What is a Mineral

mineral halite

A deposit of the ______, common rock salt, formed when water from a shallow lake evaporated.

silicate

A member of the mineral group that has silicon and oxygen in its crystal structure. Quartz is a member of this group. Other members of this group: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, mica,

mineral

A natural occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms and ions. Used in making deodorant, shampoo, makeup, things with metals such as belt buckler, jewelry, zippers. Salt used on foods. Located from the tops of the tallest mountains to sediments on the seafloor. They are everywhere.

crystal

A repeating arrangement of atoms and ions in 3 directions makes it a ____.

crystallization

All minerals form from a process called _____ no matter what the environment is . It is the process that occurs when particles dissolved in a liquid or a melt solidify and form crystals. This can happen from either HOT or COLD solutions. EXAMPLE: halite forms from cool solution where water with dissolved solids evaporates.

ion

An atom or group of atoms with an electric charge.

hematite

Any mineral made up of 2 parts iron and 3 parts oxygen are called ______. Fe2O3--Fe--iron, O--oxygen--2 parts iron, 3 parts oxygen.

atoms ions

As lava or ash cools at or near the Earth's surface or magma cools underground _____ and _____ arrange themselves and form mineral crystals.

unstable erosion

Because pressure and temperature conditions on the Earth's surface are LESS extreme, the minerals become ____. Changes in pressure and temperature combined with agents of ______ such as water, wind, and ice can cause minerals to break down. Eventually new minerals are formed.

calcite

CaCo3--diamond-shaped and have sets of parallel lines.

common rock-forming minerals

Composed (made up) of combinations of elements that are abundant in the Earth's crust.

pure quartz

Composed of ONLY oxygen and silicon.

size

Crystals differ in _____depending on the cooling rate of magma, lava, or ash.

organic processes

Despite being inorganic, some minerals can form from ____. For example, marine organisms can extract dissolved solids from seawater and make their shells.

nonsilicates

Do NOT contain silicon. Examples: calcite, halite

solids

During dry conditions, as water evaporates, _________crystallize out of the water and form MINERALS.

dissolved solids

Hot solutions sometimes carry with them large concentrations of _____.

clusters

MOST of the time, minerals grow in tiny _____.

solid

Matter with tightly packed atoms and ions. It has a definite volume and shape.

quartz

Member of one of the TWO main families of common rock-forming minerals. Formed in less extreme conditions.

inorganic

Minerals are _____, NOT from biologic origins. Minerals form in different environments due to

solids

Minerals are ______.

conditions

Minerals can be used to interpret the ________ of their formation. Olivine--forms under high pressure Quartz--forms under less extreme conditions

evaporation crystalization

Minerals form in different environments due to ________ and ___________.

crystal

Minerals form predictable _____ patterns.

crystalline

Minerals have a definite ____ form and that shape reflects the INTERNAL arrangement of atoms and ions.

chemical

Minerals have a definite _____ composition.

shapes sizes

Minerals occur in many different ____ and ____.Minerals are sometimes small and difficult to identify.

magma

Molten rock stored beneath the Earth's surface.

Feldspar

Most common silicate member found in the Earth's crust.

minerals

NOT all solids are ____. Solids withOUT crystal forms, liquids, and gases are NOT minerals.

galena (PbS)

Occasionally, when a crystal forms under the right conditions, it has type to grow and will develop a characteristic crystal shape. A ___ crystal has an arrangement of LEAD and SULFUR that form cubes. The angles are 90 degrees, so it has a characteristic cube shape.

30

Of the ____ abundant minerals on Earth, only a few are referred to as rock-forming minerals.

rock-forming minerals

One of the common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth's crust. 10 of the 30 most common minerals out of the 4, 000 total minerals. Quartz, feldspar, olivine

potassium feldspar KALSI3O8

Other minerals such as _____ are made up of a combination of several elements.

scanning electron microscope images

Scientists can examine the shape of minerals using ______.The high MAGNIFICATIONS reveal an orderly arrangement of atoms and ions inside the crystal despite the crystal's tiny size.

quartz

SiO2--well-formed, long, and typically have distinctive pointed ends.

cubes

Small salt crystals form ____. This crystal shape of salt is NOT random.

native elements

Some like silver (Ag) and Sulphur (S) are composed of just ONE element. These are called _____.

crust mantle

Some minerals form deep within the Earth's ____ and ____.These minerals are stable under HIGH PRESSURE and HIGH TEMPERATURE conditions.

mineral deposits

Some of these dissolved solids eventually form valuable _____. The vein of gold forms this way.

protective shells reef

Sometimes minerals can crystallize from environments that aren't so dry. The dissolved salts in sea water make the ocean salty. The water cannot hold anymore salt. Certain marine organisms can remove these salts from seawater and produce ______ or build a _____.

oxygen silicon

TWO most abundant elements in the Earth's crust.

silicates nonsilicates

The TWO main families of rock-forming minerals.

atoms ions

The internal arrangement of ____ and ____determines the shape of a crystal.

gypsum

The mineral ___ formed as water evaporated leaving dissolved solids behind. Some types are called desert rose due to its rose petal type appearance.

halite

The salt you shake on your food often contains the mineral _____.The internal atomic arrangement of ____ has sodium and chloride ions repeat over and over in 3 dimensions of space.

crystal

To be a mineral, a solid must have a ______ form.

dissolved solids

When it rains or snow melts, water seeps into the ground of flows over Earth's surface. As the water moves, it interacts with minerals in rocks and soils. The water dissolves some of the minerals and picks up elements such as potassium, calcium, iron, silicon from the rock and soil. These elements become ______.

lava

When molten rock erupts on near Earth's surface, it is called _____ or ash.

hot fluids

___ can flow through cracks in Earth's crust and crystallize to form new minerals.

chemical physical

____ and ____ properties of minerals help geologists infer the type of environment where minerals formed.

minerals

____ are NOT always large and do NOT always exist in a well-developed geometric shape. FORM in a variety of environments.

water

____ can only hold a certain concentration of dissolved solids.

glass

_____ does NOT have a repeating arrangement so it does not form a crystal.

metamorphic

______ activity can uplift minerals from great depths onto Earth's surface.

large crystals

formed as magma cools slowly under the Earth's surface. example: Andesite

small crystals

formed when lava cools quickly on or near the Earth's surface. Example: basalt