Upper Extremity Review Quiz- Muscle Movements
What are the actions of the Supraspinatus muscle?
Abduction of the glenohumeral joint and stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa
What are the actions of the Pectoralis Minor Muscle?
Abduction, Downward rotation, and Depression
What is the action of the Serratus Anterior Muscle?
Abduction/Protraction and upward rotation
What is the action of the Latissimus Dorsi?
Adduction,Extension, Internal Rotation, and Horizontal Abduction of the glenohumeral joint
What is the actions of the rhomboid major and minor muscles?
Adduction/retraction, downward rotation, and elevation
What muscle is very powerful in flexing the elbow when the radioulnar joint is supinated?
Biceps Brachii
List the elbow flexors.
Biceps brachii, the brachialis, and the brachioradialis
What muscle pulls on the ulna, which does not rotate, thus making this muscle the onlu pure flexor of the elbow joint
Brachialis
The __ muscle acts as a flexor best in the midposition or neutral position between pronation and supination (thumb-up position).
Brachioradialis
The __ muscle is not a powerful muscle, but it does assist in flexion and adduction and is most functional in moving the arm horizontally toward and across the chest
Coracobracialis
Any movement of the humerus on the scapula will involve part or all of the ___ muscle
Deltoid
Lifting the humerus from the side to the position of abduction is a typical action of the
Deltoid
The ___ muscle is used in any lifting movement
Deltoid
The trapezius stabilizes the scapula as the __ muscle pulls in the humerus
Deltoid
List the intrinsic muscles of the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint).
Deltoid, Coracobrachialis, teres major, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and the teres minor.
What is the action of the Trapezius Lower Fibers?
Depression, Adduction/Retraction, and upward rotation of the scapula
what is the action of the triceps brachii?
Extension of the elbow in all heads and extension, adduction, and horizontal abduction of the shoulder joint in the long head
What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?
Extension of the wrist, adduction of the wrist together with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, and weak extension of the elbow
What are the wrist extensors?
Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris
Besides being a powerful wrist extensor, the __ muscle is the only muscle other than the flexor carpi ulnaris involved in wrist adduction or ulnar deviation.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
what muscle is developed by performing wrist extension against a handheld resistance.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
What three muscles are the most powerful of wrist extensors? These muscles act as antagonist to wrist flexion to allow the finger flexors to functon more effecitvely in gripping.
Extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi radialis longus
what muscles primary function is to assist the extensor digitorum in extending the little finger
Extensor digiti minimi
Working on each side of the abdomen, the __ muscles aid in rotating the trunk when working independently of each other.
External Oblique Abdominal Muscles
What are the actions of the Infraspinatus?
External rotation, horizontal abduction, and extension of the glenohumeral joint and stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa
What are the actions of the teres minor?
External rotation, horizontal abduction, and extension of the glenohumeral joint and stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa
What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?
Flexion and abduction of the wrist, weak flexion of the elbow, and weak pronation of the forearm
What is the action of the Brachioradialis muscle?
Flexion of the elbow, Pronation of the forearm from supinated postition to neutral, and supination of the forearm from pronated position to neutral
What is the action of the Biceps Brachii?
Flexion of the elbow, Supination of the forearm, weak flexion of the shoulder joint, and weak abduction of the shoulder joint when the shoulder joint is in external rotation
What is the action of the flexor digitorum profundes muscle?
Flexion of the four fingers at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interohalngeal joints and flexion of the wrist
what is the action of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
Flexion of the thumb carpometacarpal, metacarpophalngeal and interphalngeal joints, and flexion and abduction of the wrist
What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?
Flexion of the wrist, adduction of the wrist together with the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, and wrist flexion of the elbow
What are the actions of the Coracobrachialis muscle?
Flexion, Adduction, and Horizontal adduction of the glenohumeral joint
What are the three wrist flexors?
Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus
What three muscles are the most powerful of the wrist flexors? These muscles are brought into play during any activity that requires wrist curling or stabilization of the wrist against resistance, particularly if the forearm is supinated.
Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus
What are the only muscles involved in flexion of the four fingers?
Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundes
What two muscles are vital in any type of gripping activity?
Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundes
what two muscles are effective when the rhomboid muscles stabilize the scapula?
Infraspinatus and Teres minor
What are the actions of the Subscapularis muscle?
Internal rotation, adduction, and extension of the glenohumeral joint, and stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa
What are the actions of the Levator Scapulae Muscle?
It elevates the medial margin of the scapula, weak downward rotation, and weak adduction.
Exercises in which the arms are pulled down bring the __ muscle into powerful contraction.
Latissimus Dori
Due to the upward rotation of the scapula that accompanies glenohumeral abduction, the __ effectively downwardly rotates the scapula by way of its action in pulling the entire shoulder girdle downward in active glenohumeral adduction.
Latissimus Dorsi
The Trapezius and Rhomboid muscles work together in producing adduction with slight elevation of the scapula. To prevent this elevation, the __ muscle is called into play.
Latissimus Dorsi
What muscle is one of the most important extensor muscles of the humerus and contracts powerfully in chinning?
Latissimus Dorsi
List the extrinsic muscles of the glenohumeral/shoulder joint.
Latissimus Dorsi and pectoralis major
Shrugging the shoulders calls the __ muscle into play, along with the upper trapezius muscle.
Levator Scapulae
The LEFT side Internal Oblique Abdominal muscles action is what?
Lumbar lateral flexion to the left and rotation to the left, and lateral pelvic rotation to the right
The LEFT side External Oblique Abdominal muscles action is what?
Lumbar lateral flexion to the left and rotation to the right, and lateral pelvic rotation to the right
The RIGHT side External Oblique Abdominal muscles action is what?
Lumbar lateral flexion to the right and rotation to the left and lateral pelvic rotation to the left
The RIGHT side Internal Oblique Abdominal muscles action is what?
Lumbar lateral flexion to the right and rotation to the right, and lateral pelvic rotation to the left
What muscle is absent in either one or both forearms in some people?
Palmaris longus
Bench pressing is widely used for what muscles development?
Pectoralis Major
The Serratus Anterior muscle works along with the ___ muscle in typical asction, such as throwing a baseball.
Pectoralis Major
What muscle aids the serratus anterior muscle in drawing the scapula forward as it moves the humerus in flexion and internal rotation
Pectoralis Major
What muscle is used powerfully in push-ups, pull-ups, throwing, and tennis serves?
Pectoralis Major
The __ muscle is used, along with the serratus anterior muscle, in true abduction/protraction without rotation. This is seen particulary in movements such as push-ups, in which true abduction of the scapula is neccessary.
Pectoralis Minor
What muscle is most used in depressing and rotating the scapula downward from an upwardly rotated position, as in pushing the body upward on dip bars or in body dips?
Pectoralis Minor
The ___ extend and externally rotate the humerus.
Posterior fibers of the Deltoid
What muscle is commonly used in turning a screwdriver, as in taking out a screw with the right hand?
Pronator Quadratus
The __ muscle fix the scapula in adduction/retraction when the muscles of the shoulder joint adduct or extend the arm. These muscles are used powerfully in chin ups.
Rhomboids
When pulling your hand away from the back, the __ muscles come into action.
Rhomboids
When you are beginning a chin up, which muscle rotates the medial border of the scapula down and back towards the spinal column.
Rhomboids
The __ muscle is used commonly in movements drawing the scapula forward with slight upward rotation, such as throwing a baseball, punching in boxing, shooting and guarding in basketball, and tackling in football.
Serratus Anterior
What is the actions of the subclavius muscle?
Stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint, depression, and abduction/protraction
The __ muscle holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa from in front and below.
Subscapularis
What muscles require the help of the rhomboid in stabilizing the scapula to make it effective in its movements
Subscapularis
what is the action of the supinator muscle?
Supination of the forearm
In throwing movements, what muscle provides dynamic stability by maintaining the proper relationship between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa?
Supraspinatus
What muscle holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa?
Supraspinatus
What muscle is called into play whenever the middle fibers of the deltoid muscle are used?
Supraspinatus
The Latissimus Dorsi is assisted in all of its actions by the __ and is sometimes referred to as the swimmers muscle because of its function in pulling the body forward in the water during internal rotation , adduction, and extension.
Teres Major
The __ muscle is effective only when the rhomboid muscles stabilize the scapula or move the scapula in downward rotation.
Teres Major
What muscle works effectively with the Latissimus Dorsi and is said to be the Latissimus Dorsi's "little helper"? It also assist the Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis major, and subscapularis in adducting, internally rotating, and extending the humerus.
Teres Major
What two bones are primarily involved in movements of the shoulder girdle?
The Scapula and Clavicle
What muscle is used strongly in doing pushups, especially in the last 5 to 10 degrees of motion?
The Serratus Anterior Muscle
What two muscles will be seen with both movements of pushing with the hands?
The Serratus Anterior and Pectoralis Minor
The __ pulls the clavicle anteriorly and inferiorly toward the sternum. In addition to assisting in abducting and depressing the clavicle and the shoulder girdle, it has a significant role in protecting and stabilizing the sternoclavicular joint during upper-extremity movements.
The Subclavius
How do the anterior and posterior fibers of the Deltoid work together?
The anterior fibers horizontally adduct the humerus, while the posterior fibers horizontally abduct it.
The __ muscle flex and internally rotate the humerus
The anterior fibers of the Deltoid
The __ assist in extension and horizontal abduction of the shoulder.
The long head of the Triceps Brachii
What are the five muscles involved shoulder girdle movements?
The pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboid, and levator scapulae
What muscle prevents the scapula from being pulled downward?
The trapezius
What two muscles work together in producing adduction with slight elevation of the scapula?
The trapezius and rhomboids
Shoulder girdle muscles do NOT attach to the humerus, nor do they cause actions of the shoulder joint. True or False
True
When is the supinator muscle called into play?
When movements of extension and supination are required, as when turning a screw driver. The curve in throwing a baseball calls this muscle into playas the elbow is extended just before the ball is released.
both the extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus are involved in __ of the wrist
abduction
what is the primary function of the of abductor pollicis longus?
abduction of the thumb
The long head of the triceps brachii is
an important extensor of the shoulder joint
Curling is an excellant exercise to develop the
biceps brachii
The __ assist in flexing anf horizontally adducting the shoulder
biceps brachii
The shoulder girdle muscles are essential in providing
dynamic stability of the scapula, so it can serve as a base of support for shoulder joint activities such as throwing, backing, and blocking
What is the action of the Trapezius Upper Fibers?
elevation of the scapula, upward rotation, and extension and rotation of the head at the neck
What is the action of the Trapezius Middle Fibers?
elevation, upward rotation, and adduction/retraction of the scapula
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
extension and abduction of the wrist and weak flexion of the elbow
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus
extension and abduction of the wrist, weak flexion of the elbow, and weak pronation to neutral from a fully supinated position
stretching the __ and __ requires the elbow to be extended with the forearm pronated while the wrist is passively flexed and slightly adducted
extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus
what is the only muscle involved in extension of all four fingers?
extensor digitrorum muscle
what muscle is responsible for extending the index finger?
extensor indicis
what muscle assist the extensor pollicis longus in extending the thumb?
extensor pollicis brevis
what muscles primary function is extension of the thumb, although it does provide weak assistance in wrist extension
extensor pollicis longus
Muscles that orginate on the trunk and insert on the humerus are considered __ to the glenohumeral joint.
extrinsic
What is the action of the palmaris longus
flexion of the wrist and weak flexion of the elbow
The Triceps Brachii is used in
hand balancing and any pushing movement involved in the upper extremity
The __ muscle is vital in maintaining the posterior stability of the glenohumeral joint
infraspinatus
What muscles eccentrically slow down the arm from high velocity internal rotation activities such as baseball pitching and service in tennis
infraspinatus and teres minor
Muscles that orginate on the scapula and clavicle and insert on the humerus may be thought of as muscles __ to the glenohumeral joint.
intrinsic
Unlike the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris, which are not only wrist flexors but also abductors and adductors, the ___ muscle is involved only in wrist flexion.
palmaris longus
maximal wrist and elbow extension stretch the
palmaris longus
Fixation of the scapula by the __ muscle allows the levator scapulae muscles on both sides to extend the neck or to flex laterally if used on one side only.
pectoralis minor
what is the action of the pronator quadratus
pronation of the forearm
what is the action of the pronator teres?
pronation of the forearm and weak flexion of the elbow
When all of the trapezius muscles work together, they tend to __ and __ at the same time. This may be seen in lifting the handles of a wheelbarrow.
pull upward and adduct
The brachioradialis assist with supination, which is mainly controlled by the
supinator muscle and biceps brachii
The __ functions very similalarly to the infraspinatus in providing dynamic posterior stability to the glenohumeral joint
teres minor
What is a typical action of the Pectoralis Major?
throwing a baseball
When you're holding your arm up horizontally, the fixation of the scapula is by the __ muscle, while the __ muscle holds the arm in that position.
trapezius; deltoid
The typical action of the __ muscle is shown in push ups when there is powerfull extension of the elbow
triceps brachii
What muscle is the primary elbow extensor?
triceps brachii
What is the action of the Brachialis Muscle?
true flexion of the elbow
When is the Pectoralis Major work as a helper of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
when extending and adducting the humerus from a raised position
What is the typical movement of the pronator teres muscle?
when the forearm pronates as the elbow flexes
When is the brachialis called into action?
whenever the elbow flexes
The flexor carpi ulnaris is one of only two muscles involved in
wrist adduction and ulnar flexion
The flexor carpi ulnaris is very important in
wrist flexion and curling activities
Do the rhomboid major and minor muscles work together?
yes
