us history chapt 6

3 famous British Generals

General John Burgoyne general Nicholas Herkimer general cornwallis

explain what Thomas Paine meant when he called some men"summer soldiers" and "sunshine patriots"

He referred to those who were willing to fight for a short time but then wanted to go home, either to harvest crops or to escape the rigors of war

haym solomon

a polish jew who ran lucrative brokerages in new york city and philadelphia helped finance army

why did British seek peace in 1778? why did the Americans reject their offer?

after the patriot victory at Saratoga and the allying of France with the Americans, the British view of the war changed. With France on their side, the Americans had a definite advantage. England ralized she would be fighting both her age old enemy and her estranged colonies- america had a good chance to secure her independence, and the patriots were not willing to give up such and opportunity

compare the philosophies of John Locke and William Blackstone. who had a more accurate view of government /why

blackstone had more accureate view of government because he recognized that the law of nature is not reason,as Locke had decreed, but rather the will of God. Since laws of nature carry out the will of God, they are,totally equitable and just. blackstone was wise enough to understand that because of Adam's fall, man's reason, important as it is, is not suffiecient enough for establishing laws to govern mankind and that only in scripture are such divine laws revealed

sir william howe

british general who forced to flee Boston- picked up additionoal troops in nova scotia and sailed for NYCin 1776

marquis de lafayette

close and invaluable aid to General Washington

george rogers clark

commarder of kentucky volunteers seized the british posts at kaskaskia and chokia in illinois - frontiersmen

july 4, 1776

date declaration of independance was adopted

prohibitory act

december 1775 parliment issued which prohibited all trade with the colonies and provided for the confiscation of thier ships

why was th song" the world turned upside down" appropriate when performed by the british at yorktown

despite all forces against them, the american patriots defeated one of the most powerful empires in the world and won its independence againstincrediable odds; a new nation, dedicatied to the priciples of freedom and justice had been born

nathan Hale

during british siege of NYC hale tried to relay indformatin to george washinton about general howe's troops but was captured and executed. - "i only regret that i have buy one life to lose for my country."

william blackstone

english political theorist - commentaries on the laws of England- best known history of english law

thomas paine

englishman published " common sense"

patriots/ whigs

favored independence

battle of orinskany

general howe decided to sail troops south from NY to attack philadelphia -moved south and captured fort ticonderoga but there ran into problens by the time he reached NY his men were exhausted - short on supplies and surrounded by patriot troops

trenton, new jersy

general washington lead a attack on the Hessian troops at Trenton dec 1776

mad anthony wayne

hero of american war of independence - known for his reckless courage

hessians

hired german soldiers fighting for Britain

joseph brant

important indian leaders who helped the british in war.

thomas jefferson

led 1st continental congress

loyalists/ tories

loyal to the king

john paul jones

naval hero- "i have not yet begun to fight"

treaty of paris 1783

officially ended the revolutionary war.

general nathaniel greene

patriot of quaker descent- the fighting quaker

robert morris

pensylvania superintendent of finance - borrowed money personnally to help relieve the continental army

richard henry lee

presented a resolution to continental congress- beginning of declaration of independence

baron von stueben

prussian that helped washington drill this trooops into a disciplined army and proved not all germans are like the Hessians

purpose of olive branch petition and declaration of the causes and necessity of taking up arms? what american ideals do these documents reflect? how did British respond?

purpose to demonstrate the colonists desire to reconcile peacefully their differences wtiht england stating their firm resolve to take up arms if necessary to defend american liberty. reflect american ideals of liberty, as well as her respect for law and authourity of government. george Ii and parliament refused to listen to america's repeated pleas for redress of grievances and determined to bring the colonies into total subjection

why did the british employment of hession troops anger americans/ Why do you suppose German troops were needed?

the americans thought it was bad enough to have british troops stations in the colonies; by sending foriegn mercenaries, king george had gone too far. the foreign mercenaries may have been needed because many British soldiers questioned the wisdom of war with the colonies and had no desire to come to the american wilderness and fight those they considered fellow countrymen

francis marion

the swamp fox- volunteer militia

battle of saratoga 1777

turning point in america's war for independence - finished british chances of isolating new england from the rest of the colonies.

battle of yorktown 1781

victory for patriot cause. said to be deciding battle of the war.

valley forge

winter quarters for washington's army- inadequate shelter, clothing and food