Unit 4 pt. 2
A total of ___ pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain and brainstem.
1. 12
the spinal cord has __________ (number) pairs of cervical nerves, __________ (number) pairs of thoracic nerves and __________ (number) pairs of lumbar nerves.
1. 8 2. 12 3. 5
what is the basic embryonic structure that gives rise to the structures of the central nervous system?
1. Neural tube
cranial nerve VI is also called the ___________ nerve. *the name of the nerve, not the roman numeral
1. abducens
cranial nerve XI is also called the __________ nerve. *the name of the nerve, not the roman numeral.
1. accessory
the cerebral cortex is divided into what three functional areas? 1. association 2. motor 3. conscious 4. unconscious 5. sensory 6. involuntary
1. association 2. motor 3. sensory
the __________ nervous system controls smooth and cardiac muscle without conscious effort to independently maintain homeostasis
1. autonomic
the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the __________ nervous system.
1. autonomic
what innervates internal organs such as the salivary glands, stomach, and intestines? 1. somatic motor fibers of cranial nerves 2. somatic motor fibers of spinal nerves 3. autonomic motor fibers of cranial nerves 4. autonomic fibers of spinal nerves
1. autonomic motor fibers of cranial nerves 2. autonomic fibers of spinal nerves
the __________ of a neuron is also referred to as a nerve fiber.
1. axon
what functions are regulated by the autonomic nervous system? 1. body temperature 2. skeletal muscle contraction 3. breathing rate 4. movement of the eyeball 5. blood pressure 6. heart rate
1. body temperature 2. breathing rate 3. blood pressure 4. heart rate
nerves arising from the __________ plexus innervate the upper limbs and part of the neck and shoulder.
1. brachial
meninges are membranes that surround what structures? 1. brain 2. abdominal organs 3. heart 4. lungs 5. spinal cord
1. brain 2. spinal cord
what are the components of the central nervous system? 1. nerves 2. brain 3. spinal cord 4. sensory receptors 5. ganglia
1. brain 2. spinal cord
the part of the brain called the __________ extends from the base of the diencephalon to the spinal cord.
1. brainstem
what centers, or nuclei, are located in the medulla oblongata? 1. substantia nigra 2. cardiac center 3. respiratory center 4. vasomotor center 5. auditory reflex center
1. cardiac center 2. respiratory center 3. vasomotor center
what is the name of the structure formed within the vertebral canal by axons of motor and sensory neurons that extend inferiorly from the spinal?
1. cauda equina
the brain and spinal cord comprise the __________ nervous system.
1. central
where can cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) be found? select all that apply 1. between neurons 2. central canal of spinal cord 3. ventricles of brain 4. subarachnoid space 5. epidural space
1. central canal of spinal cord 2. ventricles of brain 3. subarachnoid space
the __________ is located inferior to the occipital lobe and posterior to pons.
1. cerebellum
what are the components of the brain? 1. cerebral hemispheres 2. spinal nerves 3. diencephalon 4. spinal cord 5. brainstem 6. cerebellum
1. cerebral hemispheres 2. diencephalon 3. brainstem 4. cerebellum
the subarachnoid space contains__________ fluid.
1. cerebrospinal
what are the functions of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)? 1. carries sensation from the skin of the face 2. carries sensory impulses from the sense of vision 3. controls muscles that move the eye 4. controls muscles that raise the eyelid 5. controls muscles of the pupil, to adjust the amount of light entering the eye
1. controls the muscles that move the eye 2. controls muscles that raise the eyelid 3. controls muscles of the pupil, to adjust the amount of light entering the eye
the brain occupies the __________ cavity and the spinal cord occupies the __________ canal.
1. cranial 2. vertebral
the brain occupies the __________ cavity and the spinal cord occupies the __________ canal.
1. cranial 2. vertebral
the area of the brain called the ___________ is located between the cerebral hemispheres, superior to the brainstem, and surrounding the third ventricle.
1. diencephalon
the epidural space is located between the __________ and the__________. 1. dura mater 2. arachnoid mater 3. pia mater 4. vertebrae 5. tissue of the brain
1. dura mater 2. vertebrae
indicate the order of connective tissue layers within a nerve, beginning with the superficial layer. 1. endoneurium 2. epineurium 3. peineurium
1. epineurium 2. perineurium 3. endoneurium
cranial nerve VII is also called the __________ nerve. *the name of the nerve, not the roman numeral.
1. facial
the very deep grooves of the brain, such as those separating the cerebral hemispheres or separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum, are called __________.
1. fissures
the primary motor area is found in the __________ lobe.
1. frontal
in the brain and spinal cord, __________ matter consists of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons, while __________ matter contains myelinated axons.
1. gray 2. white
what function of the autonomic nervous system are controlled by centers in the medulla oblongata? 1. water balance 2. body temperature 3. heart rate 4. hunger 5. respiration 6. blood pressure
1. heart rate 2. respiration 3. blood pressure
the brain develops from a neural tube with three cavities. list the cavities of the neural tube. 1. hindbrain 2. brainstem 3. cerebrum 4. forebrain 5. cerebellum 6. midbrain
1. hindbrain 2. forebrain 3. midbrain
Cranial nerve XII is also called the ____________ nerve. *the name of the nerve, not the roman numeral.
1. hypoglossal
the brain area that regulates visceral activities, maintains homeostasis and links the nervous and endocrine systems is called the _________.
1. hypothalamus
the commands for the autonomic regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst and water balance come from the area of the brain called the ___________.
1. hypothalamus
the autonomic nervous system controls activities of various internal organs via reflex centers. where are these reflex centers located? 1. thalamus 2. hypothalamus 3. cerebrum 4. spinal cord 5. brainstem
1. hypothalamus 2. spinal cord 3. brainstem
identify the functions of the sciatic nerve and its branches 1. innervates muscles of the anterior thigh 2. innervates muscles of the calf 3. innervates the skin of the anterior portion of the thigh 4. innervates the skin of the sole of the foot 5. innervates the muscles of the posterior thigh 6. innervates the skin of the posterior portion of the thigh 7. innervates the muscles of the gluteal region
1. innervates the muscles of the calf 2. innervates the skin of the sole of the foot 3. innervates muscles of the posterior thigh 4. innervates the skin of the posterior portion of the thigh
which are functions of the cerebellum? 1. integrates signals about body position 2. functions in intellect, emotions and personality 3. coordinates skeletal muscle contractions 4. maintains posture 5. associates memories with emotions
1. integrates signals about body position 2. coordinates skeletal muscle contractions 3. maintains posture
within a reflex arc, a neuron type called a(n)__________ lies between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron.
1. interneuron
spinal nerves exit the vertebral column through openings called the __________ foramina.
1. intervertebral
what are functions of the spinal cord? 1. it is a center for many reflexes 2. it cushions impact, serves as shock absorption 3. it is the center for sensory perception and intellect 4. it conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain
1. it is a center for many reflexes 2. it conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.
which are functions of the spinal cord? 1. it is a center for many reflexes. 2. it cushions impact, serve as shock absorption 3. it is the center for sensory perception and intellect 4. it conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.
1. it is a center for many reflexes 2. it conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.
the ventricles that are located within the cerebral hemispheres are the __________ ventricles.
1. lateral
because of the crossing over of nerve tracts, the __________ side of the brain communicates with the __________ side of the body, and vice versa.
1. left 2. right
within the brain, what is the name of the set of structures that work together to produce emotions and to guide behaviors associated with survival?
1. limbic system
indicate the components of the brainstem. 1. medulla oblongata 2. midbrain 3. cerebellum 4. pons 5. thalamus 6. hypothalamus
1. medulla oblongata 2. midbrain 3. pons
name the parts of the brainstem. 1. medulla oblongata 2. cerebrum 3. diencephalon 4. pons 5. midbrain 6. cerebellum
1. medulla oblongata 2. pons 3. midbrain
what are some functions of the cerebrum? 1. balance and coordination 2. memory storage 3. interpretation of sensory signals 4. intellect and reasoning 5. initiation of voluntary movements 6. reflexes for heart rate
1. memory storage 2. interpretation of sensory signals 3. intellect and reasoning 4. initiation of voluntary movements
identify the locations for the reticular formation 1. cerebellum 2. midbrain 3. thalamus 4. pons 5. medulla oblongata 6. cerebrum
1. midbrain 2. pons 3. medulla oblongata
a __________nerve contains both sensory and motor nerve fibers.
1. mixed
ventral roots consist of only ___________ fibers (axons) and dorsal roots consist of only __________ fibers (axons).
1. motor 2. sensory
the autonomic nervous system contains what type of nerve fibers? 1. afferent fibers 2. motor fibers 3. efferent fibers 4. sensory fibers
1. motor fibers 2. efferent fibers
what areas of the body are innervated by the lumbosacral plexus? 1. skin of the arm 2. muscles in the back 3. muscle in the thigh 4. skin of the thoracic wall 5. skin of the feet 6. lower abdominal wall
1. muscles in the thigh 2. skin of the feet 3. lower abdominal wall
what nerves are found in the lumbosacral plexus? 1. phrenic nerve 2. obturator nerve 3. sciatic nerve 4. intercostal nerve 5. femoral nerve 6. musculocutaneous nerve
1. obturator nerve 2. sciatic nerve 3. femoral nerve
cranial nerve III is also called the __________ nerve. * name of the nerve, not the roman numeral.
1. oculomotor
the name associated with cranial nerve II is the __________ nerves. *the name of the nerve, not the roman numeral
1. optic nerve
the __________ branch of the autonomic nervous system controls the activities of internal organs during times of rest.
1. parasympathetic
indicated the names of the cerebral lobes. 1. zygomatic 2. parietal 3. frontal 4. occipital 5. temporal 6. sphenoid
1. parietal 2. frontal 3. occipital 4. temporal
what are some general functions of the brain? 1. carries nerve signals to muscles and glands 2. perception of sensation 3. regulates visceral activity 4. carries sensory signals to the spinal cord 5. issues motor commands
1. perception of sensation 2. regulates visceral activity 3. issues motor commands
the somatic and autonomic nervous systems are subdivisions of the __________ nervous system.
1. peripheral
the layer of the meninges that is directly attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is the __________ mater.
1. pia
identify the three layers of meninges. 1. pia mater 2. arachnoid mater 3. dura mater 4. vertebral mater 5. spinal mater
1. pia mater 2. arachnoid mater 3. dura mater
what are the three columns of white matter found in the spinal cord? 1. posterior column 2. lateral column 3. anterior column 4. commissural column 5. central column
1. posterior column 2. lateral column 3. anterior column
an autonomic motor pathway consists of a(n) __________ and a(n) __________. 1. preganglionic fiber 2. postganglionic fiber 3. sensory neuron 4. interneuron
1. preganglionic fiber 2. postganglionic fiber
what are two types of normal sleep? 1. vegetative state 2. rapid eye movement 3. non-rapid eye movement 4. comatose state
1. rapid eye movement 2. non-rapid eye movement
a reflex begins when a(n) __________ (located on a dendrite of a sensory neuron) senses a specific type of internal or external environment change.
1. receptor
a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus is called a(n) __________.
1. reflex
a(n) __________ helps maintain homeostasis by controlling involuntarily processes and carrying out automatic protective responses (i.e. coughing, sneezing, vomiting)
1. reflex
what are some characteristics of motor neurons in a reflex arc? 1. sends signals away from the central nervous system. 2. found only within gray matter of the CNS 3. sends signals to an effector 4. sends signals from a sensory neuron to an interneuron.
1. sends signals away from the central nervous system 2. sends signals to an effector
within a reflex arc, the __________ neurons conducts nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system.
1. sensory
when classifying spinal cord tracts as ascending or descending, ascending tracts carry __________ information to the brain while descending tracts carry __________ impulses from the brain to the periphery.
1. sensory 2. motor
indicate, in the correct order, the components of a reflex arc. 1. interneuron 2. sensory receptor 3. motor neuron 4. sensory neuron 5. effector organ
1. sensory receptor 2. sensory neuron 3. interneuron 4. motor neuron 5. effector organ
indicate, in the correct order, the components of a reflex arc. 1. effector organ 2. sensory receptor 3. interneuron 4. motor neuron 5. sensory neuron
1. sensory receptor 2. sensory neuron 3. interneuron 4. motor neuron 5. effector organ
what nervous system structure begins at the foramen magnum and extends through the vertebral canal?
1. spinal cord
the neural tube is an embryonic structure that gives rise to what structures? 1. spinal nerves 2. spinal cord 3. cranial nerves 4. brain
1. spinal cord 2. brain
what are the components of the central nervous system? 1. ganglia 2. spinal cord 3. sensory receptors 4. nerves 5. brain
1. spinal cord 2. brain
the peripheral nervous system includes __________ and __________. 1. interneurons 2. spinal nerves 3. cranial nerves 4. nerve tracts 5. brain 6. spinal cord
1. spinal nerves 2. cranial nerves
identify the function(s) of the cervical plexuses. 1. supply motor impulses to muscle of the neck 2. supply motor impulses to the diaphragm 3. supply motor impulses to the muscles of the face 4. transmit sensory information frim skin of the neck to the central nervous system 5. transmit sensory information from the face to the central nervous system
1. supply motor impulses to muscles of the neck 2. supply motor impulses to the diaphragm 3. transmit sensory information from skin of the neck to the central nervous system
the _________ branch of the autonomic nervous system controls the activities of body systems during stressful situations.
1. sympathetic
indicate the names of the cerebral lobes. 1. temporal 2. sphenoid 3. parietal 4. frontal 5. occipital 6. zygomatic
1. temporal 2. parietal 3. frontal 4. occipital
identify the correct statement(s) about axons within a spinal cord tract. 1. each individual spinal cord tract conducts sensory information from the same dermatome 2. their cell bodies are all located in the same region of the nervous system 3. they all terminate together at the same location (different from where they originated) 4. sensory axons are in the gray matter of the spinal cord and motor axons are in the white matter of the spinal cord
1. their cell bodies are all located in the same region of the nervous system 2. they all terminate together at eth same location (different from where they originated).
indicate the statements that describe the lateral ventricles. 1. they are the smallest ventricle 2. they connect the third and fourth ventricles 3. they are the largest ventricle 4. they are located in the midline of the brain 5. they are located in the cerebral hemispheres
1. they are the largest ventricle 2. they are located in the cerebral hemispheres
identify the five major nerves of the brachial plexus. 1. ulnar nerve 2. phrenic nerve 3. obturator nerve 4. sciatic nerve 5. radial nerve 6. median nerve 7. musculocutaneous nerve 8. axillary nerve
1. ulnar nerve 2. radial nerve 3. median nerve 4. musculocutaneous nerve 5. axillary nerve
cranial nerve X is also called the __________ nerve *the name of the nerve, not the roman numeral
1. vagus
cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid are called __________.
1. ventricles
which describes a mixed nerve? A. a nerve containing both sensory and motor nerve fibers B. a nerve containing both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
A. a nerve containing both sensory and motor nerve fibers
in the __________, the gray matter is superficial and white matter is deep. but in the __________, the white matter is superficial and gray matter is deep. A. brain; spinal cord B. spinal cord; nerves C. nerves; brain D. spinal cord; brain
A. brain; spinal cord
what are tracts in the nervous system? A. bundles of myelinated axons B. bundles of unmyelinated axons C. masses of cell bodies D. masses of dendrites
A. bundles of myelinated axons
the __________ is divided into two hemispheres. A. cerebrum B. hypothalamus C. brainstem
A. cerebrum
indicate the cranial nerve number for the olfactory nerve. A. cranial nerve I B. cranial nerve III C. cranial nerve II
A. cranial nerve I
indicate the cranial nerve number for the trigeminal nerve. A. cranial nerve V B. cranial nerve IV C. cranial nerve III
A. cranial nerve V
the hypothalamus is part of which area of the brain? A. diencephalon B. cerebellum C. midbrain D. cerebrum
A. diencephalon
what is the outer layer of the meninges called? A. dura mater B. pia mater C. arachnoid mater
A. dura mater
what structure marks the superior end of the spinal cord? A. foramen magnum B. medullary cone C. cauda equina
A. foramen magnum
the spinal cord begins at the __________ and ends at vertebrae __________. A. foramen magnum; lumbar 1- lumbar 2 B. foramen magnum; lumbar 4- lumbar 5 C. brainstem; thoracic 4- thoracic 5
A. foramen magnum; lumbar 1- lumbar 2
nerve fibers associated with skin, skeletal muscles, glands and viscera are called __________ fibers and those associated with specialized structures such as eyes, ears, and tongue muscles are called __________ fibers. A. general; special B. motor; sensory C. sensory; motor D. special; general
A. general; special
what area(s) of the body do cranial nerves innervate? A. head, neck, some parts of trunk B. thoracic cavity, arms and pectoral girdle C. abdominal cavity, legs and pelvic girdle
A. head, neck, some parts of trunk
what are the membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord? A. meninges B. neuroglia C. pleurae D. vertebrae E. peritoneum
A. meninges
A __________ nerve contains only efferent nerve fibers. A. motor B. sensory C. mixed
A. motor
what is another commonly used name for an axon of a neuron? A. nerve fiber B. dendrite C. schwann cell D. node of ranvier
A. nerve fiber
at an organ or effector that is innervated by both the SNS and PSNS, what is the typical type of response to stimulation by these nervous systems? A. one would inhibit the organ and one would activate the organ B. both would inhibit the organ C. both would activate the organ D. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems never innervate the same organ/effector.
A. one would inhibit the organ and one would activate the organ.
what are the gyri of the cerebrum? A. ridges of tissue B. hollow spaces within each hemisphere C. indentations on the cerebral surface
A. ridges of tissue
the function of __________ areas of the cerebrum is to receive input from receptors, producing sensations. A. sensory B. motor
A. sensory
what are the two stages of memory? A. short term and long term B. fast and slow C. cerebral and cerebellar D. conscious and unconscious
A. short term and long term
what areas of the body does the cervical plexus innervate? A. skin and muscles of the neck B. skin and muscles of the lower limb C. skin and muscles of the upper limb D. skin and muscles in the trunk
A. skin and muscles of the neck
what part of the brain acts as a gateway for sensory impulses and channels them to appropriate regions of the cortex for interpretation? A. thalamus B. hypothalamus C. occipital lobe D. infundibulum
A. thalamus
what are the origins of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons? A. the brainstem and the sacral regions of spinal cord B. the thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord
A. the brainstem and the sacral regions of spinal cord
preganglionic and postganglionic fibers form the motor pathways for the __________ nervous system. A. somatic B. autonomic
B. autonomic
indicate the cranial nerve number for the optic nerve A. cranial nerve 1 B. cranial nerve II C. cranial nerve III D. cranial nerve IV
B. cranial nerve II
indicate the cranial nerve number for the trochlear nerve A. cranial nerve III B. cranial nerve IV C. cranial nerve V D. cranial nerve VI
B. cranial nerve IV
indicate the cranial nerve number for the trochlear nerve. A. cranial nerve III B. cranial nerve IV C. cranial nerve V D. cranial nerve VI
B. cranial nerve IV
the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves make up the __________ nervous system. A. central B. peripheral
B. peripheral
what part of the brain sits just inferior to the midbrain? A. medulla oblongata B. pons C. cerebrum D. diencephalon
B. pons
Where is the cerebellum located? A. superior to the diencephalon B. posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata C. anterior to the midbrain and pons D. inferior to the frontal lobe
B. posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata
what are sulci? A. ridges of tissue on the cerebrum B. shallow grooves C. protective membranes that covers the brain D. connections between the cerebral hemispheres
B. shallow grooves
motor impulses that control skeletal muscles are handled by the __________ nervous system. A. autonomic B. somatic
B. somatic
indicate the origins of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. A. the brainstem and the sacral regions of spinal cord B. the thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord
B. the thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord
what is the corpus callosum? A. a layer of dura mater between the cerebral hemispheres B. a par to of the brain that controls the endocrine system C. a bundle of axons that connects the cerebral hemispheres D. a relay station fo incoming sensory signals
C. a bundle of axons that connects the cerebral hemispheres
describe the cauda equina A. a thin cord of connective tissue running from conus medullaris to the coccyx B. an enlarged area of the spinal cord, thickened due to a large number of spinal nerves associated with it C. a bundle of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from the conus medullaris
C. a bundle of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from the conus medullaris
typically, most organs controlled by the autonomic nervous system receive innervation from which division(s)? A. sympathetic only B. parasympathetic only C. both parasympathetic and sympathetic
C. both parasympathetic and sympathetic
indicate the cranial nerve number for the vestibulocochlear nerve. A. cranial nerve VI B. cranial nerve VII C. cranial nerve VIII D. cranial nerve IX
C. cranial nerve VIII
which term refers to the differences in function between the right and left sides of the cerebrum? A. neural plasticity B. cognitive processing C. hemispheric dominance D. aphasia
C. hemispheric dominance
what are some parts of the brainstem? A. cerebrum and basal nuclei B. thalamus and hypothalamus C. midbrain and pons D. cerebellum and spinal cord
C. midbrain and pons
what factor explains the differences in effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems on a particular effector organ? A. different length of postganglionic fibers B. different origin of the preganglionic fibers C. release of different neurotransmitters
C. release of different neurotransmitters
what does the longitudinal fissure separate? A. right and left halves of the spinal cord B. right and left cerebellar hemispheres C. right and left cerebral hemispheres D. right and left sides of the brain stem
C. right and left cerebral hemispheres
the medulla oblongata is superior what structure? A. midbrain B. pons C. spinal cord D. thalamus
C. spinal cord
indicate the structure that is part of the diencephalon? A. basal nuclei B. corpus callosum C. thalamus D. hippocampus
C. thalamus
which direction does a sensory nerve conduct impulses? A. both towards and away from the brain and spinal cord B. away from the brain and spinal cord C. towards the brain and spinal cord
C. towards the brain and spinal cord
motor signals leave the spinal cord through the__________ roots, while sensory signals enter the spinal cord through the __________ roots. A. posterior; anterior B. posterior; posterior C. anterior; anterior D. anterior; posterior
D. anterior; posterior
areas of cerebral cortex that interpret sensory impulses and handle reasoning and judgement are called __________ areas. A. motor B. speech C. Wernicke's D. association
D. association
where is the midbrain located? A. between the pons and the cerebellum B. between the cerebrum and the diencephalon C. between the pons and the medulla oblongata D. between the diencephalon and the pons
D. between the diencephalon and the pons
cranial nerves originate from the __________ and spinal nerves originate from the __________. A. brain; brain B. spinal cord; spinal cord C. brain and spinal cord; brain and spinal cord D. brain; spinal cord
D. brain; spinal cord
the cranial cavity contains the __________, and the vertebral canal contains the __________. A. spinal cord; brain B. abdominal organs; spinal cord C. lungs; brain D. brain; spinal cord
D. brain; spinal cord
cranial nerve IX is also called the ___________ nerve. *name of the nerve, not the roman numeral A. vagus B. hypoglossal C. vestibulocochlear D. glossopharyngeal
D. glossopharyngeal
what term is used to describe an axon of a neuron? A. meninge B. nerve C. epineurium D. nerve fiber
D. nerve fiber
which term refers to a temporary state of unconsciousness from which one can awaken when stimulated? A. coma B. death C. paralysis D. sleep
D. sleep
where is the white matter in the spinal cord? A. inferior to the gray matter B. deep to the gray matter C. distal to the gray matter D. superficial to the gray matter
D. superficial to the gray matter
what is the function of the choroid plexus? A. to provide a channel for CSF to flow from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle. B. to surround and protect the brain. C. to connect the arachnoid and pia maters. D. to regulate the composition of cerebrospinal fluid
D. to regulate the composition of cerebrospinal fluid
True or False: Most organs are innervated by either the sympathetic nervous system or the parasympathetic nervous system, but not both.
False
place the parts of a neuron in the appropriate category Gray matter White matter items: 1. unmyelinated axons 2. myelinated axons 3. cell bodies
Gray matter: unmyelinated axons cell bodies White matter: myelinated axons
what is the general name of the areas of gray matter found deep in the white matter of the cerebrum (including caudate and putamen)?
basal ganglia
what is the name of the descending roots of the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves that extend below the spinal cord but remain in the vertebral canal?
cauda equina
what is the name of the narrow channel in the spinal cord that contains CSF?
central canal
match the cranial nerve with the location the nerve arises from in the brain. cerebrum - cranial nerve III- XII thalamus - cranial nerve II brainstem - cranial nerve I
cerebrum - cranial nerve I thalamus - cranial nerve II brainstem - cranial nerve III - XII
indicate whether each of the responses is due to parasympathetic or sympathetic innervation. parasympathetic response sympathetic response Items: 1. decreased breathing (constriction of bronchioles of the lungs) 2. constriction of pupil of the eye 3. decreased salivary gland secretion 4. increased heart rate 5. increased secretion of salivary glands 6. dilation of pupils in the eye 7. increased breathing (dilation of bronchioles of the lungs) 8. decreased heart rate
parasympathetic response: 1. decreased breathing (constriction of bronchioles of the lungs) 2. constriction of pupil of the eye 3. increased secretion of salivary glands 4. decreased heart rate sympathetic response: 1. decreased salivary gland secretion 2. dilation of pupils in the eye 3. increased heart rate 4. increased breathing (dilation of bronchioles of the lungs)