Unit 8 - Modern Georgia - Societal and Technological Growth

What phrase did William B. Hartsfeild use most often as mayor?

Atlanta is "to busy to hate". Which means Atlanta is very busy its hard to have time to segregate against colored people.

What three professional sports franchises did Allen bring to Atlanta?

Baseball, football, basketball

Why did the Georgia General Assembly (legislature) approve the change of the state flag in 1956?

Because the flag was very controversial and was overall super offensive to african americans. Most people thought the legislature chose the flag to symbolize their resistance to the integration laws.

What caused the end of the white primary?

Brewer, King, and several other African-Americans or Blacks sued the state. In the court case King v. Chapman et al., the federal district court ruled in favor of King and said the white primary was unconstitutional. Governor Ellis Arnall, did not fight the ruling and the white primary ended in Georgia

Who was Ellis Arnall?

Ellis Arnall made a very significant impact on voting rights in georgia. He was very focused on the concept of all races having the right to vote in a fair process. He reduced GAs voting age to 18 and got rid of white primary. He claimed to be governor of GA when Eugene passed away because he was the previous governor and hadn't left the job yet and was very committed to not giving up against his competitors.

What was the purpose and the main strategy SNCC?

Group of highschool and college students who Nonviolence they were inspired by sit-ins and MLK tactics

Why is Hartsfield known as the father of ATL aviation?

Hartsfeild was a firm believer in atlantas potential for air transportation

What was William B. Hartsfeild focused on?

Hartsfeild was focused on expanding air transportation therefore, he contributed to building Hartsfield airport and brought delta to life in Atlanta

As Governor, which of Maddox's acts surprised people the most?

He Hired more african americans into office than any other governor before him. This was very surprising as he was against colored people receiving equal rights.

What was the "Forward Atlanta" program created by Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr.?

He created I-285 and MARTA.

What role did John Lewis play in the Civil Rights movement and US government?

He helped organize a march on Washington for jobs and freedom. He also delivered a speech. He also served as national chairman of SNCC (student non-violence coordinating committee) Since 1986, John Lewis has represented GA's 5th Congressional district in the U.S. house of representatives until his death in 2020.

What role did John Lewis have in the March on Washington?

He helped organize it and also gave a speech.

What political position did he hold after being Georgia's governor?

He later served as lieutenant governor (vice president) for governor Jimmy carter

What are specific issues that Maddox opposed?

He opposed: 1964 civil rights act Desegregation + integration like schools and restaurants like his own.

What role did John Lewis have in SNCC?

He was the chair president of this organization and was good friends with MLK

What is meant by saying Lester Maddox was "the last of his kind"?

He was the last segregationist to serve as Georgia governor.

Herman Talmadge

Herman Talmadge is also well known for being Eugene Talmadge's son who believed in many of the same white supremacist theories. So when his father passed away his followers formed a plan of writing him in against Melvin and Arnall and the legislature of the general assembly wanted him as governor. He lost to Thompson but won later in a special election reinforcing many of his dads policies.

What contributions did Ivan Allen make as mayor in Atlanta?

In 1965 he persuaded the Braves to move to Atlanta from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was the founder of "Atlanta forward". He integrated the city hall and fire department.

Why did local Albany civil rights consider the Albany Movement a success?

In history's lens it was kind of successful because it gave individuals hope and inspired them to try to change their society.

How do the similar words integrate and desegregate differ?

Integrate means: bring races together desegregate means: not segregated/separated

How did the white primary exclude African Americans from the political process?

It made sure colored people couldn't vote because GA was a one-state party at the time, democratic primary was basically the election

After world war 2 ended how did technology transform agriculture.

It reduced the need for jobs and eliminated sharecroppers and tenant farmers. The new technology enhanced farming equipment. Farms and rural areas decreased because people moved making urban areas rapidly grow.

Why did Dr. MLK, Jr. view the Albany Movement as a short-term failure, but still beneficial?

It was viewed as a failure Because there was no dramatic moment where something changed. They were hoping the police would be violent but they knew their tactics and were respectful in front of the camera. It gradually changed in a very slow process.

What steps did Ivan Allen, Jr. take to integrate the city of Atlanta?

Ivan Allen Jr. served as mayor of Atlanta from 1962 to 1970. He is credited with leading the city through an era of significant physical and economic growth and with maintaining calm during the civil rights movement.

What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Law that ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin

What famous leader brought national attention to the efforts of these young students?

Martin Luther king who helped them made them reach a national world wide audience. They wanted him to march with them and go to jail with them.

Who was the main leaders/speakers of the March on Washington?

Martin luther king gave his "I have a dream speech" and John lewis also gave a speech.

Melvin Thompson

Melvin Thompson (vice president) was another political competitor who claimed to be governor after Eugene's death. Because he was lieutenant governor, the Supreme court made him temporary governor until Herman won the special election.

What case did Brown v. Board overturn?

Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson

What contributions or things did William B. Hartsfeild intergrate?

Police department and lunch counters. "a police officer at a heart at the lunch counter"

What did the Sibley Commission recommend?

Public schools should desegregate on a limited basis. The school/district should be aloud to decide

What group did Dr. King form that led anti-discrimination marches throughout the South?

SCLC

What does SCLC stand for?

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

What does SNCC stand for?

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

what was Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme court case which lead to desegregation of schools.

What event helped establish this civil rights act of 1964

The march on Washington for jobs and freedom

How did this create a population shift within the GA?

The population shifted to the Piedmont region where urban communities grew because industrialization was increasing. Cities grow and you get the suburbs.

What is a White primary election?

The purpose of a primary election is to narrow down to one candidate per political party.

What group led the Albany movement?

The student non-violent coordinating committee (SNCC)

What did the Sibley Commission discover?

They found that 2 out of 3 Georgians would rather see the schools closed than be integrated. (60%)

What were the purposes and strategies of the SCLC?

They used nonviolent resistance to show how violent and aggressive the opposite forces were.

What was the purpose of the Albany Movement?

To desegregate Albany, Georgia. Mainly bus stations

What is the purpose of the Sibley Commission?

To slow the process of integration mainly in schools and education. The commission allowed local districts to make their own decision on desegregation in school therefore, many schools closed down making integration very difficult because GA was very against the whole concept.

what was the 1946 Governor's Race - also called the Three Governors Controversy?

When three people who held high political authority claimed to be Goergias governor.

Who was Eugene Talmadge?

White supremacist who was against FDRs New deal. He was Georgia governor for three terms. He was elected governor for a fourth term but died before starting the 1946 governor's race.

Who was Atlanta's longest-serving mayor?

William B. Hartsfield

Why was the 1956 super offensive to blacks?

it consisted of a confederate battle emblem. The confederates (south) were very racist and against desegregation.

What was King's strategy to bring about social change?

peace and nonviolence (he was against violence like riots) he was inspired by Gandhi who used marches and nonviolence to achieve things.