Unit 2 Chapter 3 Study Guide

The largest source of international immigrants to the United States is from

Mexico

According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, which group is most likely to move?

young adults

Population Centroid/Geographic Center

The mean center of population is determined as the place where an imaginary, flat, weightless and rigid map of the United States would balance perfectly if all residents were of identical weight.

Coyote

a person who smuggles Latin Americans across the US border, typically for a high fee

Net Migration

the difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

Diaspora

the dispersion of any people from their original homeland

The largest internal migration in history is

the rural to urban migration in China from 1970 to present

Transhumance is a

type of cyclical migration practiced by seminomadic herders

Which of the following is an example of counter-urbanization?

urban to rural migration

The type of migration in which a person chooses to migrate is called

voluntary migration

forced migration

where migrants have no choice but to relocate

Undocumented immigrants are migrants

who enter the destination country illegally

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration 7

women have a higher propensity to migrate than men

Guest Workers

workers who migrate to MDC in search of higher-paying jobs

When did the United States experience record numbers of immigrants?

- Late 19th Century - Early 20th Century

An obstacle faced by international migrants includes

- immigration quota laws - difficulty in adjusting to a new culture - citizens of the destination country are often hostile

Which of the following is an example of an intervening obstacle?

- laws imposing immigration quotas - the wall separating the West Bank from Israel - the demilitarized zone on the Korean Peninsula

Which of Ravenstein's Laws of Migration best reflects the Gravity Model and distance decay?

- most migrants are male - most migrants move move short distances - most long distance migrants move to large areas

An example of forced migration is/was

- removal of Native Americans to reservations - deportation of illegal immigrants out of a country - relocation of Japanese-Americans to internment camps

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration 4

Each main current of migration produces a compensating counter current

Which statement best describes settlement patterns of international migrants in urban areas?

Immigrants settle close to others from the same culture

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration 6

Rural people have a higher propensity to migrate than urban people

Internally Displaced Person

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border.

Asylum Seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee.

Rust Belt

The northern industrial states of the US, including Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the US and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate.

Cotton Belt

The term by which the American South used to be known, as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region. The same area is now known as the New South or Sun Belt because people have migrated here from older cities in the industrial north for a better climate and new job opportunities.

Which of the following was an example of forced migration?

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Sun Belt

US region, mostly comprised of southeastern and southwestern states, which has grown most dramatically since World War II.

Which of the following is an effect of chain migration on the area of destination?

Urban ethnic enclaves

Which of the following is an example of an intervening opportunity?

taking a high paying job while en route to an intended place

Mobility

all types of movement from one location to another

When a country suffers from a "brain drain" it means the country has experienced

an emigration of educated professionals

Intervening obstacle

an environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration

A physical landscape feature or political policy that hinders migration is

an intervening migration

Moving to locations because members of the same culture have already migrated there is known as

chain migration

Migration Transition

change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social economic changes that also produce the demographic transition

According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, every migration flow generates return flows called

counter migration

Which example is a not an environmental push?

desert environment in the American southwest

Floodpain

the area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends

Migration from a location is called

emigration

Push factors

factors that induce people to leave old residences

Pull factors

factors that induce people to move to a new location

Migration

form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location

Migration to a location is called

immigration

According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, long distance migrants tend to settle

in large cities

Quota

in reference to migration, a law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year

Over the past 30 years, the number of undocumented immigrants in the United States

increased because of the demand for menial labors

Which of the following is an example of a push factor?

lack of employment in a migrant's city of origin

White Flight

large scale migration of whites from urban regions to more racially homogenous suburban or rural towns

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration 5

long distance migrants tend to move to major cities

Emigration

migration from a location

All of the following are examples of "Brain Drain" except

migration of Mexican farmers to the United States

Immigration

migration to a new location

Ravenstein's laws of Migration 1

most migrants move only a short distance and major cities

Counterurbanization

net migration from urban to rural areas in MDCs

Which statement regarding interregional migration in the United States is most accurate?

people are migrating west

Refugees

people who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution

Undocumented Immigrants

people who enter a country without proper documents

Forced Migration

permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors

International Migration

permanent movement from one country to another

Interregional Migration

permanent movement from one region of a country to another

Voluntary Migration

permanent movement undertaken by choice

Internal Migration

permanent movement within a particular country

Intraregional Migration

permanent movement within one region of a country

Which of the following is an example of a pull factor?

plentiful jobs in the migrant's chosen destination

Reasons why a migrant is attracted to a specific destination are called

pull factors

Reasons why a person feels compelled to leave his or her home area are called

push factors

In developed countries, guest worker programs

recruit from LDCs to fill a need for unskilled labors

All of the following would be considered pull factors except

religious persecution in a migrant's chosen destination

Circulation

short term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis

A type of migration in which a person migrates in a series of short distance moves is called

step migration