Unit One

Which Amendment guaranteed the "equal protection" of the laws to all American citizens?

14th Amendment

Which is the best contemporary definition of a "scalawag"?

A white southerner who supported Reconstruction

Which practices were introduced in Southern states after the reconstruction to the 15th Amendment?

African- American freedman increased their participation in government in the nations first experiment in biracial democracy

What reason did Stevens five in this statement for granting voting rights to African Americans?

Black voters would help Republicans to maintain control of the Congress and Presidency

How did farmers adapt to the conditions of the Great Plains ?

Built sod houses, used dry farming techniques, used barbed wire fences, burned cow and buffalo chips for fuel, windmills pumped water and steel plow used for tough soil

What contradiction does James McPherson find in the secession of the Southern states?

Confederates were outnumbered by Northerners

Black codes, and "Jim Crow laws" did what?

Denied African Americans freedom of movement and basic civil rights

Which was an important effect of the sharecropping system and debt peonage?

Freedmen achieved economic independence from their former masters

They disagreed over whether the President or Congress should set conditions for the Reconstruction

How should former Confederate leaders be punished? How should the Southern states be re-admitted to the Union? How should four million freedmen enter into public life and the free market economy? How should the economy of the South be rebuilt?

What was a negative aspect of the "Americanization" policy of the late 1800's for American Indians?

Indians saw the survival of their traditional cultures threatened

What was the main idea of the cartoon "The reason of the Indian outbreak" ?

Indians went hungry while federal Indian agents grew wealthy

How did the Dawes act mark a departure from earlier federal Indian policy?

It led to conflicts between new settlers and Indian tribes on the Great Plains

What did the passage of the Homestead act of 1862 and the Pacific Railway act demonstrate about the federal government?

It was committed to settling the western territories

The cartoon by Thomas Nast was published in 1874, what was the main message of this cartoon?

Opponents of the Reconstruction were using violence to intimidate the freedman

What was Florida's contribution to the South during the Civil War?

Produced beef, pork, fish, fruit, and salt for Confederate Tripp's, it had one of the few confederate stare capitals that did not fall to Union forces, 14,000 of its citizens fought in the Civil War, and it's smaller ships slipped past the Union blockade at night and supplied goods to Confederate troops

What was a positive long- term impact of the Radical Reconstruction on the South?

Public education systems were established for students of all races

What was the ruling uphold of the case "Plessy V. Ferguson"?

Racial segregation in public places

Which two groups most helped the freedmen during the Reconstruction era?

Radical Republicans and Carpetbaggers

What was not a conflict over land use?

Railroad- sale of land grants to private owners- farmers

What was a conflict of "fights over private ranchers and farmers at all property rights between time high! "?

Ranchers with herds on open range opposed farmers and ranchers with fenced properties

factors contributed to the settlement of the west

Safety valve for unhappy workers and farmers in the northeast, passage of the homestead act provided cheap land, building of transcontinental railroads

What law by the Legislature of Florida do to the African Americans who attended school?

Schools for African- American children received fewer resources than schools for white children

Which view was held by most Southerners of the secession crisis of 1860-1861?

Since the Union was created by the states, they could leave it at any time.

Which best expresses the viewpoint of the artist in the cartoon above?

Southern slaves are better treated than factory workers.

What contributed to the Outbreak of the Civil War?

Southerners feared that Northerners intended to abolish slavery

Which strategies was NOT used by the South to counter the North advantages in resources?

The South would fight a defensive war on its own terrain

Which of the following would geographers consider a "pull" factor that contributed to the setting of the Far west?

The amount of farmland available for sale in the Northeast and Midwest was limited

Created five districts and imposed martial law on the South, States had to ratify the 14th Amendment before readmission into the Union, and Confederate leaders could not hold elected office, what was an immediate effect on the changes described?

The balance of power in Southern state governments shifted

Which social issue is addressed in the cartoon?

The conditions of Southern slaves

What were the major consequences of the Civil War?

The end of slavery and a strengthening of the power of the federal government

How did completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869 encourage settlement of the American West?

The railroad made it easier for ranchers and farmers to ship goods back east

What was a significant impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?

The war became a moral contest over slavery

What impact did Radical Republicans in Congress have on Reconstruction ?

They encouraged the freedmen to exercise their new political rights

What was the main purpose of the reservation system?

To clear federal lands for settlement by railroads, ranchers, and farmers

What was the main objective of the Anaconda Plan described in General Scott's letter?

To disrupt Southern supply lines by controlling the railroad junctions in the South

Which event was the catalyst for the secession of the first seven Southern states in 1861?

election of Abraham Lincoln as president

Why did the Union impose a naval blockade on the South during the Civil War?

to strangle the shipment of supplies to the confederacy