Congressional bill that eliminates protections for pregnant workers. After the bill passes, they form a letter-writing campaign hoping to influence the president to veto the bill. This is an example of which of the following principles of American government? government-mandated healthcare coverage the shift in political power from the legislative branch to the executive branch the central role of lobbying organizations in passing legislation multiple access points for stakeholders to influence policymaking
multiple access points for stakeholders to influence policymaking
"The Congress has the power...to create all laws that are necessary and proper..." can be found in which part of the Constitution? Question options: Article II Article I Article III The Bill of Rights
one
n June 2017, voters in Puerto Rico voted on a referendum to make Puerto Rico the 51st state of the United States. This is an example of which of the following models of democracy? Question options: indirect democracy elitist democracy pluralist democracy participatory democracy
participatory democracy
Read the passage and answer the following question. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence Which of the following ideas does the author of the passage advocate? Question options: checks and balances pluralism popular sovereignty constitutional monarchy
popular sovereignty
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the exclusive and concurrent powers of the federal government? Question options: Comparison A Comparison B Comparison C Comparison D
regulate the postal system -- establish courts
Several oil companies donate to a pro-fracking interest group after hearing that the federal government plans to pass a law banning fracking in the United States. The interest group then appeals to members of Congress in attempt to get them to vote against the bill. Which of the following democratic ideals does this scenario best exemplify? Question options: republicanism social contract limited government natural rights
republicanism
Which of the following statements best explains how the 14th Amendment has been interpreted to enhance federal power? the 14th Amendment gave Congress the right to regulate discrimination in states the 14th Amendment gave Congress the power to monitor and regulate voting booths the 14th Amendment gave Congress the power to nominate state governors the 14th Amendment gave Congress the power to regulate school curriculums
the 14th Amendment gave Congress the right to regulate discrimination in states
"In revising the federal system we ought to inquire 1. into the properties, which such a government ought to possess, 2. the defects of the confederation, 3. the danger of our situation & 4. the remedy. The Character of such a government ought to secure 1. against foreign invasion, 2. against dissensions between members of the Union, or seditions in particular States, 3. to procure to the several States various blessings, of which an isolated situation was incapable, 4. to be able to defend itself against encroachment, & 5. to be paramount to the state constitutions." Edmund Randolph, as recorded in James Madison's journal, 1787 Which of the following was a consequence of the ideas described in the passage? Question options: the decision to break ties with Great Britain and form the United States the addition of a bill of rights to the U.S. Constitution the development of a new national Constitution the creation of the Articles of Confederation
the development of a new national Constitution
"In so extensive a republic, the great officers of government would soon become above the control of the people, and abuse their power to the purpose of aggrandizing themselves, and oppressing them. The trust committed to the executive offices, in a country of the extent of the United States, must be various and of magnitude." -Brutus No. 1 Which constitutional provision would the author most likely support? Question options: the lifetime appointments of Supreme Court justices the addition of a Bill of Rights the selection of Senators by state legislatures the creation of the Electoral College
the selection of Senators by state legislatures
