Week 1: prepU Chapter 3

weight

Clark's Rule uses the child's ___ to calculate the dose and assumes the adult dose is based on a 150-pound person.

adult dose

Clark's rule requires knowledge of the child's weight in pounds, and the average ___.

expected outcomes

Evaluation is the last phase of the nursing process that involves determining the effectiveness of the nursing interventions in meeting the ___.

5

1 tsp = ___ mL

weight, age

A child's dosage is based on ___ and ___ and will change with age as they grow.

body surface area

A child's height in centimeters is used to determine ___.

2

A client with Paget disease who weighs 110 lbs is prescribed 8 mg/kg PO of etidronate disodium. The nurse should administer how many 200 mg tablets?

therapeutic

Because the nurse has the greatest direct and continued contact with the client, the nurse is in the best position to detect minute changes that ultimately determine the course of drug therapy—___ success or discontinuation because of adverse or unacceptable responses. This is especially true in a high-acuity environment.

objective

Blood sugars within normal ranges right after a fingerstick is ___ data.

whole, mixed

Both numbers must be changed to improper fractions to multiply a ___ number and a ___ number.

crushed

Check to determine whether the drug can be ___ or mixed with food.

swallowing

Clients with physical problems making ___ difficult would not be aided by drinking more water.

quality

Drug effects on ___ of life should be considered in designing a drug therapy regimen.

individualized

Drug therapy should be ___.

cool, dry

Drugs should be stored in a ___, ___ place.

trivial

Drugs usually should not be prescribed for ___ problems or problems for which nondrug measures are effective.

absorb

Extended-release medications should never be opened and the powder contained in that medication mixed with water for administration via gastrostomy tube because it will cause the client to ___ the total dosage of medication too quickly.

National Patient Safety Standards

Facilities accredited by the Joint Commission are required to be in compliance with the ___.

dose

Infants can safely receive medication, but caution must be exercised with regard to ___.

relationship

he nurse must first develop a ___ with the client.

water

Even healthy clients who have trouble swallowing are often not helped by drinking more ___.

benefits

Expected ___ should outweigh potential adverse effects.

1

Fried's Rule applies to a child younger than ___ year of age and assumes than an adult dose would be appropriate for a child who is 12.5 years (150 months) old.

months

Fried's rule requires that the infant's age in ___ be known.

human body

Many variables influence a drug's effects on the ___.

multiply

Mixed numbers are changed to improper fractions and then multiplied to ___ mixed numbers.

crushed, chewed

Not all drugs can be ___, ___, or cut.

diagnosis

Once assessment occurs, ___, planning and implementation occur.

invasive

Parenteral administration is ___ and should be avoided if there are other options.

overdosing

Parents should read all labels before giving a child a drug, especially over-the-counter products because many of these may contain the same ingredients, thereby accidentally ___ the child.

improvement

Quality-of-life issues are also being emphasized in research studies, with expectations of measurable ___ because of drug therapy.

break down faster

Storage in the bathroom, which is hot and humid, may cause drugs to ___.

height, weight

Surface area calculation of a child's dose is determined with the use of a nomogram including the child's ___ and ___.

Assessment

___ is the first phase of the nursing process and involves the collection of subjective and objective data from the client or client's family.

Implementation

___ is the phase that follows planning.

Liquid

___ medications should be measured with appropriate measuring devices such as a measured dosing device or spoon from a measuring set.

Adult

___ medications should never be used to treat a child.

1000

1 gram = ___ milligrams

1000

1 kilogram = ___ grams

1000

1 milligram = ___ micrograms

10 mL

A client has not had a bowel movement for four days and has been prescribed milk of magnesia 2 teaspoons orally as needed for relief of constipation. How many mL should the nurse administer?

Right documentation

A client refuses a PRN medication; the nurse documents the reason for the refusal on the back of the medication administration record and disposes of the medication according to facility policy. By documenting the client's refusal and reason for declining the medication, the nurse is adhering to which of the "rights" for medication administration?

solids

A dram is a measure of ___ in the apothecary system.

pounds

A group of students are practicing pediatric dosage calculation using Clark's rule. Which information would the students need? Child's weight in ___.

metric

A nurse articulates that which measurement system used in medicine?

150

A nurse calculates the pediatric client's medication dosage using Clark's rule and uses what formula? weight of child in pounds/___ pounds times the average adult dose

1 , 5

A nurse must give two ophthalmic medications to the same client. What step should the nurse take? Wait ___-___ minutes after administering the first drug before delivering the second.

dose, strength

Errors most commonly occur because of a failure to administer a drug that has been prescribed, administration of the wrong ___ or ___ of a drug, or administration of a drug at the wrong time.

diagnosis

A nursing ___ is formed once a problem has been identified.

inpatient

Adherence is not a primary concern in this ___ setting.

annually

After teaching a group of nursing students about the Joint Commission and National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG), the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies that the NPSG is updated at which frequency?

medications

After teaching the parents of a child who is receiving drug therapy, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching? "We can use the same ___ that we use for similar problems in our child, but we might need to adjust the dosage."

planning

After the formulation of nursing diagnoses, which phase of the nursing process would occur next?

insulin, heparin

Although errors can occur with any drug, two drugs often associated with errors are ___ and ___.

0.2 U/mL

An adolescent is admitted to the ICU in diabetic ketoacidosis. The health care provider orders a continuous insulin infusion of 100U NPH insulin in 500 mL normal saline. What is the concentration of the infusion?

data

Assessment involves ___ collection.

plan

Assessment is essential for outcome and ___ development.

grow

Children's dosages will change with time as they ___.

apothecary

Grain is a measure of solids in the ___ system.

solids

Gram is a measure of ___ in the metric system.

list

Health care providers do not always know what a child is taking, so parents need to keep a ___ of all medications given to a child, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medicines.

1 , 5

If two or more eye drops are scheduled at the same time,the nurse should wait ___-___ minutes between instillations.

gram

In the metric system the unit of weight is the ___.

education

It would be inappropriate and ineffective to perform ___ while the client's health is acutely unstable.

wait

It would not be appropriate to ask the client to ___ for administration of a pain medication.

potassium chloride

Labeling of medications that can be fatal has helped with medication errors such as that with ___, usually given p.o. can be administered IV and can be fatal if the wrong dose is given.

toxic

Larger than directed dosages can result in ___ effects of this medication.

liquid

Liter is a measure of ___ in the metric system.

National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG)

The Joint Commissions updates the ___ on a yearly basis.

discontinuation

The benefit of the therapy must be weighed against the drug's adverse or side effects in order to make a decision regarding the ___ of the therapy.

redundancy

The best method of error detection is the manual ___ system in which each person in the process of medication prescription and delivery checks the medication dosage for accuracy.

organs

The body ___ and systems of children are very different from those of an adult.

Assessing

The client has a daily antihypertensive medication ordered. Taking the blood pressure prior to administration of the medication is which step of the nursing process?

administration

The client requests an oral pain medication. The nurse notes that the client is NPO in preparation for laboratory tests. What is the nurse's best response to this client? "I will contact your health care provider and ask for an order for a different method of drug ___."

list

The client should keep a ___ of all drugs taken, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal preparations.

effectiveness

The client should know and follow the directions for taking the drug to ensure the maximum ___.

report

The client should understand what each drug is being used to treat to ensure a better understanding of what to ___, what to watch for, and when to report signs.

83 gtts/minute

The health care provider orders a client to receive 1000 mL of intravenous fluid over the next 12 hours. The intravenous delivery system is a microdrip system. The nurse would set the infusion to run at which rate?

elimination

The liver and the kidneys are associated with the ___ of medications.

medicine

The metric system is the most commonly used system of measurement in ___.

small intestine

The nurse assesses the function of what organ to evaluate the client's ability to effectively absorb medications prescribed in tablet and capsule forms? the upper ___.

treatment

The nurse in the intensive care unit is providing care for a client who was just admitted with multiple trauma. What action should the nurse prioritize with relation to drug therapy? Monitor the client's response to ___ closely.

formulation

The nurse is preparing to administer medications via a client's gastrostomy tube. The health care provider has ordered an extended-release medication. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? Call the health care provider and ask for an order for a different ___ of the medication.

2

The nurse is required to administer 4 mL of an intramuscular (IM) injection to the client. Which action would be most appropriate? Divide the drug and give it as ___ separate injections.

chest

The nurse is teaching a client about the drug therapy regimen before being discharged. The nurse is emphasizing safety in the home setting. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching? "I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine ___."

order

The nurse must have a health care provider's ___ to change the method of administration of a medication.

Collect data

The nurse understands that an admission assessment is completed to accomplish what goal?

Assessment

The nurse visiting with the client states to the client and family, "The finger stick blood sugar just taken is within normal range." This statement would be found in what phase of the nursing process?

flatware

The parents should never use a ___ teaspoon or tablespoon to measure a child's drugs.

documentation

The sixth "right" is ___.

absorption

The small intestine is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for ___ of drugs into the bloodstream.

stomach

The small intestine is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of drugs into the bloodstream. Such medications begin dissolving in the ___.

divided

The whole number is first changed to a fraction when a mixed number is ___ by a fraction.

inverted, multiplied

What is the procedure for dividing fractions? The second fraction is ___ and the fractions are ___.

5, 3

Which best describes the manual redundancy system used to reduce potential error in medication administration by a nurse? It is a process using the ___ rights and ___ checks.

discontinue

Which statement represents an action that would interfere with providing effective drug therapy? Any adverse reaction is a cause to ___ a therapy regimen.

1, 12

Young's Rule applies to children ___-___ years of age.

Evaluation

___ is part of the nursing process looking at multiple data history and findings.

Implementation

___ is the carrying out of a plan of action and is a natural outgrowth of the assessment and planning phases of the nursing process.