WB 22

Tarsiiformes

When classified as haplorrhines, tarsiers belong to this sister group to the Simiiformes the Simiiformes

C

Which of the following about tarsier vision is not correct? A. the two eyes account for ten-percent of the animal ʼ s weight. B. tarsiers have trichromatic vision. C. tarsiers have excellent stereoscopic vision. D. the cone are concentrated in the fovea centralis. E. a tapetum lucidum is part of their highly adapted nocturnal vision

A

Which of the following is not a prosimian trait found in Tarsius ? A. fovea in the retina B. chromosome numbers. C. mandibular symphysis. D. multiple mammae E. grooming claw.

E

Which of the following is not a trait always found in simiiforms? A. nails on all digits B. fused mandible. C. two vertical incisors per quadrant. D. there are always canine teeth. E. grooming claw

D

Which of the following is not an anthropoid trait found in Tarsius ? A. lacks tapetum lucidum. B. retinal fovea. C. closed orbits. D. unfused mandible. E. dry nose

E

Which of the following is a haplorhine trait compared to the strepsirhines? A. de-emphasis on olfaction B. greater prehensibility of digits. C. color vision. D. eyes face fully forward. E. monochromatic vision.

grooming claw

a prosimian trait found in tarsiers

Tarsier

A small primate of SE Asia that is descended from an ancient primate group of the Eocene

islands of Southeast Asia

geographic location of living tarsiers

Saltation

hen on the ground, tarsiers resort to this type of locomotion

Simiiformes

monkeys and apes

nares

Position of these distinguishes Platyrrhines from Catarrhine

ten

tarsier may eat this percentage of its weight every day

Parvorder

the Platyrrhini are at this taxonomic level

179

the tarsier neck is capable of rotation to the degree

tarsier

this primate caused a problem for taxonomists because it had traits of both prosimians and anthropoids

Crepuscular, nocturnal

Depending on the species and the ecological conditions, tarsiers have either a _______________________ or ___________________ activity cycle

Simiiformes

In the past it was believed that the Platyrrhini were descended from an Eocene prosimian from North America. Recent biochemical evidence indicates that the _____________________ are a monophyletic clade descended from a common ancestor from Africa

Strepsirhini

Replaces Prosimii as a cladistic division of the primates

Precocial

Said of a young that is born furred and capable of moving on its own

T

T F Each eye of a tarsier weighs more than the brain. The two eyes together account for one-third of the animal ʼ s body weight

F

T F Tarsiers eat mainly fruit, but it is notably, considering its small size, that it also consumes leaves for protein supplement

T

T F The tibia and fibula of the lower leg is 40% fused in the tarsier. This T ARSIERS - 7 enhances their leaping abilities.

needle-like

Tarsier incisors have been described as _____________ - _________ . They use these teeth when they leap on a prey animal, pin it down, close their eyes, and bite it.

VCL

Tarsier locomotion in the shrub layer of the forest

species; ecological

Tarsier social organization varies by _______________ and _____________________ setting. On Sulawesi the spectral tarsier lives in monogamous families. In the Philippines the tarsiers are either monogamous or polygynous. Horsfield ʼ s tarsier on Borneo is noyau and lives in neighborhoods. Behavior and calls also are variable

Haplorhini

Tarsiers are a member of this Infraorder

Tarsiidae

Tarsiers belong to the family ___________________

E

Tarsiers have an adaptation in the foot that enables them to saltate while retaining the prehensility of the primate foot, namely the elongation of the tarsus. Which bone has been elongated? A. metatarsal V. B. navicular. C. talus D. calcaneus. E. both B and D

Haplorrhini; Strepsirrhini

Tarsiers have anatomical traits in common with both anthropoids and prosimians. Taxonomically, this was a problem. The solution in the 1970s was to move them from the Prosimii to a new suborder (some say infraorder) that was unifying by the possession of a dry-nose. This new suborder is called the _______________________ . The Prosimii have been replaced by the ___________________________ , the wet nose primates

Cones

The retina of tarsiers lack this type of photoreceptor

Incisors

There are two of these per jaw quadrant in a tarsier

Metatarsals

These bones have not been elongated in tarsiers enabling them to retain a primate grip with their foot

Calls

These help delineate tarsier territories by both males and females

Pinnae

These structures are large, lightly furred, membranous, and constantly moving in a tarsier

eye

This organ in a tarsier weighs slightly more than the entire brain

neck

This region is short as part of the tarsier's locomotor adaptation, but it also is capable of swiveling almost 180 degree

thumb

This structure is not opposable in a tarsier

Tarsals

Two of these bones have elongated in the tarsier foot

trichromatic

Vision that has three different types of cones capable of detecting three different wavelengths of light

short

an adaptation of the neck for saltation

postorbital closure

an anthropoid trait found in tarsiers

Fovea

pit densely supplied with cones except in tarsiers and owl monkeys

Tarsiiformes

sister taxa of the Simiiformes