Unit 6 Test

A prokaryote genome is about 4 million bp in length. About how many genes would you expect it to contain

4,000

Which of the following is an example of recombinant DNA molecule

A genomic fragment of human DNA ligated to a bacterial plasmid vector

A collection of recombinant vectors that contain fragments of chromosomal DNA is called

A genomic library

To create transgenic mice DNA is injected into

A pronucleus of a zygote

What is a contig?

A series of vectors that contain inserts that have overlapping regions of chromosomal DNA

During mammalian reproductive cloning, ___________ is fused with __________

A somatic cell; an enucleated egg cell

Currently the two main vectors for delivery of therapeutic genes for human gene therapy are

Adenociruses, retroviruses, and parvoviruses

PCR cannot be successfully performed without

Al least some sequence information about the region to be amplified

The purpose of site-directed mutagenesis is to

Alter the sequence of a segment of DNA

Which of the following is a reason why the proteome of a eukaryotic cell is usually much larger than its genome?

Alternative splicing RNA editing Posttranslational covalent modifications

Which of the following was the first living organism to be patented

An oil-eating bacterium

What is a chimera

An organism that contains cells from two different individuals

A unique trait of embryonic stem cells that make them useful for generating knockout animals is that they

Are pluripotent

Which order would the steps involved in FISH be successful

Arrest cells in metaphase; Drop cells onto microscope slide to open the cells; Fix chromosomes and denature DNA; Label DNA probe bound to fluorescent dye; Hybridize DNA probe to chromosomes; Take picture using UV light

One strategy for producing a protein in the milk of a cow is to place the coding sequence of the gene of interest next to a ____________ and then inject the gene into a _____________

B-lactoglobulin promoter; cow oocyte

Derived from F factor

BAC

In addition to T-DNA vectors, other technologies to produce transgenic plants include

Biolistic gene transfer Microinjection Electroporation

In a gel retardation assay, the binding of a protein to DNA

Causes the DNA to migrate more slowly through a gel

FISH analysis is useful for determining the

Chromosomal location of a gene

What is the purpose of the cyanogen bromide (CNBr) in the manufacture of insulin by recombinant bacteria

Cleaves the protein from the galactosidase protein

The function of reverse transcriptase is to

Copy RNA into DNA

Which of the following does not apply to cosmids

Cosmid DNA may be packaged into a protein capsid and emerge as an enveloped virus particle

The restriction enzymes used in gene-cloning experiments __________, which generates sticky ends that can __________.

Cut the DNA; hydrogen bond with complimentary sticky ends

Used to quantitate the initial template concentration of an unknown relative to standard template of known concentration

Cycle threshold method

What type of mapping relies on microscopy

Cytogenetic mapping

Labeled end fragments are not observed were they protein is bound

DNase I footprinting

In one PCR cycle, the correct order of steps is

Denature, primer annealing, primer extension

Metagenomics is aimed at

Determining the sequence of DNA fragments in environmental samples

Base incorporation results in chain termination

Dideoxy sequencing

An individual who contains cells that are mutated is called chimera

FALSE

An organism that can be regenerated by somatic cells is called multipotent

FALSE

If DNA is isolated from two healthy individuals it is very likely that their DNA sequence will be identical

FALSE

Introns would be found in a cDNA library, but not genomic light

FALSE

Microsatellites tend to be highly conserved, this is, once made they stay the same

FALSE

Positional cloning requires knowledge about function and expression pattern of gene

FALSE

Transgenics are genetic mosaics in which the cells of different genotypes come from two different individuals

FALSE

Unipotent cells may differentiate into all other cell types of the body

FALSE

The technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization involves the use of a _________ that hybridizes to a ___________

Fluorescent probe, specific site on an intact chromosome

To study gene expression from a particular sample of cells, what material is usually hybridized to a DNA microarray

Fluorescently labeled cDNA

The binding of a protein to a nucleic acid slows its migration in a gel

Gel retardation assay

When a cloned gene integrates into a genome by non homologous recombination, the end result is

Gene addition

Why are conditional knockout animals desirable

Genes that are essential for development can be deleted in the adult

Used to detect close or exact complementarity to a probe sequence

High stringency

Which of the following is the proper order of steps in a gene cloning experiment involving vectors?

Incubate the chromosomal DNA and the vector DNA with a restriction enzyme; Mix the chromosomal DNA and vector DNA together; Add DNA ligase; Introduce the DNA into living cells.

What is the function of the ampR gene in a vector

It is a selectable marker

A DNA microarray is a slide that is dotted with

Known sequences of DNA

A method of introducing a cloned gene into cells for gene therapy is via

Liposomes Retroviral vectors

Which of the following best describes the approach that was used in the first gene therapy trial for SCID?

Lymphocytes were removed from a SCID patient, the normal ADA gene was transferred into the lymphocytes via a retrovirus, and then the lymphocytes were returned to the patients body

The sequencing metagenomes may provide all of the following except

Models of microbial community dynamics in the environment of the collected organism

Used in identifying a specific mRNA from a mixture

Northern blot

Which of the following methods is used to detect a specific RNA within a mixture of many different RNAs

Northern blotting

Bioremediation has been used to treat which of the following

Oil spills Sewage Pesticides Heavy metals

Cells that have undergone homologous recombination for gene replacement would have which of the following gene combinations

Only the cloned one

Derived from bacteriophage

PAC

Which of the following may be used as a vector in a gene cloning experiment

Plasmid Virus

To map the distance between molecular marker via crosses, the markers must be

Polymorphic

Chromosomal walking is a type of __________ in which a researcher begins at a specific site on a chromosome and analyzes __________ until the gene of interest is reached

Positional cloning; a series of subclones

The basis for DNase I foot printing is that the binding of a protein to DNA

Prevents the DNA from being digested with DNase I

Which of the following is a use of a microorganism in biotechnology

Production of medicines Biological control Food fermentation

Which of the following is an example of a molecular marker

RFLP Microsatellite Single-nucleotide polymorphism

When a scientist is attempted to use positional cloning to link a disease-causing allele to a molecular marker, it is important for the marker to be close to the disease-causing allele, other wise __________ may occur

Recombination

The sequence tagged sites (STSs)

Represent one of a kind markers that tag positions along DNA molecule

A molecular marker is a __________ found at a specific site on a chromosome that has properties that allow it to be __________.

Segment of DNA; uniquely identified using molecular tools

A contig is

Sets of two or more partially overlapping cloned DNA fragments that together cover an uninterrupted stretch of genome

The method of sequencing genomic fragments cloned directly form the genome is

Shotgun sequencing

Reliant upon DNA mismatch repair

Site-directed mutagenesis

Which of the following is a hybridization method that uses a labeled nucleic acid probe, such as a labeled fragment of DNA

Southern blotting Northern blotting

When A. tumefaciens is used to make a transgenic plant, a gene of interest is inserted into a ____________, which is first transformed into ____________. The _______________ is then transferred to a plant

T-DNA vector; A. tumefaciens; T-DNA carrying the gene of interest

A rRNA would not have its gene represented in a cDNA library from red blood cell precursors

TRUE

Chromosome walking uses repeated cycles of sub cloning and library screening to reach a gene of interest

TRUE

Ethidium bromide is used in DNA analysis to stain DNA fragments so they can be viewed under UV light

TRUE

Low stringency conditions allow less complementary DNA sequences to form hydrogen bonds

TRUE

Restriction enzymes were named because they restrict the capacity for viral growth

TRUE

The genome size difference between the smallest prokaryote and the smallest metazoan is two orders of magnitude

TRUE

The green fluorescent protein gene is often joined to genes of interest thus producing a fusion protein that is easily followed in vivo

TRUE

Refers to a sequence of interest within the sample in a PCR reaction

Template DNA

In eukaryotic gene cloning the signal sequence is important to ensure

That the protein of interest is secreted from the expressing cells for isolation and purification

Shotgun sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing in which

The DNA fragments to be sequenced are randomly generated from larger DNA fragments

The technique of tandem mass spectrometry is used to determine

The amino acid sequence of a peptide fragment

During Western blotting, the primary antibody recognizes

The protein of interest

The purpose of a ChIP-chip assay is to determine

The sites in a genome where a particular protein binds

When a dideoxyribonucleotide is incorporated into a growing DNA strand

The strand cannot elongate

The Ti plasmid allows for

The transfer of the plasmid from Agrobacterium to a plant cell

What is the possible disadvantage of using genetically modified crops

The transgene may make its way into non-transgenic plants

During 2D-gel electrophoresis, proteins are separated based on

Their net charge at a given pH Their mass

Which of the following is a key feature of stem cells

They have the ability to divide They have the ability to differentiate

After digestion of DNA with a restriction endonuclease, which statement is true about resulting DNA fragments

They will have either a single stranded overhang or blind ends, depending on the enzyme used.

Wy was the addition of methionine necessary during the production of insulin by recombinant bacteria

To allow the insulin to link to a bacterial protein

What i the key reason why the A and B chains of insulin are made as fusion proteins with B-galactosidase

To prevent their degradation

Which of the following was not a goal of the Human Genome Project

To successfully clone a mammal

Separated on the basis of mass, proteins are probed with specific antibodies

Western blotting

A gene knockout is a gene

Whose function has been inactivated

Accommodates insert size of up to two megabases

YAC

Contains telomeres

YAC

If it is desired to clone the largest fragments possible from a genome, which vector would be most appropriate

YAC

Replicates as linear chromosome

YAC

A vector that can carry a large fragment of chromosomal DNA is a

YAC BAC PAC

A poly-dT primer is used to begin synthesis of wha twill eventually be double strand DNA for cloning

cDNA library

During real-time PCR, the synthesis of PCR products is analyzed

during the PCR cycles by fluorescence that is emitted within the thermocycler

In reverse transcriptase PCR, the starting biological material is

mRNA