unit 4 test

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________. a. encoding; detection b. detection; interpretation c. interpretation; organization d. organization; accommodation e. threshold; transduction

detection; interpretation

Low-pitched sounds are to high-pitched sounds as ________ colors are to ________ colors. a. red; blue b. yellow; red c. purple; green d. green; orange e. purple; red

red; blue

Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as a. linear perspective. b. texture gradient. c. relative height. d. relative clarity. e. interposition.

relative height.

An 80-decibel sound is ________ times louder than a 60-decibel sound. a. 2 b. 10 c. 20 d. 100 e. 200

100

The 130-decibel sound of a rock band is ________ times louder than the 100-decibel sound of a nearby subway train. a. 2 b. 10 c. 30 d. 100 e. 1000

1000

If the just-noticeable difference for a 10-ounce weight is 1 ounce, the just noticeable difference for an 80-ounce weight would be ________ ounce(s). a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8 e. 10

8

Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts? a. evolutionary psychologists b. parapsychologists c. behaviorists d. Gestalt psychologists e. Psychoanalysts

Gestalt psychologists

During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could hardly detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall's a. subliminal threshold. b. absolute threshold. c. adaptation threshold. d. difference threshold. e. auditory threshold.

absolute threshold.

Which of the following is true of psychics who have worked with police departments in an effort to solve difficult crimes? a. They have demonstrated the value of clairvoyance. b. They have used telepathy to read the mind of the criminal. c. They have used precognition to forewarn the police of criminal acts. d. They have provided useful predictions using all their powers in 90 percent of the cases. e. They have reported visions that are no more accurate than guesses.

They have reported visions that are no more accurate than guesses.

Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates a. the opponent-process theory. b. accommodation. c. the McGurk effect. d. sensory adaptation. e. Weber's law.

Weber's law.

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as a. the opponent-process theory. b. Weber's law. c. feature detection. d. sensory interaction. e. difference threshold.

Weber's law.

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ________ theory. a. frequency b. Young-Helmholtz c. gate-control d. opponent-process e. signal detection

Young-Helmholtz

When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate a. the McGurk effect. b. sensory adaptation. c. the volley principle. d. a placebo effect. e. accommodation.

a placebo effect.

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have. a. accommodation level b. absolute threshold c. tolerance level d. olfactory saturation level e. adaptation level

absolute threshold

If an adult develops cataracts, his or her a. absolute threshold for light is likely to increase. b. difference threshold for light is likely to decrease. c. absolute threshold for light is likely to decrease. d. difference threshold for light is likely to remain unchanged. e. absolute threshold for light is likely to remain the same.

absolute threshold for light is likely to increase.

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the a. adaptation threshold. b. difference threshold. c. subliminal threshold. d. absolute threshold. e. change threshold.

absolute threshold.

The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that a. an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects. b. the retina has three types of color receptors. c. the brain processes information about color and shape simultaneously. d. quivering eye movements help to maintain the perception of color. e. color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes.

an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects.

A subliminal message is one that is presented a. while an individual is under hypnosis. b. below one's absolute threshold for awareness. c. in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive. d. with very soft background music. e. repetitiously.

below one's absolute threshold for awareness.

Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the following four sensations a. sweet, salty, starch, and bitter. b. salty, fatty, bitter, and sweet. c. sour, bitter, sweet, and starchy. d. bitter, sweet, sour, and salty. e. fruity, fatty, silky, and coarse.

bitter, sweet, sour, and salty.

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the a. blind spot. b. pupil. c. visual cortex. d. cornea. e. lens.

blind spot.

Certain stroke victims report seeing nothing when shown a series of sticks, yet they are able to correctly report whether the sticks are vertical or horizontal. This best illustrates a. prosopagnosia. b. serial processing. c. the McGurk effect. d. sensory interaction. e. blindsight.

blindsight

Ms. Shields, a recent stroke victim, cannot consciously perceive the large book on the coffee table in front of her. Yet, when urged to identify the book, she correctly reads aloud the printed title on the book cover. Her response best illustrates a. subliminal perception. b. sensory adaptation. c. synaesthesia. d. blindsight. e. the McGurk effect.

blindsight

The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light. a. absolute threshold b. brightness c. hue d. difference threshold e. wavelength

brightness

Deaf culture advocates are most likely to object to the use of cochlear implants for a. children who have been deaf from birth. b. adults who have experienced a loss of both vision and hearing. c. children who have never learned sign language. d. adults whose hearing becomes impaired later in their lives. e. non-deaf patients.

children who have been deaf from birth.

The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the a. eustachian tube. b. auditory canal. c. semicircular canal. d. cochlea. e. vestibular apparatus.

cochlea

The retina is to the eye as the ________ is to the ear. a. auditory nerve b. cochlea c. auditory canal d. eardrum e. eustachian tube

cochlea

Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry professor several times a week, she didn't recognize the professor when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of a. visual capture. b. context effects. c. proximity. d. relative clarity. e. perceptual adaptation.

context effects.

The horizon Moon appears to shrink in size if it is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates the importance of a. relative clarity. b. stroboscopic movement. c. perceptual adaptation. d. context effects. e. visual capture.

context effects.

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called a. retinal disparity. b. visual capture. c. perceptual constancy. d. depth perception. e. sensory interaction.

depth perception.

Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of a. sensory adaptation. b. subliminal stimulation. c. difference thresholds. d. parallel processing. e. the vestibular sense.

difference thresholds.

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of a. absolute thresholds. b. difference thresholds. c. sensory adaptation. d. sensory interaction. e. parallel processing.

difference thresholds.

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina? a. accommodation of the lens b. transduction of the blind spot c. dilation of the pupil d. sensory adaptation of feature detectors e. focusing light effectively on the fovea.

dilation of the pupil

Sensory adaptation refers to a. the process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural impulses. b. diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. c. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. d. changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects. e. increasing perception of a constant, annoying stimuli.

diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.

If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection, he experiences more pain than if he closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food. This illustrates the value of ________ for pain control. a. sensory adaptation b. perceptual adaptation c. subliminal stimulation d. distraction e. blindsight

distraction

Which of the following pain control techniques is emphasized in the Lamaze method of childbirth training? a. accommodation b. acupuncture c. subliminal stimulation d. kinesthesis e. distraction

distraction

A cochlear implant converts sounds into a. decibels. b. electrical signals. c. air pressure changes. d. fluid vibrations. e. neurotransmitters.

electrical signals.

When given a placebo that is said to relieve pain, we are likely to be soothed by the brain's release of a. umami. b. nociceptors. c. endorphins. d. feature detectors. e. synapses.

endorphins

On a cloudy day, a yellow flower is likely to appear ________ it does on a bright sunny day. a. less colorful than b. less yellow than c. equally as yellow as d. more yellow than e. whiter than

equally as yellow as

To those throwing a very heavy rather than a light object at a target, the target is likely to be perceived as a. softer. b. slower moving. c. larger. d. farther away. e. more difficult.

farther away.

When looking at the hands of a clock showing 8 o'clock, certain brain cells in the visual cortex are more responsive than when the hands show 10 o'clock. This is most indicative of a. sensory interaction. b. feature detection. c. parallel processing. d. perceptual adaptation. e. accommodation.

feature detection.

A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________. a. light and shadow; relative height b. closure; continuity c. lightness constancy; relative height d. figure; ground e. proximity; similarity

figure; ground

The cochlea is a a. fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. b. fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of upright body position. c. fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of body movement. d. set of three tiny bones that amplify the vibrations of the eardrum. e. specific area of the auditory cortex.

fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.

Visual information is processed by a. feature detectors before it is processed by rods and cones. b. ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors. c. bipolar cells before it is processed by rods and cones. d. feature detectors before it is processed by bipolar cells. e. the optic nerve before it is processed by ganglion cells.

ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors.

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is a. yellow. b. red. c. green. d. blue. e. white.

green

According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to a. green light are inhibited by exposure to blue light. b. yellow light are inhibited by exposure to red light. c. green light are inhibited by exposure to red light. d. red light are inhibited by exposure to blue light. e. yellow light are inhibited by exposure to green light.

green light are inhibited by exposure to red light.

Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition. a. eardrums b. cochleas c. oval windows d. hair cells e. semicircular canals

hair cells

The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by a. hair cells. b. the eardrum. c. the oval window. d. the auditory cortex. e. the vestibular apparatus.

hair cells.

Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to a. have lost visual receptor cells in her eyes. b. be unable to perceive figure-ground relationships. c. have inadequate neural connections in her visual cortex. d. be unable to sense colors. e. see normally since her main visual receptors (retinas) were unaffected.

have inadequate neural connections in her visual cortex.

Effectively designing physical environments— such as the layout of a kitchen—in a way that maximizes safe and efficient meal preparation is of special interest to a. Gestalt psychologists. b. evolutionary psychologists. c. human factors psychologists. d. parapsychologists. e. cognitive-behavioral psychologists.

human factors psychologists.

Dilation and constriction of the pupil are controlled by the a. optic nerve. b. lens. c. retina. d. iris. e. cornea.

iris

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the a. lens. b. iris. c. retina. d. optic nerve. e. feature detectors.

iris

With her eyes closed, Sierra can accurately touch her mouth, nose, and chin with her index finger. Sierra's accuracy illustrates the importance of a. accommodation. b. kinesthesis. c. sensory interaction. d. sensory adaptation. e. feature detectors.

kinesthesis

The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the a. inability to subject claims of ESP to scientific testing. b. lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon. c. willingness of many experts to accept fraudulent evidence. d. difficulty of persuading many ordinary people that there really is such a thing as ESP. e. challenges to the ethics of most ESP experiments using human subjects.

lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon.

Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curve and thickness of the a. rods and cones. b. lens. c. bipolar cells. d. optic nerve. e. cornea.

lens

Jody's horse looks just as black in the brilliant sunlight as it does in the dim light of the stable. This illustrates what is known as a. perceptual set. b. perceptual adaptation. c. sensory interaction. d. lightness constancy. e. the phi phenomenon.

lightness constancy.

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as a. interposition. b. closure. c. relative height. d. linear perspective. e. continuity.

linear perspective.

A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately a. locating sounds. b. detecting pitch. c. recognizing rhythms. d. judging amplitude. e. determining frequency.

locating sounds.

Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound. a. intensity b. pitch c. loudness d. location e. amplitude

location

Brightness is to light as ________ is to sound. a. pitch b. loudness c. frequency d. amplitude e. wavelength

loudness

Psychologists are skeptical about the existence of ESP because a. ESP researchers frequently accept evidence that they know is fraudulent. b. there is no way to scientifically test claims of ESP. c. many apparent demonstrations of ESP have been shown to be staged illusions. d. ESP experiments show the impact of ESP, but correlational studies do not. e. researchers have difficulty finding participants for ESP studies.

many apparent demonstrations of ESP have been shown to be staged illusions.

Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the a. vestibular sacs. b. semicircular canals. c. inner ear. d. cochlea. e. middle ear.

middle ear.

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the a. fovea. b. iris. c. cornea. d. pupil. e. blind spot.

pupil

Receptor cells for kinesthesis are located in the a. fovea. b. inner ear. c. muscles, tendons, and joints. d. olfactory epithelium. e. auditory cortex.

muscles, tendons, and joints.

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to result in a. loss of movement. b. accommodation. c. conduction hearing loss. d. loss of the sense of balance. e. nerve deafness.

nerve deafness.

Color constancy refers to the fact that a. light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting. b. objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes. c. the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness. d. the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength. e. colors remain the same hue even when the tint changes under our difference threshold.

objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes.

The sense of smell is known as a. subliminal stimulation. b. the vestibular sense. c. transduction. d. olfaction. e. the gustatory sense.

olfaction

Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home? a. vestibular sacs b. bipolar cells c. olfactory receptors d. feature detectors e. basilar membrane

olfactory receptors

A gestalt is best described as a(n) a. binocular cue. b. illusion. c. perceptual adaptation. d. organized whole. e. perceptual set.

organized whole.

The brain's release of endorphins reduces a. pain. b. tinnitus. c. prosopagnosia. d. retinal disparity. e. sensation.

pain

The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates a. subliminal perception. b. kinesthesis. c. accommodation. d. sensory adaptation. e. parallel processing.

parallel processing.

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates a. sensory interaction. b. kinesthesis. c. parallel processing. d. subliminal perception. e. blindsight.

parallel processing.

The human ability to speedily recognize familiar objects best illustrates the value of a. accommodation. b. kinesthesis. c. subliminal stimulation. d. sensory interaction. e. parallel processing.

parallel processing.

Damage to the temporal lobe region of the brain essential for facial recognition produces loss of a. perception. b. signal detection. c. transduction. d. accommodation. e. sensation.

perception

The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called a. sensory adaptation. b. parallel processing. c. sensation. d. perception. e. accommodation.

perception

Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of a. retinal disparity. b. perceptual set. c. shape constancy. d. visual capture. e. perceptual adaptation.

perceptual adaptation.

Perceptual adaptation refers to the a. grouping of stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns. b. perception of movement created by the successive blinking of adjacent lights. c. perception of an object as unchanging in shape regardless of our own viewing angle. d. perceptual adjustment to an artificially displaced visual field. e. tendency for novel or unfamiliar stimuli to capture our attention.

perceptual adjustment to an artificially displaced visual field

After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of a. perceptual set. b. visual capture. c. perceptual adaptation. d. bottom-up processing. e. stroboscopic movement.

perceptual set.

The tendency to perceive a moving light in the night sky as belonging to an airplane rather than a satellite best illustrates the impact of a. visual capture. b. relative clarity. c. feature detection. d. perceptual set. e. the phi phenomenon.

perceptual set.

The volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of a. temperature. b. color. c. brightness. d. pain. e. pitch.

pitch

After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best explained by the ________ theory. a. gate-control b. frequency c. Young-Helmholtz d. opponent-process e. place

place

The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the ________ theory. a. gate-control b. frequency c. Young-Helmholtz d. opponent-process e. place

place

In experiments, an image is quickly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus that inhibits conscious perception of the original image. In these experiments, the researchers are studying the effects of a. accommodation. b. tinnitus. c. priming. d. blindsight. e. prosopagnosia.

priming

Photographs of people were rated more positively if the photos immediately followed a briefly flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of a. sensory adaptation. b. interposition. c. retinal disparity. d. priming. e. prosopagnosia.

priming

Accommodation refers to the a. diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. b. system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. c. quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. d. process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. e. process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.

process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.

Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by a. Weber's law. b. prosopagnosia. c. conduction deafness. d. color constancy. e. sensory interaction.

prosopagnosia

Bipolar cells are located in the a. optic nerve. b. retina. c. blind spot. d. lens. e. cochlea.

retina

The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the a. fovea. b. optic nerve. c. cornea. d. retina. e. iris.

retina

Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina? a. ganglion cells b. bipolar cells c. rods and cones d. feature detectors e. occipital cells

rods and cones

Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride? a. olfactory receptors b. feature detectors c. basilar membranes d. semicircular canals e. tempanic membrane

semicircular canals

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called a. priming. b. synaesthesia. c. accommodation. d. sensation. e. perception.

sensation

Hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ________ as recognizing the sound sequence as a familiar melody is to ________. a. the just noticeable difference; accommodation b. absolute threshold; difference threshold c. sensory interaction; feature detection d. feature detection; sensory interaction e. sensation; perception

sensation; perception

A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer a. loss of movement. b. loss of position. c. loss of balance. d. conduction hearing loss. e. sensorineural hearing loss.

sensorineural hearing loss.

After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates a. Weber's law. b. accommodation. c. sensory adaptation. d. the volley principle. e. transduction.

sensory adaptation.

Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as a. accommodation. b. blindsight. c. sensory adaptation. d. transduction. e. equilibrium.

sensory adaptation.

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of a. sensory interaction. b. sensory transduction. c. sensory adaptation. d. accommodation. e. subliminal stimulation.

sensory interaction

During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the importance of a. accommodation. b. sensory interaction. c. kinesthesis. d. serial processing. e. sensory adaptation.

sensory interaction.

The McGurk effect best illustrates a. phantom limb sensations. b. the rubber-hand illusion. c. tinnitus. d. sensory interaction. e. color constancy.

sensory interaction.

The green-colored ham and eggs had such a strange appearance that they tasted terrible to Sam. This illustrates the importance of a. difference thresholds. b. sensory adaptation. c. equilibrium. d. sensory interaction. e. accommodation.

sensory interaction.

Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the a. optic nerve. b. sensory receptors. c. cerebral cortex. d. feature detectors. e. occipital lobe.

sensory receptors.

Although college textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of a. interposition. b. size constancy. c. linear perspective. d. shape constancy. e. binocular cues.

shape constancy.

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds? a. signal detection theory b. frequency theory c. opponent-process theory d. place theory e. bottom-up theory

signal detection theory

An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to a. the Young-Helmholtz theory. b. opponent-process theory. c. signal detection theory. d. frequency theory. e. place theory.

signal detection theory.

The fact that fear may increase your sensitivity to an almost imperceptible pain stimulus is of most relevance to a. place theory. b. frequency theory. c. the Young-Helmholtz theory. d. opponent-process theory. e. signal detection theory.

signal detection theory.

As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the phenomenon of a. visual capture. b. size constancy. c. closure. d. convergence. e. linear perspective.

size constancy

Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of a. kinesthesis. b. smell c. touch. d. hearing. e. equilibrium.

smell

Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense? a. touch b. kinesthesis c. audition d. vision e. smell

smell

News about the supposed effects of briefly presented messages on moviegoers' consumption of popcorn and Coca-Cola involved false claims regarding a. parallel processing. b. difference thresholds. c. kinesthesis. d. synaesthesia. e. subliminal stimulation.

subliminal stimulation.

Soothing musical audiotapes accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate a. synaesthesia. b. sensory interaction. c. subliminal stimulation. d. parallel processing. e. difference thresholds.

subliminal stimulation.

The integration of information processed simultaneously by multiple neural networks can be detected as a pattern of a. sequential opponent processes. b. concurrent transduction activity. c. trichromatic feature detection. d. parallel difference thresholds. e. synchronized brain waves.

synchronized brain waves.

Kinesthesis refers to the a. quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. b. process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals. c. diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. d. system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. e. process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints.

Opponent-process cells have been located in the a. thalamus. b. cochlea. c. spinal cord. d. visual cortex. e. semicircular canals.

thalamus

If we see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing someone else saying may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as a. prosopagnosia. b. sensory adaptation. c. blindsight. d. accommodation. e. the McGurk effect.

the McGurk effect.

Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as a. the color blue-violet and the shortest visible waves as red. b. the color red and the shortest visible waves as green. c. the color blue and the shortest visible waves as yellow. d. the color red and the shortest visible waves as blue-violet. e. the color black and the shortest visible waves as white.

the color red and the shortest visible waves as blue-violet.

An engineer who understands how to design and use a home theater system may find it hard to mentally simulate what it's like not to know how to operate the system. The engineer's difficulty illustrates a. blindsight. b. prosopagnosia. c. the curse of knowledge. d. the phi phenomenon. e. perceptual adaptation.

the curse of knowledge.

On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by a. the opponent-process theory. b. Weber's law. c. the gate-control theory. d. the Young-Helmholtz theory. e. frequency theory.

the gate-control theory.

As people grow older, they are most likely to need glasses because a. the iris loses its ability to contract the pupil. b. the blind spot increases in diameter. c. the lens loses its ability to change shape readily. d. the feature detectors progressively decrease in number. e. the cornea loses much of its transparency.

the lens loses its ability to change shape readily.

Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by a. the opponent-process theory. b. the gate-control theory. c. place theory. d. the Young-Helmholtz theory. e. frequency theory.

the opponent-process theory.

The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by a. the Young-Helmholtz theory. b. the gate-control theory. c. place theory. d. frequency theory. e. the opponent-process theory.

the opponent-process theory.

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form a. the basilar membrane. b. bipolar cells. c. the auditory nerve. d. the optic nerve. e. the olfactory epithelium.

the optic nerve.

The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates a. relative motion. b. retinal disparity. c. the phi phenomenon. d. visual capture. e. perceptual adaptation.

the phi phenomenon.

The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on a. accommodation. b. sensory adaptation. c. the vestibular sense. d. olfactory receptors. e. subliminal stimulation.

the vestibular sense.

The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to a. hearing. b. kinesthesis. c. the vestibular sense. d. parallel processing. e. accommodation.

the vestibular sense.

Our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This best illustrates the importance of a. sensory adaptation. b. accommodation. c. top-down processing. d. kinesthesis. e. difference thresholds.

top-down processing.

Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of a. transduction. b. accommodation. c. sensory adaptation. d. difference thresholds. e. top-down processing.

top-down processing.

The patient "E.H." suffers from prosopagnosia and is unable to recognize her own face in a mirror. Her difficulty stems from a deficiency in a. top-down processing. b. transduction. c. kinesthesis. d. sensation. e. accommodation.

top-down processing.

The principles of continuity and closure best illustrate the importance of a. binocular cues. b. perceptual adaptation. c. visual capture. d. perceptual constancy. e. top-down processing.

top-down processing.

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of a. sensory adaptation. b. accommodation. c. parallel processing. d. transduction. e. sensory interaction.

transduction

The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called a. priming. b. sensory adaptation. c. transduction. d. parallel processing. e. sensory interaction.

transduction

Which basic taste attracts us to protein-rich foods? a. sweet b. salty c. sour d. umami e. bitter

umami

Those who believe in the value of subliminal audiotapes would be wrong to claim that a. people are capable of parallel processing. b. signal detection is influenced by a person's motivational state. c. unconsciously processed information is unusually persuasive. d. sensory transduction can occur without conscious awareness. e. any of these are true.

unconsciously processed information is unusually persuasive.

The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisel respond to specific aspects of ________ stimulation. a. vestibular b. visual c. auditory d. olfactory e. kinesthetic

visual

Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on a. night vision. b. peripheral vision. c. visual acuity. d. sensory adaptation. e. kinesthesis.

visual acuity.

People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their a. cornea. b. lens. c. fovea. d. optic nerve. e. visual cortex.

visual cortex.

In additive color mixing, the combination of red, green, and blue creates ________; in subtractive color mixing, the combination of red, yellow, and blue creates ________. a. white; white b. white; black c. yellow; green d. black; white e. black; black

white; black

According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to ________ light are inhibited by exposure to ________ light. a. red; blue b. blue; green c. yellow; green d. blue; red e. yellow; blue

yellow; blue

In additive color mixing, a combination of red and green forms ________; in subtractive color mixing, a combination of yellow and blue forms ________. a. green; yellow b. yellow; green c. white; black d. red; blue e. blue; red

yellow; green