Unit 4 World War 2

Final solution

1. Deport jews 2.concentration camps 3. Death camps

Selective training and service act

1940 law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service

Battle of Britian

1940-41- Series of bombing raids launched against British cities by the German air force

Korematsu v. The united states

1944 Supreme Court Case that said the government was justified in its internment of the Japanese because it was a circumstance of "emergency and peril."

Tuskegee airmen

332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots who trained at the Tuskegee flying school.

Charles de Gualle

A general in WWII, he organized a government in exile immediately after the collapse of France and believed himself to be the true representative of France.

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Winston Churchill

A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.

Allies 1941

Allies plan for after WW2 wanted easier economics, free trade, self determination, free world with no fear, no German army, & no imperialism

Audie murphy

American soldier who killed or wounded 50 enemy troops in Europe; later became famous movie star

Battle of midway ( june 1942))

Americans intercepted Japanese fleet trying to take over islands. Japanese was soundly defeated.

First two areas annexed by germany

Austria and Poland

September 3, 1939

Britain and France declare war on Germany

Neville Chamberlain

British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)

James farmer

Civil rights leader who founded the Congress of Racial Equality

Operation torch (1942-1943)

Codename for allied invasion of North Africa from Novermber 1942 to September 1943

September 1, 1939

Date WWII began with German invasion of Poland

Internment camps

Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during World War II by order of the President.

War production board

During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786)

Erwin rommel

German general in charge of North African German troops. broke through British defenses in Egypt and advanced toward Alexandria.

V-e day (may 8, 1945)

Germany was crushed by invading Soviet and American armies (we invaded from the west while the Red army attacked from the east). Germany surrendered unconditionally May 8, 1945. The war in Europe was over!

Battle of the atlantic

Germany's naval attempt to cut off British supply ships by using u-boats. Caused Britain and the US to officially join the war after their ships were sunk. After this battle, the Allies won control of the seas, allowing them to control supply transfer, which ultimately determined the war. 1939-1945

A. Phillip Randolph

He was the black leader of The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. He demanded equal opportunities in war jobs and armed forces during WWII. He helped encourage the end of segregation in the military, although that happened after the war.

Battle of the bulge (1944)

Hitler threw his reserves into a last, desperate gamble. Germany to stop allied powers. Create a bulge, U.S. surrounded and refuse to surrender

Francisco Franko

In 1939 he defeats the republic's forces and establishes a dictatorship which lasts until his death in 1975.

D-day (june 6, 1944

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

George patton

Known as "Old Blood and Guts," George S. Patton, Jr. was one of the most colorful generals of World War II. During World War II he served in North Africa and Sicily before becoming the commander of the Third Army.

GI bill of rights

Law Passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education

Kristallnacht

Night of Broken Glass, Nov 9 1938 night when the Nazis killed or injured many jews & destroyed many jewish propertys

Neutrality Acts

Originally designed to avoid American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; they were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other Allied nations.

Righteous genitiles

People who were superior to jews

Nuremberg Laws

Placed severe restrictions of Jews, prohibited from marrying non- Jews, attending schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine or publishing books.

Joseph Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Ghettos

Sections of towns and cities in which Jews were forced to live.

Nuremburg trials

Series of trials in 1945 conducted by an International Military Tribunal in which former Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes

U.s.s missouri (sept 2, 1945)

Ship that was bombed and destroyed by japan

Okinawa (april-june 1945)

The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. By the time the fighting ended on June 2, 1945, the U.S. had lost 50,000 men and the Japanese 100,000.

U.s oil embargo

The U.S. embargoed oil from Japan by cutting off trade with them.

St. Louis Accident

The boat full of Jews coming from germany was turned away from America

Nazism

The doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, anti-Communism, and the all-powerful role of the State. The National Socialist German Workers Party, otherwise known as the Nazi Party. Nazism was advocated by Adolf Hitler in Germany.

Hiroshima (august 6, 1945)

The first Japanese city on which an atomic bomb was dropped, killing thousands of people.

Enola gay

The name of the American B-29 bomber, piloted by Col. Paul Tibbets, Jr., that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945.

Nagasaki (august 9, 1945)

The second Japanese city on which an atomic bomb was dropped.

"Quarantine Speech"

The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism.

Adolf Hitler

This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces.

Hideki Tojo

This general was premier of Japan during World War II while this man was dictator of the country. He gave his approval for the attack on Pearl Harbor and played a major role in Japan's military decisions until he resigned in 1944

The battle of coral sea ( may 1942)

This was the first major naval action fought entirely by carrier-based aircraft in which the two sides did not see each other. This battle was a victory for the US, mainly because the Japanese were unable to invade Australia. The US lost one aircraft carrier and so did Japan.

Chester nimitz

United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)

George Marshall

United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959)

Omar bradley

United States general who played an important role in the Allied victory in World War II (1893-1981)

Douglas macarthur

United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II

Womens army corps (wac)

Us army groups established durning WWII so that women could serve in noncombat but roles

Office of price administration

WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation

Atlantic charter (1941)

World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization

Iwo jima (February-march 1945)

a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945)

Totalitarianism

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

Nonagression Pact

a pact between Germany and the USSR saying,"You don't mess with me i won't mess with you."

Fascism

a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)

Congress of racial equality

an organization founded by James Leonard Farmer in 1942 to work for racial equality

United nations

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

"Zoot-suit" riots (summer 1943)

anti-Mexican riots triggered by supposed reports of Mexican teens wearing "zoot-suits" (long coats and pleated pants) attacking white sailors in Los Angeles

Doolittle's raid

bombing of Tokyo and other Japanese cities; raised American morale

Death camps

camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany for the purpose of killing prisoners immediately.

Manhattan project

code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

Harry S Truman

elected Vice President in Roosevelt's 4th term

Axis powers

in World War II, the nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which had formed an alliance in 1936.

Cash and carry (1939)

law that changed the Neutrality Act to allow countries at war to purchase American goods as long as they paid cash and picked up their orders in American ports

J. Robert oppenheimer

lead the Manhattan Project: the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear bomb. He was remembered as the "Father of the Atomic Bomb."

Dwight d. Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the USA

Yalta conference ( February 1945)

meeting of Roosevelt, Stalin, and Winston Churchill to discuss postwar plans and Soviet entry into the war against Japan near the end of World War II; disagreements over the future of Poland surfaced. During the Red Scare of the 1950s, some Americans considered the meeting to have been a sellout to the Soviets.

Concentration camps

prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.

Schutzstaffel

special police force in Nazi Germany founded as a personal bodyguard for Adolf Hitler in 1925

Genocide

systematic killing of a racial or cultural group

Island hopping

the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan.

Rationing

the act of rationing

Kamikazi

the deliberate crashing of a bomb filled plane into a military target

Lend lease act (1941)

the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945 in return for, in the case of Britain, military bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda, and the British West Indies.

Tripartite Pact (1940)

treaty between Germany, Japan, and Italy

Munich Agreement (1938)

was an agreement permitting Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland, Idea of the "Greater Germany"

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939

Mein Kampf

'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession

Battle of stalingrad (1942-1943)

The Battle of Stalingrad was the largest battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in southwestern Russia. The battle took place between 23 August 1942 and 2 February 1943. It was the largest battle on the Eastern Front and was marked by brutality and disregard for military and civilian casualties. It is among the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare, with the higher estimates of combined casualties amounting to nearly two million. The heavy losses inflicted on the German army made it a turning point in the war. After the Battle of Stalingrad, German forces never recovered their earlier strength, and attained no further strategic victories in the East. The German offensive to capture Stalingrad commenced in late summer 1942, and was supported by intensive Luftwaffe bombing which reduced much of the city to rubble. The German offensive eventually became mired in building-to-building fighting; and despite controlling over 90% of the city at times, the Wehrmacht was unable to dislodge the last Soviet defenders clinging tenaciously to the west bank of the Volga River. On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus: a two-pronged attack targeting the weak Romanian and Hungarian troops which were protecting the 6th Army's flanks. The success of these attacks, after heavy fighting, caused the weakly held flanks to collapse and the 6th Army to be cut off and surrounded inside Stalingrad. As the Russian winter set in, the 6th Army weakened rapidly from cold, starvation and ongoing Soviet attacks. Command ambiguity coupled with Adolf Hitler's resolute belief in the "power of the will" and the value of "standing fast" further compounded the German predicament. Eventually, the failure of outside German forces to break the encirclement, coupled with the failure of re-supply by air, caused the final collapse. By the beginning of February 1943, Axis resistance in Stalingrad had ceased and the remaining elements of the 6th Army had either surrendered or been destroyed.

Japanese american citzens league

The Japanese American Citizens League is the largest membership-based Asian American advocacy organization in the United States. Founded in 1929, JACL has over 23,000 members in 112 chapters throughout the country. JACL is incorporated as a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization

Pearl Harbor (december 7, 1941 )

The Japanese naval air force made a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base in this place in Hawaii. Several battleships of the U.S. Pacific fleet were damaged or sunk. This attack resulted in an Amercian declaration of war the following day. Canada also declared war on Japan. Canadian soldiers in Hong Kong were soon fighting as the Japanese attacked the British colony the same day as this.

Third Reich

The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s.