Urban Geography

secondera - 1947-1990

post-colonial / command economy in india when they nationalized industries and moved them outside to core cities

what is key vulnerability to heat

poverty - low income minorities are more expose because less green spcae, closer to highways and factories

even tho it is growing cit

predicted to be number one of exposed population for flooding

nursultan nazarbayev

president of kazakhstan, in charge since it became the country's capital

southeast asian city

pretty watery - generalized model is based on port

sysco installed

prison system so you make video calls to anyone in the city - very futuristic

BUT

problem is regional. the city of beijing can reduce coal being burned, but doesn't help the amount of pollutants coming from other regions, like the south

spaniards

put in streets and roads instead of canals, get Nezahualcoytl is built on bay of lake

houston -

put in urban parks

atlanta used to be

quite green but they expanded out, losing green space, ads urban heat island effect and polluted waters, pesticides on rich lawns

they build

railroad, larget manmande port, aquaduct, inter urban rail system, got ride of labor unions - first land based elites

supposed to have lower

rainfall

africa is where

rate of urbanization is high, but urbanization is low

1991-present

reform economy,

state gov of lagos made

reforms in city - now building ecoatlantic (making separate island for rich people)

inter-urban geography

relationship between cities

he stepped down in 2019 as president and the interim president

renamed capital as nu-sultan

this is in kenya but

right new to somalia

economy solely based on land develpment is

risky model for a city

another problem facing miami

saltwater intrustion - saltwater is entering fresh water aquifer. with sea level rise, you get more

four of the biggest camps are in

same region - dadaab in kenya, and bidi bidi in uganda right under border of south sudan, kakuma in kenya, and dolo ado in Ethiopia

example

san-la-san or St. Chitroit or Fort San Houstin

not great place to move capital because

second coldest capital in the world

cape town

second largest city in africa

in 1950s -

second wave of land based elites that emerged on west side of LA. mainly jewish and democratic voting peeps - formed a competing heiracchy of power

denver kind of follows

sector model

za'atari refugee camp -

clsoed to newcomers, started as a UNHCER emergency measure, become a new way of thinking about refugee crisis

not green even tho they claim it to be

coal and power plants - chopping down forest, no indigenous people on the board designing city, instead outside experts

most IDPs - country

colombia, syria, and then DRC

what is in its air?

combo is worst than just one - nitrogen oxides, carbon monozide, sulfur dioxide, two more on slide

rather than ag hinterland, these merchant towns had

commercial hinterland

european cities are moer

compact, defensive walls, and vibrant center, lower skylines

zone model

concentric zone model

more upper development projects also -

connecting to hong kong to the south and another province in the north

cape town managed to reduce

consumption so they never reach day 0

have no

corporate or income tax, instead make money from state-owned enterprises and oil and alchol syntax

air pollution

costs 8.8% of their GDP and is leading cause of premature death

in addition to building world class everything, devleoped by

creating special zones with special laws

unlike shenzen and dubai,

delhi is a very old city, not created by the britihs like calcutta

example

denver, florida (the villages in FL has a lot of exurbs)

temporary or permanent?

designed to be ptermporary but are permanent spaces

Kazakhstan

didn't want russia to claim territory so moved capital further north because former capital was in a very ethnically russian territory

cities started and then

diffused often with expansion of empires

gov. of lebanon

does have some power - what jobs you can do and citizenship or not

now elites are still

doing that crazy shit, but not just downtown. poliitcal fragmentation in LA - LA has different political agencies all around

azraw refugee camp in joradn -

don't have shops, camps like this are efficeint and promote fundraising but foster dependency on institutions for everything and always at risk for funding cuts

UNRWA

don't offer durable solutions - just oversees refugee camps

aid agencies

dont think of themselves as sovereign - refugees are not citiziens of host country and the three durable soltuions are not viable for refugees

some are newer so don't follow like

dubai in UAE - airports, skyscrapers, but still an old neighborhood in Dubai but most is not

compared them to

ecological terms like metabolism, pulse, equilibrium - applying them to humans in the city

miami is the seond in the world in terms of

economic losses from floods

1000 CE, biggest cities were

empires - where spain is now

has rules to

encourage sprawl - hard to build townhouses in metro, needs two parking spaces for every house which limits apartment buildings

tianducheng, zhejiang province, china

european cities are coped here

in total, there is only 1 resettlement spot for

every 20 refugee that needs one (which is constantly increasing)

great international chinese city model

ex. shanghai - built a second downtown and renovated old inner city neighborhoods, new commerical centers

similarities

exectuvie planning in both, foreign capital (hongkongtaiwan vs. USsaudis), inequalities with workers, workers housing not too good

most residents live in

expansions (shown in picture) - informal development,

rather than irrigating crops,

farmers sell water to for-profit trucks which take more water out of the ground.

mericopa county AZ is

fastest growing county

first cities were in

fertile crescent made possible by ag surplus, division of labor, trade centers, religious hubs

nigeria has high

fertility rates and largest population in africa

mexico city

fifth biggest city

Phoniex reading -

fifth biggest city proper in u.s

of the nearly 5 million homes and businesses covered by national flood insurance

florida - 1.8millino

poeple vote

for local officiers and leaders and committees

colonial concession-based chinese city model

forced china to trade with countries like UK - Shanghai following this model concession zone with docks, chinese residential zones

latin american city

ford in 1996- inverse concentric zone pattern where residential quality decreases going further from business district - slums in peripheral areas

in 1980s, developed

free trade zone in port district, base for us to trade

most infrastructure spending goes to

freeways

now imports water

from 60 miles away cause water doesn't sink into acquafur so they have fresh water shortages

now they get pollution

from traffic fumes rather than burning coal

dubai is a

futile state - the al-maktoum dynasty owns terriotry of dubai - straight up monarchy

mexico city -

gather rain water, filter it through filtration system, and then drink it. use it in other places too.

federal clean air act and clean air committe in LA

get smog checks a bunch, sleeves on gas nozzles, reformulated gas to lead-free

people are

getting sick from water, so they create mini lots to seperate people

politicans -

got approval for canal in 1968 and so gov. is playing a role in getting taxpayer money to help phoenix grow

megalopolis

gottman coined in 1961 0 look at entire urban chunk as related

alongside private developers, who else plays a big role

gov. - national and local - FHA pays for a lot of suburban houses - funds dams fed gov. - airport base in mesa brought in jobs and soldiers

another thing that he neglects to think about is

gov. zones for industry, racial convenants, transportation lines

chicago metropolitan region - 1900-2010

graph on slide - city of chicago, inner suburbs, outer suburbs, exurban

cities do not

grow the same way and are not shaped the same way

its urban population of 500 million in 2010 is expected to

grow to 650 million by 2025

china is now

growing fast urban population

growth spurt

growing northsouth, suburbs will expand to by 2050

but, she says

growth is slowing now because egyptian population is going thru demographic transition - birthrate going down and migration to gulf states for work and mid-size citie

who built dubai?

guest workers - foreigner who is permitted to work in another country on a temporary basis

consequence of sprawl in perth

habitats being lost, high water consumption, use a lot of water, env. degradation, quokka habitats sad, strip mining

al 12.5 million palesetiians on earth (speak arabic) - half aren't in palestine,

half are in west bank gaza strip and other half is somewhere else

population

half million people

first set of elites: the Wasps (white anglo saxon protestant) -

harry chandler, henry huntington, isaias hellman, gen harrison gray ottis

bangalore

has a lot of unchecked land development - some say that bangalore will be uninhabited by 2025

morrocco - fez

has both medina islamic urban form and also french came in to create own urban form - got boulevards and palm trees to imitate paris and in old area, follows old area of urban form

onitsha, nigeria

has diesel smoke from ships, lots of construction sites, no incineration plant for trash, heavy traffic, env. laws are not enforced

and various militias

have sovereignty in the camp

chicago typically had

high rates of migration during this

corruption is also

high, impacting free market in lagos

king tide

highest tides of the year - 3-4x a year

colonial cities in africa model

highly segregated

latin america is

highly urbanized - 80% if its population lives in icities - up from 41% in 1950

who was chief egineer

holland

uganda has different refugee rules than kenya - showig

host country matters

brj al-arab

hotel on private island - 5,000 a night - arhictecture is more arab

one of the reason why the flooding was so bad

houston had paved on three quarters of prarie

prolbems with sprawl

houston: - lack of flooding preparatio n atlanta: - economic segregation - env. degreadation - racial segregation - generations don't move - sub-prime lending disasters - interest rates in poor neighborhoods - high commuting cost like

downside of urban growth and sprawl

hurricane harvey and did 125 billion in damage

flooding - bad cause

hurts minorities more, don't have insurance, can't evacuate -

how many people live in lagos?

id

build dubai financial center

in 2002, where they use western business laws, use us dollar and english as lang/currency, have own court system

Chennai (?) in tamil nadu in south india

in 2019, did hit their own day 0. wells ran dry and some parts went without piped water for five month. predicted that twenty other indian cities can also run out of ground water.

total homes at risk of yearly coastal flooding by 2100

in Miami-Dad Co. and Broward Country in the north - impact houses and also banks lending out bank loans. falling on taxpayers

future growth expected

in cities

rent is cheapest

in city of atlanta and south of it cause the local gov and counties want rich people, so pass laws to limit low income housing (exlusionary housing policies)

growth rate of homes in the WUI 1990-2019 by county

in colorado, nevada, florida - expanding suburbs into what used to be wild areas

dutch engineers

in rotterdam - got sea gate in mouth of north sea so when storm surge reaches ten feet, they close gates to keep water out. each of them is as big as eiffel tower. Also has floating pavilion- building an entire floating neighborhood.

largest metro sprawling

in the US

longest standing refugees

in the world

there used to be a lot of refugees

in thec ity of calai, so set up camps by the port - goal is to bribe their way on a truck to go into the UK

hindus, muslims

india and now pakistan and bangladesh

colonial south asian city

india, pakistan, set up by colonial powers, calcutta - original fort, port extension, and anglo residential areas, bazaars / dif markets based on ethnicites

thriving

informal economy in the camp (obv off the books)

spots of stores are sold by

informal mafia - pay to get it

lagos has big

informal sector

costs?

infrastructure and services are paid by taxpayers - will cost civilians more - env. degradation

causes problems for

infrastrucutre - clay collapses when water if drawn, buildings are lopsided and sink 12 inches per year - find new sink holes

kangbashi district, ordos, inner mongolia, china

instant city - built a lot of apartments that are empty not sure the signifance of knowing this

three so-called durable solutions proposed for residents of refugee camps and explain why non is viable for most poeple in Dadaab, KEnya

integrating into society and local economic system, option to relocate for them to live outside the host country, and option for them to go back into their origin country once they get better - reintegration to host country, relocation to new richer country, return back to origin country (repatriation these are not viable for people in Dadaab? if you're ethnically somalia - way to dangerous to go back, gov. of kenya won't let you live otuside of camp in Kenya, and then US doesn't take refugees anymore

songdo want built as a

international business hub like london or singapore, but didn't turn out like that - mostly residential residential area for south koreans

in 1979 -

iranian exiles moved because of iran revolution

where you're born in atlanta

is contributing to the income you get when you grow up and get a job - spatial inequality that lasts over generations

99% of private sector workforce

is immigrants / guest workers that can be deported

sheik mohammed al-maktoum

is leader

growth up until 1930 in chicago-

it fits burgess' model with downtown center, different groups living in rings going out from downtown

not just houses sprawling-

its population and jobs

other

jakarta - great garuda flood wall - but this is just an idea i think

example

jakarta - if you turn it upside down, fits model

1980s

japanese investments in LA - people in japan were not mayors of LA, but donate to the mayors of LA and did have political power.

both lA and phon. had a lot of

jobs which increased migration, and also good weather - economic reasons, lifestyle reasons, advertising rasons - LA advertised to gringos to idaho / romanticized it - intentional to get people to try and move there

ex.

kabwe, Zambia "word's most toxic town" - mining lead there for 100 years. clsoed gov. smelter, but now men scavage for lead and children play in the soil leading to brain damage

where in bangladesh

kutupalong-balukhali - they have an expansion site

growth machine theory

land based elites use gov at all levels to achieve growth - competing with other cities. - gov. authority, at the local and nonlocal levels, is utilized to assist in achieving this growth at the expense of competing localities

he is aying that

land dev. creates new elites and elites create land dev.

way would all malls be located in cuburbs

land is cheaper, tax incetives, residents richer, next to freeway

development industry fight

laws that protect open space , want to expand into desert, leap frog development

LA is the 7th

least sprawling city in US - pretty sense, not sprawling

one host country is

lebanon (1/6th of pop in lebanon are refugees) - 12 officials palestinian camps in lebanon

ein el-hilweh

lebanon - looks like a city, palestinians from syria and from other things started as tents in 1948, now it is an unofficial permanent city

2/3 f population in city

live in slums

system of mixed governancy

local elections for officials, then you have UNHCR and NGOS, kenyan army also kinda in charge

norway?

localities of 200 or more inhabitants

durable solutions

look on powerpoint lolz

intra-urban geography

looking inside one specific city

bidi bidi, uganda

looks like a village because people get a chunk of land for permanent structures

but they actually

lose more water thru leaky pipes

some places in europe are

losing people because of emigration and not having babies

in these reforms -

lost a lot of affordable housing and architecture

post-fordist economy

lots of different companies involved, white collar lots of money and no collar people earning little money

sprawl implies

low cost housing, lots of cars, overall area of land is being development faster than land, cookie cutter

western cape of south africa

will become warmer and dryer

these models don't always apply to

non us cities - don't necessarily work for other cities

chakravorty article - shows

non us cities show us that they don't follow these mdels

point is that

not all instant cities work out as planned

stuck in this camp

not allowed to work or travel outside of it even tho it's been there for decades

in china, got massive rural migration, resources, and money, in georgia

not alot of people, not a lot of money, and not a dictatorship - so weren't able to create their own instant city

europe's urban population is

not expected to change much in the coming decades, rising from 920 million in 2010 to 1.1 billion in 2030

services here are provided by

numerous group - UNCEF does water, countries gives them other resources, NGOs working there like save the children and doctors without borders all providing different services

true in U.S

ocean is rising 3-4x global avergae by lousiana and texas + along east coast

not growing based off

of env. and flooding despite risks of flooding in the future

this is different because

of ocean curernt

duabi based off

of real estate and got labor from other countries

this includes

offices on the outskirts

sector model based on 142 us cities mainly based on

old agriucltural ? cities

post war era -

old people move there

1920s chicago

on picture on slide

foreclosure hot spots

on the rise in every part of atlanta, but some parts have been hit harder than others. Neighborhoods in southwest Atlanta have the highest rates of foreclosure , followed by neighborhoods in Dekalb and Clayton counties.

subprime lending hot spots

one in four metro atlants making a home purchase in 2005 resorted to a high-interest "subprime" mortgage. subprime lending was more common in some parts of atlantat than others.

this results in

only big family houses built there, but mismatch in jobs and low income jobs - low income houses are socioeconomically isolated

after 1991 - switched to reform and free neoliberal economy

oreing investment capital reentered country, economic glocalization, center of calcutta is dense but suburbs grow - model on slide - still very dense along river

this city gets most rain

out of northeast monsoon. in 2018, it was very weak, weak winds made no water coming in. no rain for 200 days plus a heat wave. average was still the same as London though. How did they still run out of water?

israel and palestine

palestine land got reduced throughout the yeats - claim by israel gov (israeli/jewish gov) - now palestinians vs jews all living in same area, equal numbers of both groups

why did shania run out of water

paved over wetlands, populatio nhas doubled, facotires used water, had a drought

sea level rise impacts

people and real estate

predicted that

people are going to leave, but they're not leaving right now. right now, oligarchs and rich people are investing more real estate in miami

events in india and other countries sent

people into the city - refugees

but

people lost jobs and heat in the winter

not all refugee camps are

permanent - some are really temproarily

this allowes refugees camps to

persist longterm and refugees don't get enough food from food programs, so they informally buy food they want

urban in canada?

places of 1000 or more inhabitants having a population density of greater than 400 per sq km

now the city is doing some stuff to handle heat probelm

planting a lot more trees to create a canopy - but hasnt gained new tree coverage because existing trees are ignored about

land based elites agreed that bringing water is

politically important

very big city, growing rapidly, but quite

poor

who suffers from sprawl

poor people - located south of 1 25 -> high poverty neighborhoods struggles with fiscal problems

example

LA, california

LA region -

5 counties, 160 separate gov.

culcatta

50 miles long and follows river

unfortunately, they now get

air pollution from forest fires and from china

cairo and lagos

always battle for largest population

what is causing bad air

- burning coal - burns the same amount of coal as rest of world combined. - Also has a lot of cars, thus more pollution as people gained more wealth and moved to the middle class.

how did they not reach day 0?

- limited use, limited water in pipes (slowed), limited taps with water, technologies reduced water consumption. also, cape town stopped irrigation surrounding city

cities are important because

- most growth will be in cities - where most activity takes place

why is air so bad in delhi

- physical geography, inland, far from ocean, not coastal breeze and cold air traps pollution close to the ground - at foot of himalyan mountains - burn ag fields in neighboring states to prepare field for cultivation (october-december). tecnically illegal and this occurs outside of the city, in other states and cities. - no wind and farmers are burning fields

what have they done

-capped annual coal consumption - can only drive super large trucks at night - limited car exhaust and construction dust

policy, aesthetic, and ethical questions

-sprawl vs. infill? - do you want condos and apartment buildings built in ur neighborhood or sprawl to take up space. -land development vs. land preservation? - affordability vs. quality of life? (if towns are strict on land development, rend and prices are high. if you already live there, then you have a great quality of life. but hard for working class families) - suburbia vs. urbanism?

ways cities can grow:

1) by having babies in a city 2) migration rural --> urban 3) expansion into rural land

good chunk of area in miami -

1,273,000 residents in risk of flood zone

at the time

10th biggest city in world

areas in bangladesh with new arrivals -

120,000 people a week - biggest flow of refugees sinece 1990`

according to WHO,

14.4 million people die from air pollution every year

fastest growing city in world in what year

2017

in 2015 - drought started

2017- afraid of hitting day 0.

completed in

2020

targeted for

2024

another instant city - songdo, south korea - has

30 miles from Seoul, biggest private real estate capital of the world - funded by US company called gail international and a korean company - built on reclaimed title flats

how many people displaced

79.5 million - forcibly displaced worldwide

who has most refugees

85% in developing countries, and 3/4 are in neighboring country

right now

8th largest urban area in world

peripheral model

A model of North American urban areas consisting of and inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

multiple-nuclei model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities. look on slide

sector model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).

concentric zone model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

example

Accra, got european center and native town - ethnic segregation done by colonial powers

china -

announced plan for sponge cities - funded by private and public sectors but have had problems getting money privately

polycentric metropolis

Developed around one or more cities of global status, it is characterized by a cluster of cities and towns, physically separate but intensively networked in a complex spatial division of labor.

london 1952

Had bad smog- many people died on one day, leading to clean air act in 1956

islamic city

Marrekech, Morocco or Seville in Spain, Phillippines, any islamic city - have a prinicple mosque and other mosques can't be in ear shot from main mosque, outdoor market, urban celular structure to create shade (honeycomb building structures)

new delhi-

PM 2.5 - small article sthat get lodged in lungs - india has most in the world i think - in Ghaziabad which is right next to Delhi

national flood insurance program

The federal government's program to provide Flood insurance at subsidized rates.

strcutures

are more similar to permanent cities than to camp

UNHCR

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees - became international group in charge of refugees who are not palestinians

QUESTION

WHAT HAPPENED IN 2016 IN DELHI

after independece in 1947, followed

a command economy, all the way capitalist or socialist

also miami is built on

a drain swamp and limestone, which doesn't absorb water so water comes from everglads/ocean to miami AND ALSO up from limestone

"succeeding"

a group replaces another group when moving into the city - driving the other group out

phoenix is according to ross

a industry town - lots of land, not a lot of water

shenzen went from a manufacturing city to

a post-industrial city, a green city

Urban Geo

a subfield of human geography studying urban areas

united states?

according to census bureu- densely developed residential commercial and other nonresidential areas - has to have at least 2500 people and at least 1500 of which reside outside institutional group quarters

un

administers camps

portugal

agglomerations of 10,000 or more inhabitants

botswana

agglomerations of 5000 or more inhabitants where 75% of the economic acitity is of the non-agricultural type

harvey - city as growth machine: towards a political economy of place 1976 -

argues that the very essence of a locality is its operation as a growth machine. Argues that desire for grwoth provides key operative motive for consensus for members of politically mobilized local elites

mexican border city model

arreola and curtis - only those on border, CBD right on border crossing, then you have avenues going off from there and peripheral slums on the outside

myanmar to

bangladesh

colonial cities -

batavia, manila - established as colonial administrative points

cities in developing countires are growing pop

because migration and having babies, which is different in england and ney work. just because they are urbanizing, does not indicate richness or increase workforce

seawall in miami wouldn't work

because water will come from everglades and limsetone - only stop water from ocean

in2015,

beijing did improve air by - upgrading factories - replaced coal with other forms of renewables - cut steel production due to global lack of demand

another ex-

bellander lake, bangalore, India - lake caught on fire from e-waste and trash, pollutions - aerobic methane formed fire

includes

big box development (ex. buildings big concrete high traffic volume), exurb (next stage out of inner suburbs), greenfield (less restrictions), leapfrog

Jing-Jin-Ji region

big interconnected region by high speed rail - link people across Beijing and two other cities that are on the powerpoint

1911

brits built new elhi even though delhi already existed.

metro population - moderate growth forecat graph shows

build that it was built on low taxes, not a lot of rules

point of readig -

building cities on the ouskirts are costing taxpayers MORE

now, NGO's are

building infrastrucutre, improved food security, increased immunization

ex.

calais jungle in france - underground tunnel from UK to France, you go through calais

author's mainpoint is that

calcutta does not follow this

8 world cities with opulation of 100 million

can fit into atlanta

hybrid sovereignties?

can look at lots of different groups that have some political agenicies in camps

what does urban mean?

can vary per country - can refer to density, size of town, or services provided

water supply has not kept up with population growth

cape town in 1990 had roughly 2 million people, today the city o 4 million is expceted to add antoerh 200,000 people in the next five years

now leader in

carbon prjects - first carbon trading scheme

segregated based on

caste - can't touch others from different caste

wet season in mexico city

causes flash floods, overflow of sewage system, and paved land doesn't allow for water to be absorbed

arm summer nigths

causes lots health risks

fastest urbanization was in

chicago and detroit - manufacturing cities

manufacturing cities

chicago, manchester england

how

chinese gov. approach to have few pockets of western economy in communist china accelerated ater tian. square protests, USSR fell apart, so they panicked and had to get their shit together

shows lack of success to describe

cities in other countries

bazaar-based south asian city model

cities in south asia older than colonial cities, built around a crossroads, concentric - circles coming out and out like chicago

greater cairo-

city + suburbs has 21 million people

triple

city boundaries of LA but only 1.9 million people

usally assume that

city moves from fordist to post-fordist city and changes shape of city

model in powerpoint of colonial Calcutta

low income versus high income town

three bridges linking

mainland to the islands

also largest

man made island called palm something

example

manchester

shenzehn built as a

manufacturing city and got labor from locals

however; this chapter says recent growth

may contradict this - growth has not slowed at all

then we start seeing...

merchan towns based on trade alone (florence, venice, etc).

7th biggest

metro in the world

sprawl? phon vs LA

metro phoenix is much more spreading, but quarter of population

Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

military junta created new capital city for Myanmanr

ein el-hilweh

militias are in charge in camp and lebanese army not allowed inside - challenges how we think about states, nations, and countries

growth of these cities contradict

modernization theory

then the gov. had to borrow

money from the IMF and then had to stop spending money - austerity

oil brought a lot of

money into nigeria, migration, infrastructure into lagos

perth

most isolated city

in 2018, phon. metro added

most people of any metro area in the US

south africa is

most unequal country on earth based on household income. poor people rely on leaky gov. taps and generally paying to get water out of tap. rich people spend 6,000 to drill a hole in their frontyard to access reservoir. drought conditions impact poor and rich differently.

where did syrian refugees go

most went to turkey, lebanon

international community did not

move there, south koreans did because it was more affordable

the gov wants to

move these people to island - banned permanent housing with limited services and resources

idea is that bejing is overcrowded so

moving stuff to new urban area - building it as a financial innovation hub, branches of big techn companies

risk of

mudslides, storms, natural disasters, flooding

used to have

natural defenses like soft clay soil but land development covers this and river is clogged

but, burgess model sees city as

natural process

lima, peru

nets on top of mountains that collect water in the air coming from the ocean

bidi bidi is closed to

new arrivals, but starting to look like a temporary city

oil money gets spent on

new buidlings like palace of peace and reconcilitation and presidential palace

now building

new business capital with central business district of 20 skyscrapers built by china - almost as big as singapore

in 2028, what will be the biggest city?

new delhi

what is the most urbanized state?

new jershey, even tho there are farms, they are still in urban market

covers area of

new orleans

lagos growing fast because

nigeria population growing fast

author mentions

nightmare of population growth - too many people moving to cairo and will cause problems

considered as the

seeds of civilization (aka progress)

for example,

segregation laws dictate living, so obv not natural

but got rid of brits and was

seperated into different countries based on religion

recent instant city -

shenzhen in city - reading

chinese patents graph shows

shenzhen is the intellectual property capital of china

compare and contrast urbanization in Lagos, Nigeria, and Shenzhen (China). Be sure to specify the drivers of urban growth in each of the two cities:

similarlities: rural migration to urban contrast: - informal economy versus formal economy in shenzhen - off the books slums in lagos / they live in informal slums, shezhen lives in worker housing with walls, water, and electricity - birthrates higher in lagos contributing to urbanization, china is growing because people want to work manufacturing jobs - also roles of gov: chinese gov built up shenzhen to be manufacturing hub, lagos gov. lacks control

songdo is the world's first

smart city - all buildings have automatic climate control, computerized access, stuff measuring traffic flow and air qualiy

jakarta - sinking

so building a new capital- borneo

pacific electric railway - as it went into valley,

so did land develpment. more dev followed wherever the railway went

kenyan gov. wants to close it

so they blame it for terrorist attacks in kenya, but high court say you can't just close it

to build this manufcaturing city, needed investment money from tiawan and hong kong

so they would invest in factories in shenzhen

traditional chinese city model

social hierarchy - confucian ideas, gov. buildings in middle represent centralized power of emperor

somalians haven't chosen to move back because

somalia is extremely dangerous - Al Shabaab still doing terrorist attacks

refugee

someon who has been forced to flee their country because of persecution, war, or violence

syria

sources largest amount of refugees in the world because of their civil war

first true cities were in what countries

southern mesopotamia (iraq region) around 4000 bc and egypt around 3000 bc, southern mexico around year 0, peru a bit later

10th most

sprawling metro area (atlanta i 1)

also system of

stores where refugees themselves are selling goods

also prone to

storms - at risk, gets worse with more sea level rise you get, storm damages supposed to get up

florida -

strongly at risk, a million of properties are to experience chronic flooding

retail and residential is located in

suburbs

in 2017, civil war in south sudan resulted in people fleeing to

sudan and uganda

manufcaturing is coming in shenzen but not just for

technlogy - it's a lot of other stuff

mike davis - uses this machine theory to describe growth of LA

tells us that in almost every case, the new strategies and elites have been generated by restructings of the political economy of land dev. as a general rule, changing modes of land speculatio nhave tended to determine the nature of LA power strucutres

los angeles, 1951

temp inversion layer - see layer of smog - cold air comes in from mts and gets trapped in warmer air. no circulation, you have warm air on top, cold on bottom and air pollution just stays there

if florida is so flood prone and if flood insurance program is in billions of dollars in debt,

that means flood insurance is expenseive, but WRONG, florida has cheap flood insurance premiums. you pay more in flood insurance premiums in utah than in florida. these premiums mean that right now, it is cheap to get insurance which means people want to buy real estate. But people are afraid that all of these property losses from sea level rise will force a reform on the national flood insurance program, therefore causing them to go up. if premiums go up, house values go down, which could reduce property tax revenue, which would be bad for the gob.

passed a law in 2003

that you had to catch your rainwater. repealed it in 2013

urbanized the same time that

the gdp went way up in shenzhen

urbanization

the growth of cities

why?

the manufacturing hub of India. Developed a lot of land = land is paved over like in houston and factories use rain and groundwater. Big automanufacting sector paves land and uses water.

since april 2008, there have been at least 1,812 days where air quality has reached at least unhealthy levels

there have been at least 1,812 days where air quality has reached at least unhealthy levels

dude brought safeway there

they get food credit on cards from UN

these industrial cities grew because

they had manufacturing jobs

a fiction of temporariness

they have temporary services, but they have been there for a long time. people have been born in dadaab - according to reading (rollings) - this is the future. temproary city that is kinda permanent

why does land dev. cost taxpayers money?

they pay for the roads, police and fire departs, bridges, schools... as city grows, these new things are paid by taxpayers

how would the urban growth machine theory explain the expansion of LA?

they started building g on the coastline and then expanded by companies that were makign money from the land - they controlled politics in order to expand it. the first downtown and then west side and then japanese investors - were not just operating private real estate companies, they were also involved in gov. so for ex. first wave elites brought water to san fernando valley and then started to build houses

next refugee camp - dadaab in kenya

third biggest city in kenya, second biggest in the WORLD HOLY SHIT

after 2008 crisis,

thought that this sprawling would stop to save money and build town homes, but now suburbs are making a comeback

he wants us to have a

three stage model for calcutta

legally allowed

to go outside of camp

these camps serve as a challenge

to nation-state paradigm

the gov. knows these camps exist and sort of allows them to be there, but doesn't want

to provide services because they don't want them to become permanent cities

but, housing is going to be

too expensive for labor workers - housing for middle and upper-class professionals

reading talks about

too many people with lack of land, resources

florida is susceptible becasue

topography is flat - elevation is 6 ft above sea level in Miami

local growth is a

transfer of wealth - money and qualtiy of life go to existing residents to elites - elites prosper from growth and residents pay for it

what country has most refugees

turkey

south sudan - refugees going into

uganda

they also grew

under political circumstances

protests about

unfree elections

other forms of urban pollution

untreated sewage, groundwater contimation, indoor cooking pollution

urban growth machine theory thinks about

urban growth as political and economic process driven by elites

different from ecological theory - chicago schools thinks

urban growth is a natural process driven individuals - organic process

shock cities

urban places experiencing infrastructural challenges related to massive and rapid urbanization

puts focus on

urban politics - this matters, who has political power matters

the chicago school

urban sociologists argued that grous of people competed for space in the city

dubai is home to

us navy, financial sector

so now they are trying to

use less water per capita - banking water in underwater storage projects (granite reef underground storage project), let water sink into aquafur, recycle waste water for nuclear power pant

paris - graph

used to just be the island, then over time built more defensive walls and put ethnic minorities in housing blocks in suburbs

then after syria,

venezuela, then afghanistan

other cities 0

venice - MOSE system

Fordist economy

vertically integrated economy, blue collar workforce

reading also describes it as a least sustainable city -

very hot there - heat island keeps temps at night in summer

beijing

was largest city in the world form 15th-19th century.

was the nodal center

was transportation, trade and foreign immigrants

so they bought

water rights far away from LA and brought it via aquaduct to LA

you also need

water to build new land dev.

example of different definition in toronto canada

we have the city proper, than urban agglomeration outside (def used by UN) - it is city populatino + suburb population, than metropolitan area is the labor market

shenzhen

went from hardly nothin in 1979 to a megacity

1690-1947

when it was a british colonial city

1905

when they built aquaduct

internet and media city

where they don't censor internet

if miami wants to deal with sea level rise,

will have to copy techniques pioneered in netherlands. one way, mitigation - emitting fewer greenhouse gases. 2nd- adaption, to protect us from harm. many of our adaption methods are modeled after the dutch

if they hit day 0

will have to travel to get water and limited to 6.6 gallons a day

use waste-eating bacteria, expose it to UV light, and then it makes water good to drink - use it

windhoek, namibia I think

where do these factory workers live

worker housing for factories laborers

area of pakistan and india southern

worst air quality in world

another flaw in his model -

writing in the 1920s, but after WW2, cities became decentralized with cars being purchased and homes built in suburbs

called handshake apartments cause

you can reach across and reach somebodys hand

if you are a citizen in UAE

you get a ton of money to not complain about monarchy

if you are buying a house in a flood prone area

you have to get flood insurance, miami did get mandatory flood purchases

biggest syrian camp

zaatari refugee camp in jordan **reading