Week 1 - Health Promotion

A client has undergone a mastectomy for breast cancer. Which instruction should the nurse include in the postoperative client teaching plan?

Elevate the affected arm on a pillow. When providing care to the client, the nurse should instruct the client to elevate the affected arm on a pillow. As part of the respiratory care, the nurse should instruct the client to turn, cough, and breathe deeply every 2 hours; rapid breathing is not encouraged. Active range-of-motion and arm exercises are necessary. To counter any pain experienced by the client, analgesics are administered as needed; intake of medication is not restricted.

A client reporting heart palpitations is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation caused by mitral valve prolapse. To relieve the symptoms, the nurse should teach the client which dietary intervention?

Eliminate caffeine and alcohol To minimize symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid caffeine and alcohol. The nurse encourages the client to read product labels, particularly on over-the-counter products such as cough medicine, because these products may contain alcohol, caffeine, ephedrine, and adrenaline, which may produce arrhythmias and other symptoms. The nurse also explores possible diet, activity, sleep, and other lifestyle factors that may correlate with symptoms.

A group of at-risk teenagers have successfully completed an outdoor training program in which they had to collaborate and conquer a number of challenges. The nurse should identify what likely outcome of this program?

Enhanced resilience for the participants Facing and conquering challenges increases self-worth, self-efficacy, and resilience. This type of activity is unlikely to have a direct effect on participants' risks of somatic symptom disorders or personality disorders, which have complex etiologies. Participants' coping is likely to be enhanced, but hyperarousal is associated with poor coping and low resilience.

A nurse is discussing sleep hygiene with a client who reports having chronic insomnia. Which are appropriate recommendations? Select all that apply.

Establish a regular wakeup time. Maintain a quiet sleep environment that is neither too cold nor too hot. Avoid caffeinated beverages. Sleep hygiene refers to a set of rules and information about personal and environmental activities that affect sleep. These rules include establishing a regular wakeup time to help set the circadian clock and regularity of sleep onset, maintaining a practice of sleeping only as long as needed to feel refreshed, providing a quiet environment that is neither too hot nor too cold, and avoiding the use of alcohol and caffeine before going to bed.

An experienced nurse has just read that women have a one-in-three lifetime risk of developing cancer and becomes concerned that she has provided enough education. What should this nurse do to help prevent deaths from cancer? Select all that apply.

Focus on screening. Provide education to all women. Tell women about early symptoms. Women do have a one-in-three lifetime risk of developing cancer, and one out of every four deaths is from cancer. Therefore, nurses must focus on screening and educating all women regardless of risk factors. The other options are not acceptable.

Which type of graft is used when a heart valve replacement is made of tissue from an animal heart valve?

Heterograft Heterograft, also called bioprosthesis, refers to replacement of tissue from animal tissue, usually pigs but also cows or horses. An autograft is a heart valve replacement made from the client's own heart valve. Allograft refers to replacement using human tissue and is a synonym for homograft.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client diagnosed with hyperlipidemia 6 months ago. Which results indicate that the client has been following a therapeutic regimen?

High density lipoproteins (HDL) increase from 25 mg/dl to 40 mg/dl. The goal of treating hyperlipidemia is to decrease total cholesterol and LDL levels while increasing HDL levels. HDL levels should be greater than 35 mg/dl. This client's increased HDL levels indicate that a therapeutic regimen has been followed. Recommended total cholesterol levels are below 200 mg/dl. LDL levels should be less than 160 mg/dl, or, in clients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) or diabetes mellitus, less than 70 mg/dl. Triglyceride levels should be between 100 and 200 mg/d.

A nurse is caring for a client after cardiac surgery. Upon assessment, the client appears restless and reports nausea and weakness. The client's ECG reveals peaked T waves. The nurse reviews the client's serum electrolytes, anticipating which abnormality?

Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is indicated by mental confusion, restlessness, nausea, weakness, and dysrhythmias (tall, peaked T waves). Hypercalcemia would likely be demonstrated by asystole. Hypomagnesemia would likely be demonstrated by hypotension, lethargy, and vasodilation. Hyponatremia would likely be indicated by weakness, fatigue, and confusion, without changes in T-wave formation.

Which is the most important postoperative assessment parameter for a client recovering from cardiac surgery?

Inadequate tissue perfusion The nurse must assess the client for signs and symptoms of inadequate tissue perfusion, such as a weak or absent pulse, cold or cyanotic extremities, or mottling of the skin. Although the nurse does assess blood glucose and mental status, tissue perfusion is the higher priority. Assessing for activity intolerance, while important later in the recovery period, is not essential in the immediate postoperative period for clients undergoing cardiac surgery.

People with emphysema often have a difficult time with air trapping, which is air left in the lungs following expiration, often due to the destruction of the alveoli. Pulmonary rehabilitation educates people who suffer from this disease to use which muscles to help air leave the lungs more effectively?

Intercostal and abdominal muscles Air trapping in clients with emphysema occurs due to the loss of elasticity of the alveoli and interferes with the intake of air and gas exchange. The goal of pulmonary rehabilitation in relation to air trapping is to increase a client's ability to exhale. The use of the internal intercostal muscles constrict the rib cage, causing a decrease in the thoracic volume, and the abdominal muscles force the abdomen to push up against the diaphragm moving it upward toward the thorax.

A 56-year-old client who suffers from seasonal affective disorder is being assessed by the nurse in an outpatient mental health clinic. The nurse is aware which treatment is the most effective type of treatment for this condition?

Light therapy Phototherapy has proven effective for clients with symptoms of depression associated with a seasonal pattern. This condition, called seasonal affective disorder, may be related to lack of light and decreased melatonin production.

Which type of insulin acts most quickly?

Lispro The onset of action of rapid-acting lispro is within 10 to 15 minutes. The onset of action of short-acting regular insulin is 30 minutes to 1 hour. The onset of action of intermediate-acting NPH insulin is 3 to 4 hours. The onset of action of very long-acting glargine is ~6 hours.

Which factor is a leading health indicator used to measure the health of the nation?

Overweight and obesity Leading health indicators used to measure the health of the nation include overweight and obesity, physical activity, and mental health. Intelligence, cultural awareness, and religion are not leading health indicators.

The nurse is giving an educational presentation to the local Le Leche league chapter. One woman asks about risk factors for mastitis. Which condition would the nurse most likely include in the response?

Pierced nipple Certain risk factors contribute to the development of mastitis. These include inadequate or incomplete breast emptying during feeding or lack of frequent feeding leading to milk stasis; engorgement; clogged milk ducts; cracked or bleeding nipples; nipple piercing; and use of plastic-backed breast pads.

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?

Primary Primary health promotion and illness prevention is directed toward promoting good health and preventing the development of disease process or injury. Primary-level activities include immunization clinics, providing poison-control information, and education about seat belt and child-safety seat use. Secondary-level activities include screening programs and early identification of disease. Tertiary-level prevention is concerned with returning the client to the optimal function after diagnosis. Medical is not a level of health promotion or illness prevention.

To ensure ethical nursing care when dealing with genetic and genomic information, which principle would the nurse integrate as the foundation for all nursing care?

Respect for people Although fidelity, veracity, and justice are ethical principles that may be involved with ethical issues surrounding genetic and genomic information, respect for people is the ethical principle underlying all nursing care.

The nurse is conducting a community health promotion class and has developed scenarios that will involve active participation by the class attendees. What type of education strategy is the nurse incorporating into this class?

Role-playing Role-playing allows the learner to experience, relive, or anticipate an event. The nurse explains the scenario and then allows the individual to play out the scene. Role modeling involves a nurse's behaviors and the client observing and learning from these behaviors. Programmed instruction incorporates the use of books as the instructor, independent of study with a teacher. A panel discussion involves a presentation of information by two or more people.

When performing health education regarding hygiene, the nurse should advise female clients to avoid the use of which products/activities? Select all that apply.

Routine douching Vaginal deodorants Douching has also been linked to vaginal irritation, bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Deodorants to control odor around the vaginal orifice are unnecessary. There is no need to avoid the use of tampons, soap, and unscented sanitary napkins unless the client has a specific contraindication.

The nurse is instructing a group of women of childbearing age about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy. What would be a priority recommendation in this setting?

Screening for HIV No screening mandate has been put forth for HIV, but all pregnant women should be encouraged to undergo this test. Prophylactic treatment would be initiated only once the woman has been screened. Screening for STIs and ensuring proper nutrition are also part of health promotion for women in this age group, but they are of lower priority than identifying HIV-positive individuals.

With repeated reactions of contact dermatitis, which of the following can occur?

Secondary bacterial infection If repeated reactions occur, or if the patient continually scratches the skin, lichenification (thickening of the horny layer of the skin) and pigmentation occur. Secondary bacterial invasion may follow. During shingles, there will be pain along the sensory nerve. Sepsis and hemorrhage would not occur from repeated bouts of contact dermatitis.

A public health nurse is participating in a health fair that is being held at a local community center. The nurse should encourage adult participants to completely eliminate which of the following from their diet and lifestyle?

Smoking Alcohol, salt, and cholesterol all have the potential to cause harm when used in excess. However, moderate and conscientious intake of each is not unhealthy, and complete elimination of cholesterol or salt from the diet would in fact be harmful. Smoking, however, is never a benign activity and even "moderate" smoking should be discontinued.

Which is a modifiable risk factor for transient ischemic attacks and ischemic strokes?

Smoking Modifiable risk factors for TIAs and ischemic stroke include hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Advanced age, gender, and race are nonmodifiable risk factors for stroke.

A client is undergoing thoracic surgery. What priority education should the nurse provide to assist in preventing respiratory complications?

Splint the incision site using a pillow during deep breathing and coughing exercises. Splinting the incision site will help decrease pain and support the incision. This will increase compliance with the deep breathing and coughing exercises that assist in preventing respiratory complications. Pain medication should be taken regularly, not only before deep breathing and coughing exercises. Deep breathing and coughing exercises should be done at least every 2 hours, more frequently if possible. While some clients will find the exercises relaxing, most clients find it painful to complete them.

A small amount of breast milk is obtained for culture and sensitivity testing from a client with mastitis. The nurse would expect the results to identify which organism as the most likely cause?

Staphylococcus aureus The most common causative microorganism associated with mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection. Streptococcus is commonly associated with strep throat. E. coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections.

A client with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) states making a concerted effort to reduce the frequency and duration of rituals. What intervention should the nurse include to assist in these efforts?

Teach the client nonpharmacologic relaxation techniques Reducing the frequency of rituals for a person with OCD causes anxiety. Clients consequently benefit from learning techniques that can reduce their stress in a healthy way. Mood stabilizers are not typically used in the treatment of OCD, and nurses do not normally facilitate the performance of rituals. The client is likely aware of the negative consequences of obsessions and rituals, as evidence by efforts to eliminate them.

Which actions are examples of an RN participating in illness prevention for a client with hypertension? Select all that apply.

Teaching lifestyle modifications Providing literature on heart-healthy diets Performing risk screenings for hypertension Nurses prevent illness primarily by teaching and by personal example. Such activities include the following: educational programs in areas such as prenatal care for pregnant women, smoking-cessation programs, and stress-reduction seminars; community programs and resources that encourage healthy lifestyles, such as aerobic exercise classes, "swimnastics," and physical fitness programs; literature, television, radio, or Internet information on a healthy diet, regular exercise, and the importance of good health habits; health assessments in institutions, clinics, and community settings that identify areas of strength and risks for illness. Reporting a low blood pressure reading to the physician and administering ordered medications are not considered illness prevention measures.

A nurse is working with a 40-year-old pregnant woman. The physician has recommended karyotyping for this client. How should the nurse best explain what this test examines?

This is a test that examines your baby's chromosomes for any abnormalities. While it is true that chromosomal abnormalities increase with age, this does not tell the client what the test examines. Karyotyping involves a process by which chromosomes are photographed—the completed picture is called a karyotype—and this would be performed on the fetus's sample since the disorders associated with maternal age are not inherited but often occur due to nondisjunction. This test does not examine the mother's DNA or screen for specific proteins.

The father of a child hospitalized after a fire questions the use of therapeutic play. He reports he does not understand the purpose. What information can be provided to him?

This type of play gives the child an outlet to deal with stress. Therapeutic play is a type of play that provides an emotional outlet or improves the child's ability to cope with the stress of illness and hospitalization.

For which reason would a nurse ask an adolescent client with conduct disorder to maintain a diary?

To help identify feelings. Clients with conduct disorder are tough on the exterior but have difficulty expressing their feelings and emotions. Keeping a diary can be very useful to help these clients to identify and express their emotions and feelings. Keeping a diary would not improve problem solving or teach socially acceptable behavior. It also does not reduce the chances of an angry outburst. The nurse should teach problem-solving skills, continually involve the client in age-appropriate discussions, and use techniques such as time-out to address these challenges.

A community health nurse is actively involved in various community projects. The nurse is providing a secondary prevention activity by organizing which event?

a skin cancer screening fair Secondary prevention measures are those taken to screen for diseases (such as skin cancer screening), delayed development according to criteria, or use of medication. Primary prevention involves health promotion activities to prevent the development of illness or injury. This level of prevention includes giving information which could include teaching older adults how to use the internet to find reliable information concerning various diseases, or providing STI education to prevent the spread of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes health promotion activities that focus on rehabilitation and that provide information to prevent further injury or illness, such as teaching a client how to properly apply a colostomy device.

A hospitalized client who is 26 weeks' pregnant has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. She is overweight and doesn't understand the diet that the healthcare provider has prescribed. To help the client understand the diet, the nurse would teach the client to choose what food types for a typical meal?

brown rice, spinach, pork tenderloin The client with gestational diabetes needs a balanced diet that consists of lean meat such as pork tenderloin, whole grains such as brown rice, and other options with increased fiber such as sweet potatoes (not white potatoes). The client should choose green leafy vegetables over starchy vegetables. Fruits should be chosen that have low sugar content. A typical meal example could consist of grilled chicken breast, salad, and green beans. Meals with multiple carbohydrates, such as those containing both potatoes and corn or both sweet potato and peas, should be avoided. The nurse can help this client by creating a meal plan.

Which safety tip could the nurse give to parents to help decrease the risk of the leading cause of injury or death in children 1 to 4 years of age?

"Always provide close supervision for young children when they are in or around pools and bathtubs." The leading cause of injury and death in children 1 to 4 years of age is drowning. Therefore, providing close supervision when children are in or around tubs and pools will help decrease and/or prevent this injury.

An obese client is in the clinic to start on a weight loss plan. The client loves to eat. The client's favorite food is hamburgers. The client does not like to exercise. The nurse creates a nursing diagnosis of ineffective health maintenance to include in the plan of care. What is the most appropriate outcome for this nursing diagnosis for the client? The client will:

create an exercise plan that is realistic and valued. Outcomes should be realistic and valued by the client and family. If this client creates an exercise plan that the client values and is realistic, then the client will be more likely to meet the outcome. Exercising every day, only eating three meals per day, or excluding meat from the diet may not be realistic or valued by the client who openly acknowledges liking to eat and does not like to exercise.

The parents of a 14-year-old girl report that she spends a lot of time on the Internet. Which question would the nurse ask the parents to assess the child's psychosocial development?

"Does she do her homework and have fun with her peers?" It helps to determine if the child is neglecting responsibilities or other forms of personal interaction. After deciding that issue, the parents should determine what will be reasonable limits for the child's use of the Internet. Having the computer in a family area is better than putting it in her room, and warning her about protecting her identity is a critical safety issue.

Which statement from a group of young adults demonstrates the need for further teaching related to HIV and prevention of the spread of HIV?

"Having oral sex is one way I can prevent passing on HIV to my partner." Sexual contact is the most frequent mode of HIV transmission. There is a risk of transmitting HIV when semen or vaginal fluids come in contact with a part of the body that lets them enter the bloodstream. This can include the vaginal mucosa, anal mucosa, and wounds or sores on the skin. Condoms are highly effective in preventing the transmission of HIV. Unprotected sex between men is still the main mode of transmission. During the window period, a person's HIV antibody test result will be negative, but he or she can still transmit the virus.

A nurse is educating the parents how to administer daily oral medication to their 5-year-old boy. Which response indicates a need for further teaching?

"He needs to take his medicine or he will lose a privilege." The nurse should emphasize that the parents should never threaten the child in order to make him take his medication. It is more appropriate to develop a cooperative approach that will elicit the child's cooperation since he needs ongoing, daily medication. The other statements are correct.

A 64-year-old man was diagnosed 19 months ago with bilateral osteoarthritis (OA) in his knees, and has come to his family physician for a checkup. The client and his physician are discussing the effects of his health problem and the measures that the man has taken to accommodate and treat his OA in his daily routines. Which statement by the client would necessitate further teaching?

"I've been avoiding painkillers because I know they can mask damage that I might be inflicting on my knees." Analgesics are a common and appropriate treatment for OA, and it would be unnecessary and inappropriate to forego pain control in order to maximize pain signals from affected joints. Weight loss, the use of assistive devices, and muscle-strengthening exercises are appropriate treatments for OA.

The nurse is discussing acne vulgaris with a group of adolescents. The teenagers make the following statements regarding the topic. Which statement is the most accurate regarding acne vulgaris?

"Sometimes I get acne when I use my sister's makeup." Irritation and irritating substances, such as vigorous scrubbing and cosmetics with a greasy base, can cause acne vulgaris. Increased hormone levels, hereditary factors, and anaerobic bacteria can cause acne vulgaris as well. Eating chocolate and fatty foods does not cause acne, but a well-balanced, nutritious diet does promote healing.

A client returns to the postnatal ward with her 3-week-old infant. Which statement by the client would prompt the nurse to evaluate the infant for inadequate intake?

"The baby does not exhibit a steady weight gain." Newborns differ in their feeding needs and preferences. Most breastfed babies need to be fed every 2-3 hours, nursing for 10-20 minutes on each breast. Formula-fed babies usually feed every 3-4 hours, finishing a bottle in 30 minutes or less. Weight gain is the best measure of the infant receiving adequate nutrition. If the newborn seems satisfied, wets 6-10 diapers per day, produces several stools a day, sleeps well, and is gaining weight regularly, then the baby is receiving adequate fluid intake and nutrition. Newborns swallow air during feeding, which can cause fussiness and discomfort. They should be burped several times throughout the feeding. The amount of burping does not relate to weight gain.

A pregnant client asks the nurse for information on breastfeeding. What type of nursing diagnosis should the nurse formulate?

A health promotion nursing diagnosis The client is seeking information related to healthy practices. Health promotion nursing diagnoses are formulated to assist the client to meet that need. The client has no health problem, risk of a health problem, or possible problem, so a problem-focused, risk, or possible nursing diagnosis would be inappropriate.

The nurse is teaching health promotion related to HIV-infection prevention. What should be discussed in the teaching? Select all that apply.

Abstinence and long-term mutual monogamous sexual relationship between two uninfected people as the best ways to prevent HIV infection The use of latex condoms with water-based lubricant The use of household bleach mixture to disinfect syringes used by illicit drug users Routine screening of all people between the ages of 13 and 64 Because there is no cure for HIV infection or AIDS, adopting risk-free or low-risk behavior is the best protection against the disease. Abstinence and long-term, mutually monogamous sexual relationships between two uninfected partners are the best ways to avoid HIV infection. Correct and consistent use of latex condoms can provide protection. Only water-base lubricants should be used with condoms. People who choose to inject drugs should use a sterile syringe for each injection or, if this is not possible, clean their syringes with a household bleach mixture. The CDC recommends that all people between 13 and 64 years of age should be routinely screened for HIV.

What is the process by which members of a cultural group adapt to or learn how to take on the behaviors of another group?

Acculturation Acculturation is the process by which members of cultural group adapt to or learn how to take on the behaviors of another group. Cultural blindness is the inability of people to recognize their own values, beliefs, and practices and those of others because of strong ethnocentric tendencies. Cultural imposition is the tendency to impose one's cultural beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior on a person or people from a different culture. Cultural taboos are activities or behaviors that are avoided, forbidden, or prohibited by a particular cultural group.

The nurse is teaching a group of adolescent youths about HIV transmission. The nurse states that HIV can be transmitted through which mechanisms?

Blood Semen HIV is transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact, or perinatally. HIV infection is not transmitted through casual contact or by insect vectors.

Which statement is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented. A misconception regarding chronic disease is that chronic illnesses cannot be prevented. Almost half of chronic disease-related deaths occur prematurely in people younger than 70 years of age. Chronic illness typically does not result in sudden death. The major cause of chronic disease is known.

In prenatal classes, the nurse teaches pregnant clients to use meditation during labor contractions to ease the pain. Which elements of meditation are important for the nurse to emphasize? Select all that apply.

Comfortable position Quiet environment Focus of attention There are four elements common to most types of meditation: comfortable position, quiet environment, focus of attention, and open attitude. Closed attitude and massaging abdomen are not elements of meditation.

What recommendations should be included in client teaching as a means of avoiding constipation? (Select all that apply.)

Drink plenty of fluids. Be active and exercise daily. Eat foods high in bulk or roughage. Measures to prevent constipation include: drink plenty of fluids, get exercise, and eat foods high in bulk or roughage. Opioid medications can cause constipation and are therefore not a means of prevention. Avoiding the need to defecate when the urge occurs can lead to constipation.

The nurse encourages a woman with gestational diabetes to maintain an active exercise period during pregnancy. Prior to this exercise period, the nurse would advise her to take which action?

Eat a sustaining-carbohydrate snack. Because exercise uses up glucose, women with diabetes should take a sustaining-carbohydrate snack before hard exercise to prevent hypoglycemia.

Which action is a nursing intervention that facilitates lifespan care?

Educate family members about normal growth and development patterns. Knowledge of normal growth and development is essential for family members to promote their own health and welfare throughout the lifespan, and to facilitate family functioning. Childbearing care includes interventions to assist in understanding and coping with psychological and physiologic changes during the childbearing period. Coping assistance includes interventions to assist the client in building on his or her strengths, to adapt to a change in function, or to achieve a higher level of function. Risk management includes interventions to initiate risk reduction activities.

A client is being treated for hyperuricemia. Part of the treatment strategy is for the client to avoid contributing factors whenever possible. Which activities might bring on an acute attack?

eating organ meats and sardines During an acute attack, high-purine foods are avoided, including organ meats, gravies, meat extracts, anchovies, herring, mackerel, sardines, and scallops. The other listed factors do not worsen attacks.

A client who has been burned significantly is taken by air ambulance to the burn unit. What physiologic process furthers a burn injury?

inflammatory The initial burn injury is further extended by inflammatory processes that affect layers of tissue below the initial surface injury.

Each chamber of the heart has a particular role in maintaining cellular oxygenation. Which chamber is responsible for pumping blood to all the cells and tissues of the body?

left ventricle The left ventricle pumps blood to all the cells and tissues of the body. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the venous system.

A postmenopausal client wishes to increase the amount of vitamin D that she consumes to help keep her bones strong. Which food will the nurse recommend?

milk Milk contains vitamin D, which helps with the absorption of calcium and phosphorous. The other choices do not.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in?

overweight A client with a BMI below 18.5 should be considered underweight. A client with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered to be at a healthy weight. A client with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight; a client with a BMI of 30 or greater indicates obesity. A BMI greater than 40 is considered extreme obesity.

A 24-year-old client presents in labor. The nurse notes there is an order to administer Rho(D) immune globulin after the birth of her infant. When asked by the client the reason for this injection, which reason should the nurse point out?

prevent maternal D antibody formation. Because Rho(D) immune globulin contains passive antibodies, the solution will prevent the woman from forming long-lasting antibodies which may harm a future fetus. The administration of Rho(D) immune globulin does not promote the formation of maternal D antibodies; it does not stimulate maternal D immune antigens or prevent fetal Rh blood formation.

The nurse is teaching a group of high school students about risk-taking behaviors. Which topic would be considered an example of healthy behaviors?

preventative vaccinations Preventative vaccinations are not associated with a risk-taking behavior. Vaccinations are used as vehicles to prevent communicable diseases rather than living dangerously. The other choices are all associated with risk-taking behaviors: smoking, drinking, and motor vehicle accidents. These are especially important to discuss with young adults.

A client with a family history of coronary artery disease reports experiencing chest pain and palpitations during and after morning jogs. What would reduce the client's cardiac risk?

smoking cessation The first line of defense for clients with CAD is lifestyle changes including smoking cessation, weight loss, stress management, and exercise. Clients with CAD should eat a balanced diet. Clients with CAD should exercise, as tolerated, to maintain a healthy weight. Antioxidant supplements, such as those containing vitamin E, beta carotene, and selenium, are not recommended because clinical trials have failed to confirm beneficial effects from their use.