Week 1: prepU Chapter 3
weight
Clark's Rule uses the child's ___ to calculate the dose and assumes the adult dose is based on a 150-pound person.
adult dose
Clark's rule requires knowledge of the child's weight in pounds, and the average ___.
expected outcomes
Evaluation is the last phase of the nursing process that involves determining the effectiveness of the nursing interventions in meeting the ___.
5
1 tsp = ___ mL
weight, age
A child's dosage is based on ___ and ___ and will change with age as they grow.
body surface area
A child's height in centimeters is used to determine ___.
2
A client with Paget disease who weighs 110 lbs is prescribed 8 mg/kg PO of etidronate disodium. The nurse should administer how many 200 mg tablets?
therapeutic
Because the nurse has the greatest direct and continued contact with the client, the nurse is in the best position to detect minute changes that ultimately determine the course of drug therapy—___ success or discontinuation because of adverse or unacceptable responses. This is especially true in a high-acuity environment.
objective
Blood sugars within normal ranges right after a fingerstick is ___ data.
whole, mixed
Both numbers must be changed to improper fractions to multiply a ___ number and a ___ number.
crushed
Check to determine whether the drug can be ___ or mixed with food.
swallowing
Clients with physical problems making ___ difficult would not be aided by drinking more water.
quality
Drug effects on ___ of life should be considered in designing a drug therapy regimen.
individualized
Drug therapy should be ___.
cool, dry
Drugs should be stored in a ___, ___ place.
trivial
Drugs usually should not be prescribed for ___ problems or problems for which nondrug measures are effective.
absorb
Extended-release medications should never be opened and the powder contained in that medication mixed with water for administration via gastrostomy tube because it will cause the client to ___ the total dosage of medication too quickly.
National Patient Safety Standards
Facilities accredited by the Joint Commission are required to be in compliance with the ___.
dose
Infants can safely receive medication, but caution must be exercised with regard to ___.
relationship
he nurse must first develop a ___ with the client.
water
Even healthy clients who have trouble swallowing are often not helped by drinking more ___.
benefits
Expected ___ should outweigh potential adverse effects.
1
Fried's Rule applies to a child younger than ___ year of age and assumes than an adult dose would be appropriate for a child who is 12.5 years (150 months) old.
months
Fried's rule requires that the infant's age in ___ be known.
human body
Many variables influence a drug's effects on the ___.
multiply
Mixed numbers are changed to improper fractions and then multiplied to ___ mixed numbers.
crushed, chewed
Not all drugs can be ___, ___, or cut.
diagnosis
Once assessment occurs, ___, planning and implementation occur.
invasive
Parenteral administration is ___ and should be avoided if there are other options.
overdosing
Parents should read all labels before giving a child a drug, especially over-the-counter products because many of these may contain the same ingredients, thereby accidentally ___ the child.
improvement
Quality-of-life issues are also being emphasized in research studies, with expectations of measurable ___ because of drug therapy.
break down faster
Storage in the bathroom, which is hot and humid, may cause drugs to ___.
height, weight
Surface area calculation of a child's dose is determined with the use of a nomogram including the child's ___ and ___.
Assessment
___ is the first phase of the nursing process and involves the collection of subjective and objective data from the client or client's family.
Implementation
___ is the phase that follows planning.
Liquid
___ medications should be measured with appropriate measuring devices such as a measured dosing device or spoon from a measuring set.
Adult
___ medications should never be used to treat a child.
1000
1 gram = ___ milligrams
1000
1 kilogram = ___ grams
1000
1 milligram = ___ micrograms
10 mL
A client has not had a bowel movement for four days and has been prescribed milk of magnesia 2 teaspoons orally as needed for relief of constipation. How many mL should the nurse administer?
Right documentation
A client refuses a PRN medication; the nurse documents the reason for the refusal on the back of the medication administration record and disposes of the medication according to facility policy. By documenting the client's refusal and reason for declining the medication, the nurse is adhering to which of the "rights" for medication administration?
solids
A dram is a measure of ___ in the apothecary system.
pounds
A group of students are practicing pediatric dosage calculation using Clark's rule. Which information would the students need? Child's weight in ___.
metric
A nurse articulates that which measurement system used in medicine?
150
A nurse calculates the pediatric client's medication dosage using Clark's rule and uses what formula? weight of child in pounds/___ pounds times the average adult dose
1 , 5
A nurse must give two ophthalmic medications to the same client. What step should the nurse take? Wait ___-___ minutes after administering the first drug before delivering the second.
dose, strength
Errors most commonly occur because of a failure to administer a drug that has been prescribed, administration of the wrong ___ or ___ of a drug, or administration of a drug at the wrong time.
diagnosis
A nursing ___ is formed once a problem has been identified.
inpatient
Adherence is not a primary concern in this ___ setting.
annually
After teaching a group of nursing students about the Joint Commission and National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG), the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies that the NPSG is updated at which frequency?
medications
After teaching the parents of a child who is receiving drug therapy, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching? "We can use the same ___ that we use for similar problems in our child, but we might need to adjust the dosage."
planning
After the formulation of nursing diagnoses, which phase of the nursing process would occur next?
insulin, heparin
Although errors can occur with any drug, two drugs often associated with errors are ___ and ___.
0.2 U/mL
An adolescent is admitted to the ICU in diabetic ketoacidosis. The health care provider orders a continuous insulin infusion of 100U NPH insulin in 500 mL normal saline. What is the concentration of the infusion?
data
Assessment involves ___ collection.
plan
Assessment is essential for outcome and ___ development.
grow
Children's dosages will change with time as they ___.
apothecary
Grain is a measure of solids in the ___ system.
solids
Gram is a measure of ___ in the metric system.
list
Health care providers do not always know what a child is taking, so parents need to keep a ___ of all medications given to a child, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medicines.
1 , 5
If two or more eye drops are scheduled at the same time,the nurse should wait ___-___ minutes between instillations.
gram
In the metric system the unit of weight is the ___.
education
It would be inappropriate and ineffective to perform ___ while the client's health is acutely unstable.
wait
It would not be appropriate to ask the client to ___ for administration of a pain medication.
potassium chloride
Labeling of medications that can be fatal has helped with medication errors such as that with ___, usually given p.o. can be administered IV and can be fatal if the wrong dose is given.
toxic
Larger than directed dosages can result in ___ effects of this medication.
liquid
Liter is a measure of ___ in the metric system.
National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG)
The Joint Commissions updates the ___ on a yearly basis.
discontinuation
The benefit of the therapy must be weighed against the drug's adverse or side effects in order to make a decision regarding the ___ of the therapy.
redundancy
The best method of error detection is the manual ___ system in which each person in the process of medication prescription and delivery checks the medication dosage for accuracy.
organs
The body ___ and systems of children are very different from those of an adult.
Assessing
The client has a daily antihypertensive medication ordered. Taking the blood pressure prior to administration of the medication is which step of the nursing process?
administration
The client requests an oral pain medication. The nurse notes that the client is NPO in preparation for laboratory tests. What is the nurse's best response to this client? "I will contact your health care provider and ask for an order for a different method of drug ___."
list
The client should keep a ___ of all drugs taken, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal preparations.
effectiveness
The client should know and follow the directions for taking the drug to ensure the maximum ___.
report
The client should understand what each drug is being used to treat to ensure a better understanding of what to ___, what to watch for, and when to report signs.
83 gtts/minute
The health care provider orders a client to receive 1000 mL of intravenous fluid over the next 12 hours. The intravenous delivery system is a microdrip system. The nurse would set the infusion to run at which rate?
elimination
The liver and the kidneys are associated with the ___ of medications.
medicine
The metric system is the most commonly used system of measurement in ___.
small intestine
The nurse assesses the function of what organ to evaluate the client's ability to effectively absorb medications prescribed in tablet and capsule forms? the upper ___.
treatment
The nurse in the intensive care unit is providing care for a client who was just admitted with multiple trauma. What action should the nurse prioritize with relation to drug therapy? Monitor the client's response to ___ closely.
formulation
The nurse is preparing to administer medications via a client's gastrostomy tube. The health care provider has ordered an extended-release medication. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? Call the health care provider and ask for an order for a different ___ of the medication.
2
The nurse is required to administer 4 mL of an intramuscular (IM) injection to the client. Which action would be most appropriate? Divide the drug and give it as ___ separate injections.
chest
The nurse is teaching a client about the drug therapy regimen before being discharged. The nurse is emphasizing safety in the home setting. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching? "I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine ___."
order
The nurse must have a health care provider's ___ to change the method of administration of a medication.
Collect data
The nurse understands that an admission assessment is completed to accomplish what goal?
Assessment
The nurse visiting with the client states to the client and family, "The finger stick blood sugar just taken is within normal range." This statement would be found in what phase of the nursing process?
flatware
The parents should never use a ___ teaspoon or tablespoon to measure a child's drugs.
documentation
The sixth "right" is ___.
absorption
The small intestine is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for ___ of drugs into the bloodstream.
stomach
The small intestine is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of drugs into the bloodstream. Such medications begin dissolving in the ___.
divided
The whole number is first changed to a fraction when a mixed number is ___ by a fraction.
inverted, multiplied
What is the procedure for dividing fractions? The second fraction is ___ and the fractions are ___.
5, 3
Which best describes the manual redundancy system used to reduce potential error in medication administration by a nurse? It is a process using the ___ rights and ___ checks.
discontinue
Which statement represents an action that would interfere with providing effective drug therapy? Any adverse reaction is a cause to ___ a therapy regimen.
1, 12
Young's Rule applies to children ___-___ years of age.
Evaluation
___ is part of the nursing process looking at multiple data history and findings.
Implementation
___ is the carrying out of a plan of action and is a natural outgrowth of the assessment and planning phases of the nursing process.