web based midterm
<a href="[email protected]">email me</a> Valid Invalid
invalid, needs mailto
If #grid-container is modified, how wide is the second column? #grid-container { width: 600px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px auto; }
400 minus
Which status code is sent when the web browser is denied permission to the requested URL?
403
If a web server is reached but the specific requested page isn't found, the server returns a ___ status code,
404
Which status code is sent when the requested URL does not point to an existing resource on the web server?
404
HTML__ was the latest HTML standard released by the W3C in 2014.
5
Uniquely identifies the specific input tag to the browser.
id
Adding the ---- to any HTML tag creates a fragment identifier, permitting URLs to link directly to the id's location in the document. The HTML in the figure below creates two section links to the <section> tags with ---- "Ch1" and "Ch2".
id attribute fragment identifiers
A name created for an item like a variable is called an -- . JavaScript imposes the following rules for identifiers:
identifier
An entity tag (ETag) is an
identifier for a specific version of a web resource. Ex: 34905a3e285dd11.
The identity operator === performs strict equality. Two operands are strictly equal if the operands' data types and values are equal. Ex: 3 === 3 is true because both operands are numbers and the same value, but "3" === 3 is false because "3" is a string, and 3 is a number. The non-identity operator !== is the opposite of the identity operator. Ex: "3" !== "3" is false because both operands are the same type and value, but "3" !== 3 is true because "3" is a string, and 3 is a number.
identity operator
An if statement executes a group of statements if a condition is true. Braces { } surround the group of statements. Good practice is to indent statements in braces using a consistent number of spaces. This material indents 3 spaces.
if statement
If a server is down, the server cannot return a page. Instead, a message may be displayed saying
"Cannot reach the website" or similar.
The--- opening and closing tags create a new table cell containing a table datum.
<td>
Modulus (remainder)
%
Decimal number
©
Hexadecimal number
©
&
& (ampersand)
entity name
©
ip address about
(B) IPv4 addresses are generally written with decimal numbers, not hexadecimal numbers. (C) Each number must be between 0 and 255, and 375 > 255.
Exponentiation
**
Increment
++
The ___ began as four networked computers in ___
- Internet - 1969
The CSS position property gives developers more control over where elements should appear in the browser. position has four possible values: static
- Static positioning is the default positioning relative - Relative positioning positions the element relative to the element's default position fixed - Fixed positioning positions the element relative to the viewport in a fixed location absolute - Absolute positioning positions the element relative to the nearest positioned ancestor
An HTTP request and an HTTP response are both composed of four parts:
- start line - header field - empty line - message body
Decrement
--
Attribute contains whole word
-=
top-level domains (TLD) examples
.com, .net, .org, .edu, and .gov.
How many total HTTP requests does a browser send for a webpage that does not use any other web resources?
1
A typical IP address is
32 bits, divided into four 8-bit groups, each group often written as a decimal number.
IPv4, has a
32-bit addresses (2^32)
How many websites existed in 2011?
350mil
IPv6 has a
128-bit addresses
How many DNS servers are there?
13 main ones
HTML defines over --- elements.
130
ip address example
198.51.100.7
First web browser is created.
1990
When was the first website published?
1991
When was Yahoo created?
1994
If a web browser sends 20 HTTP requests to a web server, how many HTTP responses will the web server likely send to the web browser?
20
In what year did the number of internet users surpass 3 billion?
2015
In what year did web browsing first become more likely on mobile rather than desktop? 2010 2016 2018
2016
IPv6 supports about how many IP addresses?
3.4 x 10^38
How many websites existed in 2001?
300 mil
Which status code is sent when the web server wants to redirect the browser to a different URL?
301 or 302
Which status code is sent when the web server compares the cached ETag with the server's ETag for a requested web resource, and the two ETags are identical?
304
Instruction to web browser that specifies the document type.
<!DOCTYPE html>
The ___ declaration instructs the web browser about what type of document follows.
<!DOCTYPE html>
Tag that marks the end of the HTML document.
</html>
The --- element plays an audio file in a webpage. The <source> element is used inside the <audio> tag to specify an audio file to play. Some common <audio> attributes include:
<audio>
The ---- opening and closing tags enclose all elements and content to be rendered in the browser.
<body>
HTML content displayed by the browser.
<body></body>
The ---- tag creates a line break in a paragraph, such that the content after the line break appears on a new line. Good practice is to use <br> when the line break is essential to the content, such as lines in a poem or mailing address, and not just to add spacing for formatting a webpage. CSS, discussed elsewhere, should be used for formatting a webpage.
<br>
A table caption defines a short descriptive text for a table and is created with--- tags
<caption>
the ---- tag denotes a title, such as a book or song title, and is italicized by default. Ex: <cite>Spaceballs</cite> is a parody of the <cite>Star Wars</cite> trilogy. yields: Spaceballs is a parody of the Star Wars trilogy.
<cite>
The --- tag allows the web browser to submit information from the user to the server. The <form> tag has two primary attributes:
<form>
The --- tag's enctype attribute value "multipart/form-data" indicates the web browser should split a POST request into multiple parts, where each input field is sent as a separate part of the HTTP request message.
<form>
The ----- opening and closing tags contain the document title, document metadata, and various other elements that are typically not displayed in the webpage.
<head>
Tag that marks the beginning of the HTML document.
<html lang="en">
The ---- opening and closing tags enclose everything but the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration. <html lang="en"> indicates that the document's language is English.
<html>
A YouTube video may be embedded in a webpage with the <iframe> element. The --- element allows a webpage to be embedded in a rectangular area of the current webpage. The <iframe> element uses the src attribute to specify the URL of the webpage to display and the width and height attributes to define the width and height in pixels of the rectangular iframe.
<iframe>
The ----- tag displays an image in a webpage. The <img> tag does not enclose any content and is therefore a void element with no closing tag. The <img> tag has two required attributes: - The ---- specifies the URL of the image file to display. - The ---- provides a text description to use as an alternative to displaying the image.
<img> src attribute alt attribute
The --- tag allows the user to enter information into a webpage. The <input> tag cannot enclose any additional page content, and thus does not have a closing tag. The <input> tag has five primary attributes:
<input>
The --- tag displays descriptive text associated with a specific widget. A label has a for attribute whose value should match the id attribute for the widget being labeled. Labels help people using screen readers understand what input is expected.
<label>
The ---- tag denotes important content that should be semantically highlighted and is rendered with a yellow background by default. Ex: <mark>Highlight</mark> what is important. yields: Highlight what is important.
<mark>
Tag that specifies the character encoding used in the document.
<meta charset = "utf - 8">
The ---- tag specifies metadata, which is data that describes the document's data. <meta charset="UTF-8"> describes how characters are represented in the HTML document. Additional <meta> tags may be used to indicate when the document was saved, who the author is, etc.
<meta>
The --- tag indicates text that has strong importance, and is bolded by default.
<strong>
The --- opening and closing tags create a new table cell containing table header information about the data. Usually, the browser displays table headers centered with a bold font.
<th>
The ---- tag specifies the table header. The ---- tag specifies the table body. The ---- tag specifies the table footer.
<thead> <tbody <tfoot>
The ----- opening and closing tags enclose the name of the document. The title is usually displayed in the browser's titlebar, is used by search engines, and is used for bookmarking.
<title>
Tag that names the document.
<title> </title>
The --- opening and closing tags create a table row, which contains all the row's cells.
<tr>
The --- element displays a video in a webpage. The <source> element is used in a <video> tag to specify the name of the video file to play. Some common <video> attributes include:
<video>
Attribute has exact value
=
The query string appears after the ? in the URL when the form submits data with the GET method.
? after /
A CSS rule consists of a selector followed by a declaration block between braces ({}).
A CSS selector specifies the HTML elements to which the specific style rule applies. A declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons (;). A CSS styling declaration is a CSS property followed by a colon (:) and the property value
FUNCTION
A JavaScript function is a named group of statements that canbe executed by referring to that name
A boolean attribute is an attribute that is true when present and false when absent. Ex: The checked attribute for a checkbox widget is a boolean attribute. If the checked attribute is set, the checkbox is initially selected.
A boolean attribute
LANGUAGE
A set of rules describing how to write HTML.
VARIABLE
A variable stores a value or a link to an element of a webpage.
Battery life:
A webpage that constantly runs JavaScript and frequently loads data will drain the battery faster.
A webpage that uses a fluid layout allows the page contents to fill the browser, sometimes by using percentages for widths. Ex: The figure below shows a webpage at the bottom using a fluid layout where the contents always fit the browser's width. Fluid layouts make better use of the available space than fixed layouts and do not produce a horizontal scroll bar when the browser is resized.
A webpage that uses a fluid layout allows the page contents to fill the browser, sometimes by using percentages for widths. Ex: The figure below shows a webpage at the bottom using a fluid layout where the contents always fit the browser's width. Fluid layouts make better use of the available space than fixed layouts and do not produce a horizontal scroll bar when the browser is resized.
What container tags are used to surround each individual review? <section> <article> <div>
Although the <div> tags could be removed without changing the appearance of the page, the <div> tags help create structure that could be useful when applying CSS to the page.
<a href="#History">History</a> Valid Invalid
An href with only the fragment identifier #History links to the History section of the current page. valid
CSS can be applied to HTML in three ways:
An inline style places CSS declarations inside a tag's style attribute. An embedded stylesheet places CSS rules in an HTML document's head using <style> tags. An external stylesheet places CSS rules in a separate file that is imported into an HTML document with a <link> tag.
rgb(0, 0, 0)
Black
/* begins a comment, but */, which ends the comment, is missing.
COMMENT JAVA
(Cascading Style Sheets) is a textual language for describing how a webpage is styled for visual presentation. Web browsers use CSS to determine how a webpage is rendered on the screen, printed to paper, or presented via other media. The CSS acronym highlights the two main characteristics of presenting a webpage:
CSS
A CSS variable is a custom CSS property that defines a value. A CSS variable is declared in a CSS selector that defines the variable's scope. A CSS variable can have global scope by declaring the variable in the :root selector, which targets the highest DOM element: the <html> element.
CSS variable i
box model
Content: The innermost box contains the content of the element, such as text and images. Padding: The padding box contains the content box and adds a transparent area around the content. Border: The border box contains the padded content and adds an optionally colored area around the padding. Margin: The margin box contains all three boxes and adds a transparent area around the border.
<p>Bananas grow <!--in bushes.</p>--> on a tree.</p>
Correct The browser ignores the first</p>tag, because the tag is in a comment.
What types of elements can be inside an inline element? Only inline elements Only block elements Both inline and block elements
Correct An inline element can only contain other inline elements and text. first
POST
Create a new resource with the contents of the message body.
The web browser performs a ___ ___ by sending the domain name to the local DNS and getting back the IP address of the web server hosting the domain name
DNS Lookup
rgb(169, 169, 169)
DarkGray
last modified
Datetime the requested resource was last modified on the web server.
date
Datetime the response was generated by the web server.
DELETE
Delete an existing resource.
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding).aac
Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format with better sound quality.
Wave (Waveform Audio File Format).wav
Developed by Microsoft and IBM, mainly for storing uncompressed audio on Windows.
CSS
Each rule indicates the element to be styled like h1 (header1) or p (paragraph), followed by a list in braces { } of property:value items like color:blue.
em, strong
Emphasis, strong emphasis (italics)
javascript simple function
Enables document interaction
A truthy value is a non-Boolean value that evaluates to true in a Boolean context. Ex: if (18) evaluates to true because non-zero numbers are truthy values. A falsy value is a non-Boolean value that evaluates to false in a Boolean contex
Ex: if (null) evaluates to false because null is a falsy value.
If animation-duration is assigned the value 0s, the animation occurs very quickly. True False
F
All browsers must use the same JavaScript engine. True False
FALSE
ECMAScript and JavaScript are the same thing. True False
FALSE
JavaScript and Java are the same programming language. True False
FALSE
JavaScript is only used for programs that run in a web browser. True False
FALSE
if ("")
FALSEY
if (0) true false
FALSEY
if (undefined) true false
FALSEY
A 404 message indicates that a domain name is not recognized.
False
FTP stands for
File Transfer Protocol
302
Found The resource should temporarily be requested at a different URL.
The ---- is a technique used by a web browser to submit information to a web server by altering the URL of the HTTP request. When a user clicks the submit button in a form that uses the GET method, the browser performs the following steps:
GET method
Grid layout is a CSS layout mode that divides a webpage into a rectangular grid in which to position page elements. Grid layout is ideal for designing two-dimensional webpage layouts.
Grid layout is a CSS layout mode that divides a webpage into a rectangular grid in which to position page elements. Grid layout is ideal for designing two-dimensional webpage layouts.
An HSL color value specifies a color using the hsl(hue, saturation, lightness)
HSL
An --- is a portion of the document that is not displayed by the browser. A comment begins with the <!-- character sequence and ends with the -->
HTML comment
separation of concern contains
HTML is the language that describes the page content. CSS is the language that describes page layout. JavaScript is the language that provides interactive functionality.
An ---- checks that an HTML document conforms to the standard. Good practice is to use tools like the W3C Markup Validator to check document conformance.
HTML validator
HTTPS encrypts
HTTP traffic between a browser and web server so a network sniffer cannot intercept sensitive information in the HTTP traffic like passwords, credit card numbers, financial transactions, etc.
h1, h2, h3
Headers. h1 is largest.
HTML stands for
HyperText markup language
HTTP stands for
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Are human doctors or IBM's Watson more likely to keep up with new medical information in the future?
IBM watson
The ID selector, specified with a hash character followed by the ID name, matches the element that has the specified ID.
ID selector,
Which browser lost the most market share between 2010 and 2019?
IE
An infinite loop is a loop that never stops executing. Ex
INFINITE
The semicolon after the while condition creates an infinite loop. While loops should never have a semicolon after the condition.
INFINITE LOOP
user-agent
Identifies the browser making the request.
server
Identifies the web server software that generated the response.
img
Image
auto
Note: Some browsers block <audio autoplay> from autoplaying so users are not jolted with sound when visiting a webpage.
500
Internal Server Error Something unexpected happened on the web server.
304
Not Modified The resource has not been modified since the last time the resource was requested.
Modern JavaScript interpreters (also called JavaScript engines) use just-in-time (JIT) compilation
JIT
The ----(Joint Photographic Experts Group) image format is commonly used for digital photographs. The ---- (Portable Network Graphics) image format is commonly used for line art, screenshots, or images requiring transparency. The --- (Graphics Interchange Format) image format is commonly used for simple animated images.
JPEG PNG GIF
JavaScript was standardized by Ecma International in 1997 and called JavaScript was standardized by Ecma International in 1997 and called ECMAScript..
JavaScript was standardized by Ecma International in 1997 and called ECMAScript.
Device speed:
Limited memory and CPU speed of mobile devices means mobile browsers are not as powerful as desktop browsers.
type="i"
Lowercase Roman numerals
type="a"
Lowercase letters
VA mixin is set of reusable styles and is defined by the @mixin directive. A directive is an extension to the CSS at-rules, which are statements that begin with the @ character. Mixins may take arguments, which give mixins the ability to customize the styles that the mixin defines. Mixins are included in a document using the @include directive.
MIXIN
css simple function
Manages document presentation
Data cost:
Many users have data plans that limit how much content can be downloaded. Large webpages and webpages that keep requesting more data reach a mobile data plan's limit faster.
content type
Media type of the response's message body.
Load speed
Mobile devices may have limited or slower internet connectivity.
PATCH
Modify an existing resource with the contents of the message body.
301
Moved Permanently The resource should always be requested at a different URL.
404
Not Found The resource could not be located.
content length
Number of bytes in the response's message body.
type="1"
Numbers (default)
200
OK Standard response for a successful request.
How many total HTTP requests does a browser send for a webpage that contains four web resources: an image, a video, a CSS stylesheet, and a JavaScript file?
One HTTP request is made for the HTML file, and one request is made for each of the four resources. So 1 + 4 = 5
Ogg Vorbis.ogg
Open-source audio coding format developed by Xiph.Org Foundation.
Fragment -
Optional characters at the end of a URL that start with a hash character (#) and refer to a certain location within a webpage. In https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL#History, the fragment "#History" refers to the webpage's History section.
Query string -
Optional characters to the right of the question mark (?) in a URL that provide data for the web server. In https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu7XCEMdSHg, the characters after the ? tells YouTube's server to play a video having code uu7XCEMdSHg
A JavaScript program may obtain text input from the user with the prompt() function. The prompt() function prompts the user with a dialog box that allows the user to type a single line of text and press OK or Cancel. The prompt() function returns the string the user typed or null if the user pressed Cancel.
PROMPT
A hexadecimal color specifies a color using the #RRGGBB
RRGGBB
p
Paragraph
MARKUP
Part of a document that explains how to interpret or structure other parts of the document.
Bootstrap
RESPONSIVE
PUT
Replace an existing resource with the contents of the message body.
GET
Request a representation of the specified resource.
HEAD
Request a response identical to GET but without the response body.
-- is a popular CSS preprocessor that uses CSS-like syntax to build complex CSS stylesheets. Other popular CSS preprocessors, like Less and Stylus, offer similar and unique features with different syntax.
Sass
--- is a set of extensions to CSS that allow properties to use variables, arithmetic, and functions. SassScript also provides basic control directives for performing conditional logic and looping.
SassScrip
Screen size:
Screen size is much smaller than desktops.
max length min length
Sets the maximum number of input characters. Sets the minimum number of input characters.
max, min
Sets the maximum value that the input can have. Sets the minimum value that the input can have.
Some webpages use a fixed layout, which uses a fixed-width container to envelop the webpage contents. Ex: The figure below shows a webpage at the top using a fixed layout where the entire contents fit inside 960px. Resizing the browser does not change the width of the webpage contents.
Some webpages use a fixed layout, which uses a fixed-width container to envelop the webpage contents. Ex: The figure below shows a webpage at the top using a fixed layout where the entire contents fit inside 960px. Resizing the browser does not change the width of the webpage contents.
html simple def function
Specifies document structure
A property that is listed in the from keyframe selector but not the to keyframe selector will not be animated. True False
T
An animation without an animation-delay property begins immediately. True False
T
ICANN, the organization that manages
TLDs, now allows companies and organizations to create customized TLDs, like .church, .pizza, and .music.
Although a JavaScript identifier may contain numbers, an identifier name may not begin with a number.
TRUE
if (" ") true false
TRUTHY
HYPERTEXT
Text that contains connections to other documents.
radial-gradient(green, blue); True False
The interior is green and the exterior blue.
The adjacent sibling selector, specified using a plus character (+) between two selectors, matches an element that immediately follows another element, where both elements have the same parent. Ex: The adjacent selector h1 + p in the figure below matches the first paragraph immediately following the <h1> header element, where both the paragraph and heading share the same section element parent.
The adjacent sibling selector,
background
The background-color property specifies the background color. The background-image property specifies a background image. The background property is shorthand for setting several of the element's background properties at the same time.
Path -
The characters to the right of the hostname in a URL. Ex: In https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol, the path is "/alcohol".
Hostname -
The complete domain name following the scheme in a URL. Ex: In https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol, the hostname is "www.cdc.gov"
) p { font-size: 1.5rem; }
The default font size is 16px, so 16px × 1.5 = 24px.
host
The domain name for the requested path.
float
The float property specifies whether the element will float to the right or left of the element's parent container, allowing text to flow around the element. Values for the float property include: left - Element floats to parent container's left side right - Element floats to parent container's right side none - Element does not float (default value) The clear property can stop elements from floating. Values for the clear property include: both - No elements allowed to float left - No element allowed to float on parent container's left side right - No element allowed to float on parent container's right side none - Elements allowed to float (default value) PARTICIPATION ACTIVITY
vThe font property is shorthand for setting several font properties at the same time. Ex: font: italic 12pt Georgia, serif;
The font property is shorthand for setting several font properties at the same time. Ex: font: italic 12pt Georgia, serif;
The font-style property changes the text style, such as normal, italic, or oblique.
The font-style property changes the text style, such as normal, italic, or oblique.
vThe font-variant property specifies the variant of the text, such as normal or small-caps.
The font-variant property specifies the variant of the text, such as normal or small-caps.
The font-weight property specifies the font weight, such as normal or bold.
The font-weight property specifies the font weight, such as normal or bold.
Which URL links to the "Governance" section of Wikipedia's Internet article?
The fragment identifier "Governance" must follow the # character at the end of the URL.
<a href="example.com/index.html">See example</a>
The href attribute URL should include a scheme, such as https, when the URL includes a hostname. invalid
MP3.mp3
The sound portion of an MPEG file. Most popular format for music players.
Which HTML attribute prevents the user from entering "4.1" as a rating? required max step
The step="0.5" on the Rating's <input> tag requires the value be a multiple of 0.5 before the form can be submitted.
The text-align property changes the horizontal alignment of text for an element. Possible values are: left, right, center, and justify.
The text-align property changes the horizontal alignment of text for an element. Possible values are: left, right, center, and justify.
more
The type attribute indicates the widget type. Common types include text, password, submit, and button. The name attribute names the widget and sends the widget's value when the widget's form is submitted. The id attribute is used to give a widget a unique identifier. The placeholder attribute specifies text that first appears in a text widget, typically for giving the user a hint as to the expected value. The value attribute specifies a default value for a widget.
LOOP
Three general-purpose looping constructs exist: while, do-while, and for loops. The while loop is a looping structure that checks if the loop's condition is true before executing the loop body, repeating until the condition is false. The loop body is the statements that a loop repeatedly executes.
who was the creator of the WWW
Tim Berners-Lee
(TCP/IP)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
HTTPS uses a protocol called
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
URL stands for
Uniform Resource Locator http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm
type="I"
Uppercase Roman numerals
type="A"
Uppercase letters
Interface
User interaction is with touch, not a mouse
Variables are not explicitly assigned a data type. JavaScript uses dynamic typing, which determines a variable's type at run-time. Every variable has a data type, such as one of the data types in the table below.
Variables are not explicitly assigned a data type. JavaScript uses dynamic typing, which determines a variable's type at run-time. Every variable has a data type, such as one of the data types in the table below.
affordances
Visual clues that guide the user in figuring out how to use an app.
HTML Living Standard
WHATWG, a continually evolving standard without version numbers that replaces HTML5.
RGB(255,255,255)
WHOTE
div { font-family: serif }
While the last rule declaration of a block does not require a trailing semicolon, good practice is to add a semicolon to the end of each declaration block.
Attribute begins with value
^=
For the following questions, assume the image is 1000 pixels wide and 800 pixels high. Indicate the values needed in the following HTML to produce an image with an aspect ratio of 2:1 while maintaining the image's width of 1000 pixels.
a - 1000 b- 500
A tag has
a descriptive name surrounded by < and > characters that the web browser uses to display content. Ex: <p> specifies a paragraph.
mobile device
a handheld computer, like a smartphone or tablet.
The web was originally called the World Wide Web, or WWW, because Berners-Lee envisioned...
a large collection of globally distributed webpages linking to each other.
HTTP response is
a message sent from the web server back to the web browser in response to an HTTP request. Often the response contains the requested web resource.
The World Wide Web allowed for...
a more convenient way for computers to communicate les over the internet
TCP/IP is
a protocol suite that governs how data packets are transferred over the internet from one machine to another
The web browser displays---- widget for an <input> tag with the type attribute of "submit", which sends the associated form's data to the server when clicked. A submit button uses the value attribute to specify the button's text.
a submit button
An --- is a complete URL. Ex: <a href="http://example.com/test.html">test</a> is a hyperlink using the absolute URL http://example.com/test.html.
absolute URL
The ---- indicates the URL where the form data should be sent. Typically the URL uses HTTPS so the form data is encrypted.
action attribute
Web Hypertext Application TechnologyWorking Group / WHATWG
an organization that develops a variety of web standards and whose members include the major browser vendors.
A web resource is
any retrievable item, like an HTML file, image, video, CSS stylesheet, etc.
___ may register an unused domain name with a domain name registrar
anyone
A browser cache is an
area on the computer's file system where web content can be stored by the web browser for quick retrieval later. By caching web content, browsers can reduce the amount of network traffic required to display previously visited webpages.
An image's --- is the ratio of the image width to the image height. The aspect ratio is written as width:height. Ex: An image 500 pixels wide and 250 pixels high has an aspect ratio of 500:250, which simplifies to 2:1.
aspect ratio
The universal selector, specified using an --- character (*), matches all elements in the webpage. The universal selector is implied when an element name is not specified. Ex: The CSS selectors .highlight and *.highlight match exactly the same elements, where the universal selector is implied in .highlight and explicit in *.highlight.
asterisk universal selector,
The -- specified with an attribute name and optional value comparison enclosed in square brackets ([ and ]), matches elements with the specified attribute or the specified attribute and value. Ex: a[target] selector matches anchor elements with a target attribute specified. The attribute selector can be more specific by matching elements with attributes having a specific value. Ex: a[target="_blank"] attribute selector matches anchor elements with a target attribute value of _blank.
attribute selector,
audio features
autoplay - Boolean attribute that makes the audio begin playing automatically. controls - Boolean attribute that displays audio controls for the user to play, pause, and control the volume. loop - Boolean attribute that replays the audio upon reaching the end of the audio. muted - Boolean attribute that initially mutes the audio.
Element's background color
background-color
HTML elements can be categorized as either block or inline. A--- (sometimes called a block-level element) fills the width of the element's parent container and can contain other block elements, inline elements, and text. Block elements include <h1>, <table>, and <p>.
block element <p>
The checked attribute is an example of a ---- . A boolean attribute is an attribute that is true when present and false when absent. No value must be assigned to a boolean attribute.
boolean attribute
The CSS property border-image renders an element's border using sections of an image. The border image takes the place of any border properties specified by border-style. The following CSS properties are specified by border-image all at once:
border-image-source - Image URL border-image-slice - Image section size border-image-repeat - "repeat" to repeat the image section, "round" to repeat the image section but resize the image if needed to fit, or "stretch" to stretch an image section
What types of elements can be inside a block element? Only inline elements Only block elements Both inline and block elements
both
The box-shadow property creates a shadow for text. True False
box-shadow creates shadows for the box around an element. text-shadow creates a shadow for text.
A --- widget can be created using the <button> opening and closing tags or with <input type="button">. The <button> element allows text and images to be displayed in a button, but an <input> button only allows text.
button
Which element can create a button with an image? <button> <input>
button
order of table with title
caption tr th td
The process of combining multiple style rules and resolving conflicting styles.
cascading
Scheme
characters at the beginning of a URL followed by a colon ":" or a colon and double slashes "://". Common URL schemes include http, https, mailto, and file. Ex: In https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol, the scheme is "https".
A ---- is a widget for input elements with the type attribute of "checkbox", which allows users to check, or select, a value. A checkbox initially appears selected if the ---- is set. Ex: <input type="checkbox" checked> creates a checked checkbox.
checkbox checked attribute
The child selector, specified using a greater than character (>) between two selectors, matches any elements where the second element is a direct child of the first element. The child selector is similar to the descendant selector (space between selectors), but the matching child element in the child selector must be a direct child of the matching parent element.
child selector
HTML tag's --- specifies the classes to which the tag belongs, with each class name separated by a space.
class attribute
The class selector, specified with a period character followed by the class name, matches elements that have the specified class name.The class selector, specified with a period character followed by the class name, matches elements that have the specified class name.
class selector
A link on a webpage is a
clickable item that usually causes the web browser to open another webpage when clicked
A website is a
collection of related webpages
Clicking on the --- picker creates a color selector popup that helps the user explore and choose a color. The basic syntax for the color picker is <input type="color">.
color
Element's font color
color
A single table cell occupies a single row and column by default, but a cell may span multiple columns or multiple rows using the ---- and rowspan attribute to specify how many columns or rows to span. The colspan and ----- apply to <td> and <th> tags.
colspan attribute rowspan attributes
A --- is the combination of a text box and drop-down menu into a single widget. A combo box is created with an <input> element, which creates the text box, and a --- element, which provides the drop-down list options.
combo box <datalist>
IP address
computer's unique address on the internet , cameras, printers and sensors to communicate with each other
Output may be produced using the function console.log(), which displays text or numbers in the console. The console is a location where text output is displayed. Web browsers have a console (accessible from the brower's development tools) that displays output from code the browser executes. This chapter's activities display the console output in the web page.
console.log(),
A constant is an initialized variable whose value cannot change. A JavaScript constant is declared with the const keyword. Ex: const slicesPerPizza = 8; creates a constant slicesPerPizza that is always 8.
constant
When a computer sends a packet using a domain name over the internet, the first step is to
contact a DNS server to convert the domain name to an IP address.
A --- is any part of a web document body that has opening and closing tags. Web developers typically create many containers as a convenience to assist in organizing and formatting content. Ex: Containers can be formatted by applying styles to adjust margins, padding, horizontal and vertical alignment, and other visual presentation attributes.
container
packet
contains To and From IP addresses, the information to communicate, and other configuration information.
A message body
contains data being transferred between a web browser and web server. In a request, the message body may be empty or contain submitted form data. In a response, the message body may contain the requested resource.
Allows entering a time more easily.
date
Allows input of a date and time.
date time
Expires contains a
date/time indicating when the requested resource is considered "stale".
anchor tag / <a>
defines a hyperlink in a webpage
A ----- feature is part of a language that is officially discouraged because newer or better features exist, or because the deprecated feature is no longer considered safe.
deprecated
The descendant selector, specified with a selector followed by a space and another selector, matches elements that are contained in other elements.
descendant selector
A website wanting to use HTTPS must acquire a ___issued by a trusted certificate authority,
digital certificate,
Generic tag for creating block containers
div
Before a TCP connection is created, the web browser performs a/an
dns lookup
Some tags, like <img>,
do not require a closing tag.
A webpage or web page is a
document that is viewed in a web browser.
A DNS server's primary role is to convert _____.
domain name to ip
double quote can be escaped within an attribute value by placing the backslash character (\) before the special character, causing that character to lose any special meaning. Ex: alt="Dwight D. \"Ike\" Eisenhower".
double quote
The element selector matches elements with the specified element names.Ex: p { color: blue; } selects all p elements.
element selector
An --- is a mechanism for writing special characters or symbols in HTML, such as mathematical symbols, characters in most languages, and many other symbols. Many HTML entities can be specified by name. However, some entities do not have a name and can instead be specified using a decimal or hexadecimal number as shown in the table below.
entity
A ---- is a mechanism that allows a webpage element to function correctly even if the browser does not support a particular element. Good practice is to implement a fallback mechanism if a particular widget is not widely supported by browsers at the time.
fallback
A <section> tag should be placed inside a heading tag. True False
false
All browsers autoplay unmuted video. True False
false
An <h3> tag should be placed inside a <p> tag.
false
An <option> tag must have a value attribute. True False
false
Browser fallbacks are only used to make new features work on old browsers. True False
false
Buttons always submit form data to a server. True False
false
Hyperlinks can only contain text. True False
false
If <h1> text appears too big, <h2> or <h3> tags should be used to decrease the text size.
false
Inline styles cannot be used with embedded stylesheets or external stylesheets. True False
false
Passwords from the password widget that are sent to the server using HTTP are safe from prying eyes. True False
false
The <br> tag has a closing tag. True False
false
The pool company would have to send a technician to the pool to change the control system settings.
false
The web browser will always create a new window for hyperlinks whose target attribute is _blank.
false
To copy the functionality of another webpage found on the web, a user can just copy the HTML from the view source page. True False
false
Viewing a webpage's source and viewing the browser's internal webpage representation always yields identical results. True False
false
Websites have either an IP address or a domain name, but not both.
false
With the introduction of IPv6, devices on the internet no longer use IPv4. (T or F)
false
Adding a fourth column called "Price" and ticket prices for each venue requires adding only a single set of <th> tags listing the prices. True False
false <th>Price</th> must be added to the first <tr>, and the prices must be added in each row. Ex: <td>$25</td>.
An inline style uses braces ({}). True False
false Braces are not allowed in the style attribute.
The audio element's audio can always be paused by the user. True False
false need controls attribute
Adding type="i" to the first <li> changes the list to i., ii., iii.
false type="i" must be added to the <ol> tag to affect the whole list, not the <li> tag
Changing the ordered list to an unordered list with type="A" changes the list to A., B., C.
false The type attribute works for <ol> but not for <ul>. Bullet styles for an unordered list can be changed with CSS.
A valid keyframe list must include the from and to keyframe selectors. True False
false, can be percents
The Euro symbol, €, can be written as &euro. True False
false, missing semicolon. (needs &, name, and ;)
Hyperlink used to refer to a document on the same computer as the web browser. (opens file)
file
Which tag creates a text box widget? <input> <text> <textarea>
first
Font used for the element's text.
font-family
Font size used for the element's text.
font-size
Which attribute inside the <label> tag is used to associate the label with a widget? id for name
for
A URL can point to a section, or ---- , of a document by adding a hash tag (#) and a fragment identifier at the end of the URL. Ex: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#History refers to the "History" section of the "Computer_science" page on Wikipedia.
fragment
Hyperlink used to transfer data files. (downloads)
ftp
Linkrot
general name for a once valid link that now returns a 404 status code.
The Internet of Things (abbreviated as IoT)
global collection of communicating devices that sense and control technology on behalf of humans.
The content in a hyperlink may be any valid HTML or text. A ----- or image link uses an image inside a hyperlink instead of text. Ex: The HTML below uses an image of a dog that links to the American Kennel Club.
graphical hyperlink
If-Modified-Since is used with
he Last-Modified date/time to request the web server only send the requested resource if the resource has changed since the specified date/time.
A --- provides a title for each section. Headings are bold by default and are visually separated from the other text by extra spacing. Heading tags exist for the first six levels of sections: <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, and <h6>.
heading
<p><em><span>text</span></em></p>
hihgjlighted text
Hyperlink used to send requests and responses over the Internet without encryption.
http
Where can the HTTP header field If-None-Match be found?
http request
Hyperlink used to send requests and responses that are readable only by the client and server.
https
Which scheme should a URL use to provide a secured HTTP connection to a web server? http https
https
An if-else statement executes a block of statements if the statement's condition is true, and executes another block of statements if the condition is false.
if-else statement
Most web servers by default serve the ---- file when a URL does not specify an explicit filename.
index.html
An HTML file starts with an
indication of the document type, then a head part with the page title and other page information, and finally a body part with the actual page content.
The style declarations from a parent element cascade down and are applied to any child elements, a concept called inheritance. Each element inherits the style declarations from the element's parent. The element's parent inherits style declarations from the parent's parent element, and so on up to the top-level <body> element.
inheritance
An ---- element fills the minimum space possible in the element's parent container and can only contain text or other inline elements. Ex: The <a> element is an inline element that creates a hyperlink container as big as the link's internal content; a hyperlink does not fill the width or height of the link's parent paragraph.
inline
display
inline - Displays the element as an inline element, like span or a elements. block - Displays the element as a block element, like p, h1, or div elements. none - Hides the element from being displayed, like style elements. inline-block - Displays the contents of the element as a block element, but formats the element as an inline element. list-item - Displays the contents of the element as a list item element
Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
international standards organization that traditionally has controlled a number of web standards, including HTML.
Today, the ____ is the largest and most popular computer network, spanning the entire globe
internet
JavaScript is executed by an --. An interpreter executes programming statements without first compiling the statements into machine language.
interpreter
A header field
is a keyword followed by a colon and a value. Header fields supply additional information about the request or response
URL is
is the location of a web resource on the web, such as http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm.
What URL does the browser request if the user submits "oranges" and "1.99" in the text boxes?
just normal url no extra
a
link
hyperlink
link, specifies where other information is located and what action the web browser should perform when a user clicks the hyperlink.
JPEG images use --- meaning that some of the original picture information is lost when compressed.
lossy compression,
Hyperlink used to send email.
mailto
Spacing around element (outside element's border).
margin
Which input element attribute limits the number of characters the user can type in a text box or password field? size maxlength
max
An HTTP request is a
message sent from the web browser to the web server. Often the request asks the web server to send back a web resource like an HTML file, image, CSS stylesheet, JavaScript file, or video.
HTML also permits adding ___ like search engine keywords, author information, and language.
metadata
The --- indicates the HTTP request type the browser will use to communicate with the server. The method is either GET or POST. GET is the default method if no method is specified.
method attribute
Allows selecting a month and year.
month
___ HTML elements have an opening and closing tag. Ex: <strong>always</strong> has an opening tag <strong> and closing tag </strong>.
most
Files can contain ___ links
multiple
The multiple selector, specified using a comma (,) to separate selectors, matches all listed elements to apply a style rule. Ex: The figure below shows two CSS examples that apply the same styles to <ol> and <ul> elements. The CSS on the left unnecessarily duplicates the styling declarations for <ol> and <ul> elements, whereas the CSS on the right uses a single style declaration using a multiple selector.
multiple selector,
The --- ensures user input is a valid number. The basic syntax for the number input is <input type="number">. The min and max attributes are commonly used with the number input.
number input
Allows the server to identify which data came from which widget.
name
domain name is a
name for an IP address, such as the name wikipedia.org
domain name is better than ip bc
name is easier to remember and type
Do web servers always generate ETags for all web resources?
no
Does a 304 response generally contain a message body?
no
Is www.nasa.gov a valid URL?
no
Should two elements in an HTML document have the same id attribute value? Yes No
no
does capitalization matter in domain name?
no
Which attribute must be set to create a text box widget? type no attribute name id
no attribute
<input type="checkbox" checked> Use quotes around attribute values Use double quotes No guideline violations
no guidline
A ----- is an inter-word character that permits treating the words on both sides to be one word. A --- , ‑, looks like a regular hyphen but acts like a normal character in the middle of a word. Ex: off‑campus displays "off‑campus" on the same line. A ---- , , looks like a single space but acts like a normal character in the middle of a word. Ex: 5 km displays "5 km" on the same line. The non-breaking space is also useful for displaying more than one space between words. Ex: Abe Lincoln displays "Abe Lincoln" with 3 spaces between Abe and Lincoln.
non-breaking character non-breaking hyphen non-breaking space
<a "https://cnn.com">CNN</a> Valid Not valid
not valid Missing href= before the URL.
Match all list items that are direct children of ordered lists.
ol > li
Match all list items that are descendants of ordered lists.
ol ul
get method steps
ollect all data from the form fields into a query string. The query string is a set of name=value pairs separated by the ampersand character (&). Each name is specified as an attribute of the HTML field, and the value is the user-entered data. Ex: The first and last field names and values in the animation below become the string: first=Rick&last=Deckard Create a URL with the server page and name=value pairs. The URL is composed of the action attribute specified in the form, the question mark character (?), and the query string. Ex: http://example.com/apply?first=Rick&last=Deckard Use the newly created URL to create and send an HTTP GET request. Display or update the webpage using the HTTP response received from the server.
An --- is a sequenced collection of items, usually indented and shown using numbers or letters, surrounded by the <ol> opening and closing tags.
ordered list
A second-level domain is commonly an
organization's name
Spacing between element's content and border.
padding
A --- is the basic unit of text in an HTML document. A paragraph is enclosed in HTML by the <p> opening and closing tags. Browsers visually separate paragraphs from other text with spacing above and below.
paragraph
A --- is the container in which another element resides.
parent container
The alt attribute is required.
pass html validation
A --- field is a widget for input elements with the type attribute of "password", which allows users to enter a password without the password contents being displayed on-screen. Web browsers usually provide facilities to remember passwords at various websites to help users.
password
An input --- is a widget that allows the user to interactively pick a choice using a popup or other guided selection method. The --- is an input picker that allows the user to enter a date or choose a date from a calendar popup.
picker date picker
Provides a hint to the user about the information being requested.
placeholder
A --- is a fallback using JavaScript code that makes certain HTML features (Ex: the date picker) work on browsers that do not natively support those features. Developers often use a JavaScript library such as Modernizr to detect which features the browser does not support, and then load one or more polyfills to provide fallback mechanisms for the non-supported features.
polyfill
Which request method is used by the browser to submit web form data to the web server?
post
Chrome's developer tools (DevTools) by
pressing Ctrl+Shift+I (Windows) or Command-Option-I (Mac). In the figure below, the Network tab shows the HTTP network traffic when accessing Wikipedia's article on World Wide Web. The first HTTP request is highlighted. All subsequent requests are for other resources used in the webpage.
A web browser is a
program that downloads an HTML document from a web server, displays the document to the user with the appropriate formatting, and allows the user to interact with the document, such as clicking hyperlinks to access other documents. short: A program for viewing webpages. (html)
A web server is a
program that serves webpages to web browsers.
JavaScript is a
programming language that runs in a browser, enabling webpages supporting actions like responding to a button click. JavaScript can be included in the HTML file's head or body parts.
HTTP is a
protocol for transferring HTML files among computers. Files can contain links to other files. STATELESS APPLICATION LAYER a networking protocol that runs over TCP/IP and governs communication between web browsers and web servers.
attribute
provides additional information about the tag and is included only in the opening tag.
The pseudo-class selector, specified with a colon character followed by a pseudo-class name, matches elements based on user behavior or element metainformation.
pseudo-class selector
The --- is a set of name=value pairs separated by the ampersand character (&). Each name is specified as an attribute of the HTML field, and the value is the user-entered data. Ex: The first and last field names and values in the animation below become the string: first=Rick&last=Deckard
query string
A --- is a widget for input elements with the type attribute of "radio", which allows users to select exactly one value from possibly many values. The web browser groups radio buttons together with the same name attribute, where each possible value in a group has an associated input. When submitting a form, the browser sends the selected radio button's name and value attribute. Ex: If the radio button <input type="radio" name="movie" value="ET"> is selected, "movie=ET" is sent to the server.
radio button
The ---- widget allows the user to select a value by dragging a sliding control along the length of a line. The basic syntax for the range input is <input type="range">. Three commonly used attributes for the range input are min, max, and value.
range input
A --- specifies the relative path to the web resource with no scheme or hostname. Ex: <a href="test.html">test</a> uses the relative URL test.html to refer to an HTML document on the same website and with the same path as the current HTML document.
relative URL
States that the input is required and must not be left empty.
required
what are the main dns servers called
root servers
An element
s a single HTML structure that is represented with HTML tags.
HTML files are usually .
saved with a .html or .htm file extension
What change is needed to move the details list to the right of each member's photo? Move each list before each photo. Put each photo and list into a table row. A list cannot be located next to an image.
second
What is the proper way to get the Members link to link to the Members section? <section> <section id="members"> <section id="#members">
second
Immediately after a top-level domain comes a
second-level domain
A --- is a collection of related content. Many documents can be organized into sections, with each section being wrapped in a <section> tag
section
A self-closing tag is an open tag that also closes by putting a forward slash at the end of the tag. Ex: <br />. Standard HTML does not require or promote using self-closing tags for void elements. Ex: Use <br> not <br />, and use <img ... > not <img ... />.
self closing
A network sniffer is
software that monitors network traffic and allows users to inspect HTTP requests and responses
markup is
special markings in the document that provide additional information about links, formatting, and images.
Start line
specifies the HTTP version being used. A request's start line includes a request type and path; a response's start line includes a status code and phrase.
Cache-Control is used to
specify a number of caching directives.
What <iframe> attribute indicates the URL of the webpage to display in the iframe? link src href
src
HTML is the
standard markup language for web documents The language used for a text file that describes a webpage.
Describes the visual presentation of structured documents.
style sheet
A CSS rule specifies
styling properties for specific HTML elements. CSS rules may be placed within <style> tags in the HTML file's head part. E
Third-level and further level domains refer to
sub-computer systems local to an organization cs.stanford.edu where the cs is for Stanford's Computer Science department.
Software, such as page readers, help users with vision or cognitive impairments.
supportive assistive tech
A --- is an HTML structure surrounded by the <table> opening and closing tags that allows data to be organized in rows and columns. A cell is a location in the table at a specific row and column.
table
An anchor --- attribute indicates how the browser should display the link when clicked. The _self attribute value is the default and indicates the browser will open the link in the same tab or window. The _blank attribute value indicates the browser will open the link in a new tab or window.
tag's target
Which file does the following URL access?http://www.weather.com/summer/temperatures.html
temperatures.html
Which tag creates a widget capable of holding multiple lines of text? <input> <text> <textarea>
text area
A ---- is an input element specified by <textarea> opening and closing tags that allows users to enter multiple lines of text. A <textarea> tag has optional rows and cols attributes to specify the initial size of the text area.
text area widget
A ---- widget is an input element with the type attribute of "text" that allows users to enter a single line of text.
text box
Hypertext is
text that has links to other text (and today to images, videos, and more).
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a
textual language for describing how a webpage is styled for visual presentation. CSS controls the look and layout of webpage content.
Web accessibility
the ability of users with disabilities to access and use a webpage with reasonable effort.
Separation of concerns is
the design principle of breaking up web content using distinct languages and documents that overlap as little as possible
An HTTP request method indicates
the desired action toperform on a resource
if a website is not found by a dns server it means
the domain name is not registered
What changes about the form data when enctype="multipart/form-data" is added to the <form> tag? Nothing changes since binary data is not submitted. Each name/value pair is separated into multiple parts. The form data is encrypted.
the form data is split into multiple parts instead of creating a single query string. The multipart/form-data is only necessary when submitting binary data with <input type="file">.
href attribute
the href attribute specifies the hyperlink's URL.
Cognitive computing
the use of artificial intelligence techniques and access to vast amounts of data to simulate human problem solving in complex situations with ambiguity, changing data, and even conflicting information.
A 404 means that the website was reached (the domain name is valid and the web server is working), but
the web server could not find the requested page, often due to a misspelling or out-of-date page link.
A browser redirect is when
the web server returns a 301 or 302 status code with a Location header indicating the URL the browser should load next.
What URL plays a YouTube video automatically? https://www.youtube.com/embed/g4hvUvBmoaA https://www.youtube.com/embed/g4hvUvBmoaA?autoplay=1 https://www.youtube.com/embed/g4hvUvBmoaA?autoplay=1&mute=1
third
What change is needed to list the members' information with uppercase Roman numerals? <ul type="I"> <ol type="i"> <ol type="I">
third
An HTTP response status code is a
three digit number that indicates the status of the requested resource.
URL shortening is a technique
to create shorter URLs that redirect to longer
table cell fromatting
tr td / td tr
A <fieldset> can group drop-down menus, buttons, and other widgets. True False
true
A drop-down menu only allows one option to be selected. True False
true
A fluid layout widens to fit the browser's width.
true
A polyfill is code that creates a browser fallback for a feature if the web browser does not support that feature. True False
true
A random website is more likely to have a visitor with low vision than a visitor who is totally blind.
true
A website should use an external stylesheet to create styles that apply to all webpages. True False
true
A zero spread-radius makes the shadow the same size as the box. True False
true
An inline style does not use a selector. True False
true
Having users enter dates, colors, email, and numbers using the specialized widgets is preferable when an appropriate widget is available. True False
true
If the box-shadow uses the value inset, then the shadow appears inside the box. True False
true
Multiple <source> tags can be used to specify different video formats. True False
true
Playing video uses significantly more network bandwidth than playing just audio. True False
true
Registration information is made publicly available from ICANN's
true
The <img> tag does not enclose content, so a closing <img> tag is not needed.
true
The <thead> open and closing tags can be added around the first table row to indicate the row is a table heading. True False
true
The AAC and MP3 formats are supported by nearly all web browsers. True False
true
The audio element can play audio as soon as the audio file has downloaded to the browser. True False
true
The default value for the target attribute is _self. True False
true
The embedded stylesheet from the animation above makes all paragraphs in the webpage orange. True False
true
The example above uses the float property to place two containers next to each other. True False
true
The mathematical forall symbol, ∀, can be written as ∀
true
The opening <li> tags should have corresponding closing </li> tags.
true
The size of the video displayed by a video element is configurable. True False
true
The target attribute can be used on image links. True False
true
The target attributes make the venue links open in a different window or tab. True False
true
span { font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; }
valid
img tags (atr, and src) can be in any order
true
JPEG and PNG images can display ---- (24-bit color), which is approximately 16 million different colors. GIF images are limited to only 256 colors (8-bit color), but GIF images can display animations, which are popular on social media.
true color
each country is assigned a unique ___ country code top-level domain
two lettern(.uk, ,.ru, ,.de(Germany))
Indicates which kind of widget is displayed by the browser.
type
An ---- is a collection of items, usually indented and shown using bullets, surrounded by the <ul> opening and closing tags. Each list item is surrounded by <li> opening and closing tags.
unordered list
more ex
url - For typing a URL tel - For typing a telephone number email - For typing an email address search - For typing search terms
PNG and GIF images ---, meaning no image quality is lost. Lossless compression works best when a large number of adjacent pixels are the same color.
use lossless compression
What does FTP do?
used to transfer files by logging into a computer with the files and typing commands to get the desired files BOOK: an early way for transferring files over the internet. Users used FTP programs to connect to servers, look at listings of available documents, and download documents of interest.
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
uses asymmetric public keys to encrypt data between the browser and web server.
<a href="course.html#Notes">Notes</a> Valid Invalid
valid
<a href="https://example.com/index.html#History">History</a> Valid Invalid
valid
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu7XCEMdSHg">News</a>
valid
Allows the input to start with a default value.
value
A -- is a named container that stores a value in memory. A variable declaration is a statement that declares a new variable with the keyword let followed by the variable name. Ex: let score declares a variable named score.
variable
A ---- is an element that only needs an opening tag. Other void elements include <img> for displaying an image and <input> for obtaining user input.
void element
if valid ip address, but web server not responding it means
web server being turned off or undergoing maintenance, or due to an essential router malfunctioning,
Allows selecting a week and year.
week
---- character is an unprinted character such as the spaces between words and lines of text. Browsers treat all sequences of whitespace as a single space between non-whitespace characters. E
whitespace
A --- is an interactive component (usually graphical) that the browser uses to interact with a user. Ex: Buttons, drop-down menus, and data entry fields.
widget
The ----- and ---- are optional <img> attributes that tell the browser how many pixels the image should occupy. Ex: <img src="logo.png" alt="Logo" width="200" height="100"> makes the logo.png image display in a rectangle that is 200 × 100 pixels. If the specified width and height are different from the image's actual size, the browser will resize the image for display.
width attribute height attribute
A --- is a blueprint, showing where the future content will be arrange
wireframe
A common third-or-deeper-level domain is
www, short for World Wide Web
Is the following a valid URL?https://www.nasa.gov/cubequest/details/#.VOaO_VPF9U9
yes
Is the following a valid URL?https://www.whitehouse.gov/ Yes No
yes