Unit 2- Ap World

Banking houses and credit

These European banks developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade. Along with innovations such as bills of exchange, or bank drafts, and credit, the rise of banking houses supported the development of interregional trade in luxury goods. Credit: An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future.

Greco-Islamic Medical Knowledge

Traditional Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine continue to be practiced within the Mediterranean as well as in most Islamic countries. This medicine was developed during the Golden Age of Arab-Islamic civilization, which spanned from the seventh to the fifteenth century and extended from Spain to Central Asia and India.

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

Swahili city-states

Waring states that were always competing for control of trade routes and each other. established by swahili., Many of these city-states were Muslim and very cosmopolitan.

Arabic Numerals

A written number system created during the Gupta golden age in India, then adopted by the Islamic Empire before spreading further. Used throughout western civilization today.

Zheng He

An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death.

Astrolabe

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

Samarkand

An oasis town along the silk roads in central Asia; place where merchants & caravans found food, rest, lodging, and markets; became cosmopolitan center; conquered by the Mongols; During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential captial city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs.

Silk Road economic developments

Ancient Chinese trading had a huge influence on the economy. One of the largest trading routes of China was the Silk Road. Many different commodities were transported on the silk road such as, tea, Chinese money, salt, iron, spices, sugar, porcelain, cotton, ivory, wool, gold and silver. Developments were made in irrigation, crop-raising and breeding, building and handicrafts. Trade and commerce also flourished, and the Silk Routes became an increasingly important part of economic and cultural life, whilst coinage from this time serves as an indication of the political structure of the Kushan Empire.

Mongol Empire politics

By the time of Kublai's death in 1294, the Mongol Empire had fractured into four separate empires, or khanates. This weakness allowed the Han Chinese Ming Dynasty to take control in 1368, while Russian princes also slowly developed independence over the 14th and 15th centuries, and the Mongol Empire finally dissolved.

Luxury goods examples

Goods that have special qualities that make them more expensive than alternative goods - automobile, yacht, wine, bottled water, coffee, tea, foods, watches, clothes, jewelry, and high fidelity

Caravans

Groups of people traveling together for safety over long distances

Gunpowder

Invented within China during the 9th century, this substance was became the dominate military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century. The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets.

Paper money

Legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins. Paper money that was first used in China in the 9th century AD. Originally it was called 'flying money' (fei-chien) because it could blow out of your hand. To start with it was used by merchants as a note of exchange, but the government soon caught onto the idea and used it for forwarding tax payments. Real paper money backed by deposited money started in the 10th century.

Ibn Battuta

Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period.

bubonic plague

disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas.

Mongol Khanates

Regions held under control of Mongol Khans including Khanates of Chaghati, Golden Horde, the Great Khan and Ilkhanate of Persia.

Compass, Astrolabe, Caravel

Technology or new ship designs to help explorers make voyages of exploration

Sultanate of Malacca

The Malacca Sultanate was a powerful maritime and commercial empire that Shaped the political, social and cultural systems of the Malay Peninsula. Parameswara (1401 to 1511) was the founder of Malacca. He was a fugitive prince from the Palembang in Sumatra, and attack Palembang.

The monsoon winds

The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. (in India and nearby lands) the season during which the southwest monsoon blows, commonly marked by heavy rains; rainy season. any wind that changes directions with the seasons tied southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and east Africa together in a maritime trade route.

Caravanserais were

inns offering food and lodging for traveling merchants

Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders were called __________

junks

Camel Saddles

with the advent of these dromedary camels could now be used to transport iron technology. slaves, salt, and gold across the Sahara, and could be used in battle. It also facilitated the spread of Arabic language systems into Northern Africa