Week 15 - Chapter 15: Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation 1350-1600

Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles.

Patronage

Calvin's teaching that God decided at the beginning of time who would be saved and who damned, so people could not actively work to achieve salvation.

Predestination

Discussion Question: Discuss 3 of the 4 criticisms of the Church that brought about the Protestant Reformation.

Calls for reform in the church came from many quarters in early-sixteenth-century Europe — from educated laypeople and urban residents, from villagers and artisans, and from church officials themselves. This dissatisfaction helps explain why the ideas of Martin Luther, an obscure professor from a new and not very prestigious German university, found a ready audience. Within a decade of his first publishing his ideas (using the new technology of the printing press), much of central Europe and Scandinavia had broken with the Catholic Church in a movement that came to be known as the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a religious reform movement that began in the early sixteenth century and split the Western Christian Church. Martin Luther wrote his "Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences" in 1517 in criticism of indulgences. The term "Protestant" is termed from "a follower of Luther," this term came to be generally applied to all non-Catholic western European Christians. Critics of the church concentrated their attacks on clerical immorality, ignorance, absenteeism, local resentment of clerical privileges, and non-military service & tax immunity. Charges of immorality were aimed at a number of priests who were drunkards, neglected the rule of celibacy, gambled, or indulged in fancy dress. Individuals may have been convinced of the truth of Protestant teachings on their own, but a territory became Protestant when its ruler brought in reformers to re-educate the territory's clergy, sponsored public sermons, and confiscated church property. Protestant Reformation saw the decline of power of the Catholic church in mainly protestant areas. Protestants closed convents and monasteries and forced their members to marry; however, Protestants still viewed women subjective to men.

Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael Sanzio, and Michelangelo Buonarroti.

Famous Renaissance artists

What were Huguenots?

French Calvinists

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith through schools and missionary activity.

Jesuits

Isabella and Ferdinand established a national church in Spain and increased the persecution of the _______?

Jews

A religious reform movement that began in the early sixteenth century and split the Western Christian Church.

Protestant Reformation

A French word meaning "rebirth," used to describe a cultural movement that began in fourteenth-century Italy and looked back to the classical past.

Renaissance

The Renaissance maintained, and even enhanced, a gulf between the learned minority and the uneducated multitude.

True

The nobility maintained its status in most parts of Europe not by maintaining rigid boundaries, but by taking in and integrating the new social elite (merchants) created by the hierarchy of wealth.

True