Western Civ chapter 11

Treaty of Verdun

- 814 divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious -Charles the Bald: W. Francia -Louis the German: E. Francia -Lothar: Mid Francia/Emperor anointed by Pope

St. Benedict of Nursia

-480 in nursia, italy -wanted to live like a hermit, fasting and discipline, day and night prayer -monks who asked him to be their abbot, said no cause they were so different, didn't like him and his habits -

How did the Catholic Church fill the void and assume greater powers?

-A few decades after Jesus died around 60 A.D.; his followers weren't accepted in mainstream Judaism -The Emperor appointed the Church head. Churches had a prominent place in Byzantine architecture. Religious controversy caused a split between the two branches of Christianity, which further separated the empire from the West.

Victory at Battle of Tours (or Poitiers)

-Battle of Tours, also called Battle of Poitiers , (October 732), victory won by Charles Martel, the de facto ruler of the Frankish kingdoms, over Muslim invaders from Spain. The battlefield cannot be exactly located, but it was fought somewhere between Tours and Poitiers, in what is now west-central France. -

Odovacer

-C.E 434-493 -Practice no former acceptable religion not acceptable to the leader of the catholic church -is acceptable to the ruler in the east -his son and him are killed -replaced by theodoric

Charlemagne

-Carolus Magnus -Brother Carolman died, leaving him undivided king -King of Franks -coronation in 800 founded the Holy Roman Empire -Reunited most of W. Europe since Roman Empire -Claimed the title King of the Franks and Lombards -spurred Carolingian Renaissance -only remaining son: louis the pious

Charlemanges Government

-Emperor was not absolute monarch and controlled military and state matters -maintained meetings with advisers/Capitularies kept documentation of his rule -bannum: royal authority/ had the responsibility to maintain peace;protect church, weak, widows, poor -used secular/cannon law - church law -Oath of fidelity - oath all men take to not conspire against king -perjury - crime of oath breaking (serious crime) -carolingian emperor got authority from god

Merovingians

-First dynasty of Frankish Kings,DO NOTHING dynasty -

Childeric III

-Last frankish king of the merovingian dynasty -entirely a figurehead, appointed by Pippin III and Carolman

Charlemanges expansion major expansion

-Lomards in N and S Italy were basically destroyed -annexed Bavaria, W. Spain and Saxony -(772-804) war conquered Saxons: Nordalbingians -Charles deported Saxons all around kingdom. Conquer, convert, tax them -many of his campaigns were executed by his sons or generals

Theodoric the Ostrogoth

-Replaces Odovauer -is a christian name means gifted by god -R.C 493-526

Basil the Great

-St. Basil's teachings and the Bible everything he said was taken from the Bible and arranged in a way that could be used in everyday life -St. Basil's rules are timeless They are based on Holy Scripture, so they can be applied to every age -started monastic life

Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian

-comes from a family called the Isaurian family -made a royal decree of that there was to be a destruction of Greek icons

Charles Martel

-leader of the Franks -stopped the Muslims from conquering Europe -The king of the Franks -was a weak leader that -made a lot of the decision for.

Pope Leo I

-shows up at the gates of Rome to meet Attila the Hun and he say you're free to come into this places but I would not go in, Attila turned around and left without burning down the city -The reason they left is that he said he got the plagues it's killing people left and right and why should it not kill your people. -has not only holy authority but state, civil authority -is giving the old title Pontifex Maximus

Pepin III ("the Short")

-son of Charles Martel -appointed Childeric III as merovingian king as figurehead -Shared ruling Empire as mayor w/ Carolman till he left to become a monk. then he became sole ruler of franks -First real carolingian King -He sought help from the papacy to deposed Childeric III. Historical record unclear, either a) (Frankish sources) Pippin asked Pope Zacharias for "permission". St Boniface anointed Pippin in Soissons b) (Roman sources) Pope Stephen the II crossed alps to anoint Pippin and family (first Pope involvement with Kings) -needed to legitimize himself among frankish aristocracy after usurping childeric III -Expanded empire by taking over Barvarians and Alemannians

Pontifex Maximus

-the high priests ( the head of the principal college of priests.)

Clovis

-was the first King of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one king. He also introduced Christianity. He was the son of Childeric I and Basina. At age 16, he succeeded his father, in the year 481. -

Alcuin of York

A respected scholar who hired other scholars (usually monks) to teach at Charlemagne's schools. He also established a curriculum. Charlemagne's favorite scholar

Filioque Controversy

Beginning at a local council, the Third Council of Toledo in 589, the words "and the Son" (Latin, Filioque) were added to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. By 800 this formulation of the creed was standard throughout the Frankish empire of Charlemagne.

Attila the Hun (or Xiongnu) at Rome

Born in Pannonia, a province of the Roman Empire circa 406, -Attila the Hun and his brother, Bleda, were named co-rulers of the Huns in 434. -Upon murdering his brother in 445, Attila became the 5th century king of the Hunnic Empire, and the sole ruler of the Huns. -think night at the museum the main hun gain that likes magic tricks -they were headed to rome and were going to destroy it the end of the world

Division of Carolingian Empire

Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne's Death. In 806, Charlemagne divided his empire among his three sons Charles, Pepin and Louis the Pious. Pepin died without a legitimate male heir in 810, while Charles died one year later leaving Louis the Pious as sole Emperor on Charlemagne's death in 814.

Emperor of the Franks

Charlemagne, also called Charles I, byname Charles the Great (born April 2, 747?—died January 28, 814, Aachen, Austrasia [now in Germany]) king of the Franks (768-814), king of the Lombards (774-814), and first emperor (800-814) of the Romans and of what was later called the Holy Roman Empire

Louis the Pious

Charlemanges only remaining son -became sole Ruler of Franks after his fathers death -After his death, the kingdom was split into 3 parts among his sons. Civil wars ensued

Justinian and Theodora

Emperor Justinian Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome. He initiated an ambitious building program, including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code. Empress Theodora The most powerful woman in Byzantine history, she passed laws and advised her husband, Emperor Justinian. She wanted some equal rights for women.

Anthony of Egypt

First Christian monk, father of the movement At age of 20, he retreated to a desert cave for a life of solitude and prayer Other young hermits sought to learn from him, living in nearby huts and caves St. Pachomius (d. 346) Organized first monasteries in 320 Self-sustaining communities of monks Communal sharing, celibacy, obedience to a superior

What happened in the crumbling pieces of the Roman Empire?

Over time, the east thrived, while the west declined. In fact, after the western part of the Roman Empire fell, the eastern half continued to exist as the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years. Therefore, the "fall of Rome" really refers only to the fall of the western half of the Empire.

Pope Leo III

Protected by Charlemagne from his enemies in Rome, he subsequently strengthened Charlemagne's position by crowning him as Roman Emperor

Hagia Sophia

The Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian. It was converted to a mosque.

Nicene Creed

The Nicene Creed contains Statement of faith, Believe system in words, Affirmation (what you believe), Morals and values the Nicene Creed important in the catholic church It is important because It is the statement of faith is something that people can refer back to when they are trying to find out what their core beliefs are the beliefs of the Nicene Creed We believe in one god the father almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, We believe in one lord Jesus Christ, True god from true god, For us and our salvation, Christ will come again, We believe in the holy spirit, One holy catholic and apostolic

Byzantine Emperor Zeno

Will accept Odovauer if he accepts that his groups is the most powerful

Corpus Juris Civilis, etc.

definition: "Body of Civil Law," Justinian's codification of Roman law significance: demonstrated Justinian influence, idea is used today

Arianism

in Christianity, is a Christological concept that asserts that Jesus Christ is the Son of God who was created by God the Father at a point in time, is distinct from the Father and is therefore subordinate to the Father. Arian teachings were first attributed to Arius

Monasticism

movement of men and women away from the world to pursue holiness

Carolingians

name for the renaissance started by Charlemagne to improve writing and reading in his empire; rebirth of art and learning; he invested in education, construction of new palaces; limited extent since clergy was involved

Nika Revolt

was a devastating riot that took place in early medieval Constantinople, in the Eastern Roman Empire. It threatened the life and reign of Emperor Justinian