Week 11:The U.N System

Trusteeship Council

One of the original six primary organs of the UN established to supervise UN trust territories and facilitate their move to self government. The work of this organ was suspended in 1994.

Enforcement of ICJ

Article 94, "If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgement rendered by the court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deems necessary make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgement." However, the law enforcement role of the Security Council is not limited to the execution of World Court decisions. In domestic legal systems, law enforcement is not limited to the punishment of criminals after conviction by a court.In the UN Security Council, whose primary responsibility is to respond to threats to international peace and stability that are imminent or in progress, LIKE any good SHERIFF the Security Council has a law enforcement role that precedes court action.

Collective Security:CHAPTER VII Authority

Authority granted to the Security Council by Chapter VII of the UN charter, to take both nonmilitary and military measures deemed necessary to reduce and eliminate threats to international peace and security.

Secretariat

Bureaucratic arm of the United Nations headed by the secretary general and staffed by about 9,000 full time UN employees who carry out the daily activities of the UN and provide administrative support to other UN organs

Perm 5

Collective name for the five permanent members with veto power on the UN Security Council(The United States, Russia, China, Great Britain, and France)

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

One of the principal organs of the United Nations, it coordinates and oversees UN economic and social programs, including the work of various specialized, autonomous agencies.

Closet Veto

Implied threat to use the Security Council veto; it can shape Security Council agendas, discussions, and resolutions in a way intended to avoid actual use of the veto, rendering the veto important even when not formally exercised.

Security Council

One of the principal organs of the United Nations, it has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. It is composed of five permanent members (The United States, Russia, China, Great Britain, and France) and 10 rotating members serving two year terms. To act on any substantive measure, a sub-majority of nine of 15 members must agree, including all five members.

General Assembly

Quasi-legislative organ of the United Nations with universal membership that has authority to issue nonbinding resolutions and declarations and to serve as a forum for discussion of international issues. Unlike, the Security Council, the UN General Assembly is unhampered by the veto, and it is based on a principle of sovereign equality for all states. Regardless of size, population, or power, have one vote, majority rule. However, the UN Charter does not give the General Assembly the power to implement its decision. While, it can pass declarations and resolutions on any subject, it cannot coercive instruments such as economic sanctions military power behind its resolutions.

The United Nations (brief summary on basics)

Since the end of World War 2 its the most important international organization that has been the United Nations.It is the only global general purpose organization. Deals with matters of international affairs, issue of war and peace, the global economy, human rights, environmental management, and global health management. The UN is the only international organization with the authority to use military power to promote global security and to enforce the international law.

Great Power Unanimity Principle

The logic underlying the UN Security Council veto:that to be effective, the Security Council needs all the great powers on board.

The Veto

The report settled for seeking nonbinding pledges from the Perm 5 that they would use the veto only when vital interests were truly at stake and reject when genocide and other serious human rights violations were at issue.

Peace Enforcement

UN Military interventions, against aggressor states, intended to reverse cross border aggression.

Peace making

UN military intervention intended to impose a peace on parties in conflict, and used primarily to intervene in conflicts within states where humanitarian catastrophes are under way.AKA second generation peacekeeping.

PeaceKeeping

UN military intervention intended to maintain a peace already established by the parties involved via negotiations or military stalemate. Also known as first generating peacekeeping.

Uniting for Peace Resolution

UN resolution sponsored by the United States and passed by the UN General Assembly in 1950 that allows authority on matters of international peace and security, including use of force, to be transferred to the General Assembly if Security Council action is blocked by the veto.

NATO

While,NATO can use military power to protect the interests of their members the UN is the only international body authorized to wield military power in the name of the international community.

Security Council Enlargement

ex: Replace some of members with Japan highest economy or India highest pop